scholarly journals African Chiefs Today: The Lugard Memorial Lecture for 1958

Africa ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Mair
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
Traditional Authority ◽  
African Society ◽  
Administrative Structure ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphIt is a familiar fact that European rule in Africa has set in motion a radical change in African society. In some fields this has not been the result of any deliberate intention. In that of economic development, interest has generally been centred in the immediate problems of production, and the effects upon African institutions of the solutions that have been found for these have been neither planned nor even foreseen. But in the field of politics, European governments have been obliged to define their intentions towards the authorities whom they found already in existence, and here, in theory, there was a clear-cut choice from the start. Either the holders of power in the indigenous societies should be recognized, and utilized as part of an administrative structure of larger scale, or they should be disregarded–their authority be perhaps deliberately destroyed–and replaced by what M. Albert Sarraut once called ‘new and rectilinear architectures’. The British chose the first course, and this policy has now become inseparably associated with the name of Lugard. I believe that the forthcoming work by Miss Margery Perham will show that what has been called ‘Lugardism’ in the derogatory sense–I mean the insistence on maintaining traditional authority almost for its own sake–was not Lugard's own philosophy, but that of the successors who were in command during the period when he was away from Nigeria.

An Historical Perspective of the Giriama and Witchcraft Control

Africa ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Brantley
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
African Society ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Protection And Control ◽  
And Control

Opening ParagraphWherever belief in witchcraft permeated an African society, fear prevailed and people demanded protection and control. Even though the degree of African concern about witchcraft was not always appreciated by outsiders, it was possible, at least in centralized societies, for such outsiders to discern the processes that were involved in its control. A king or a priest who failed to control the spread of witchcraft and to alleviate the fear was unlikely to maintain his authority for long. In non-centralized societies, the problem of witchcraft and the means of control were less clear-cut. Solutions were rarely obvious and easy.

scholarly journals The Impact of Economic Specialization on Regional Economic Development in the European Union: Insights for Formation of Smart Specialization Strategy

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Giedrė Dzemydaitė
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Regional Economic Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Smart Specialization ◽  
Economic Specialization ◽  
The Impact

The smart specialization concept was implemented in the EU in 2014, stating that regions have to specify specialization areas for development of innovations. Economic specialization reveals a comparative advantage in that field. However, there are different arguments linking specialization to economic development. This study analyzes these arguments and aims to investigate the impact of economic specialization on regional economic development and to give insights into identifying prospective areas in regional economies. A panel fixed effect estimation of industry-level regional data suggests that economic specialization in broader regional employment, called relative specialization, is ambiguously associated with economic development. Our findings suggest that neither economic specialization nor economic diversity are a clear-cut solution for ensuring economic growth. Economic structure in EU regions differs, and there is no one answer for which approach is better for economic development. Specialization measures, particularly the location quotient, cannot fully capture the dynamics in the industry structure that could be essential for formation of regional development strategy.

scholarly journals Political Trust in the “Places That Don't Matter”

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence McKay ◽  
Will Jennings ◽  
Gerry Stoker
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
The Political ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Economic Deprivation ◽  
Recent Success ◽  
Social Marginality

A popular explanation for the recent success of right-wing populist candidates, parties and movements is that this is the “revenge of the places that don't matter”. Under this meso-level account, as economic development focuses on increasingly prosperous cities, voters in less dynamic and rural areas feel neglected by the political establishment, and back radical change. However, this premise is typically tested through the analysis of voting behavior rather than directly through citizens' feelings of political trust, and non-economic sources of grievance are not explored. We develop place-oriented measures of trust, perceived social marginality and perceived economic deprivation. We show that deprived and rural areas of Britain indeed lack trust in government. However, the accompanying sense of grievance for each type of area is different. Modeling these as separate outcomes, our analysis suggests that outside of cities, people lack trust because they feel socially marginal, whereas people in deprived areas lack trust owing to a combination of perceived economic deprivation and perceived social marginality. Our results speak to the need to recognize diversity among the “places that don't matter,” and that people in these areas may reach a similar outlook on politics for different reasons.

Early Bantu Ethnography from a Philological Point of View

Africa ◽  
1930 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. v. Warmelo
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Compact Body ◽  
The One ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphFew of the secrets that Africa still holds from us to-day have, I think, such an absorbing interest as the problem of Bantu in its relation to the neighbouring families and types of speech. Taking the continent of Africa as a whole, we find on the one hand the huge, yet marvellously homogeneous and compact body of the Bantu languages, clear-cut in structure, simple and transparent in phonology, and, at the back of much apparent diversity, exceptionally uniform in vocabulary. On the other hand there are in Africa numerous other languages of various type, which differ so much amongst each other that they have not yet been brought under any but the very broadest of classifications. The essential points of these are as follows.

Religion and Authority in a Korekore Community

Africa ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. C. Bourdillon
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Rites Of Passage ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Traditional Authority ◽  
Initiation Rites ◽  
Supportive Role ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
The Relationship

Opening ParagraphIn her lucid and persuasive Henry Myers Lecture on ‘The power of rights’ (Man, 1977), Professor La Fontaine argues that since the Gisu themselves cite transition from one status to another as the purpose of their initiation rites, this transformation cannot logically explain them. Taking up Maurice Bloch's idea that religion is concerned with inequality and hierarchy (1974; 1977), La Fontaine argues convincingly that the explanation of Gisu initiation rites lies in their functions of validating traditional knowledge and of maintaining traditional authority. The relationship between religion and political power had been noticed before but it had not previously been applied to the field of rites of passage nor had the mechanism of the supportive role of traditional knowledge been so clearly analysed.

scholarly journals A Critique of Akhtar’s Model of an Economic Economy

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-617
Author(s):  
Shujaat Ali Khan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Consistent Increase ◽  
Opening Paragraph

In an article entitled “Modelling the Economic Growth of anIslamic Economy,”l M. Ramazan Akhtar presented a mathematicalmodel that subjects Allahs attributes to measurement and underminesthe cause of the Islamization of knowledge, which he intended toserve. In his article, there are several flaws, mistakes, and inconsistenciesthat deserve comment and criticism. This paper has examinedcritically Akhtar’s model and found it to be neither informative norpredictive. Before presenting the critique, however, I would like tocomment on some of the general weaknesses of the article.In the opening paragraph (p. 491), Akhtar says: “Growth dependson several factors, among them a consistent increase in the amount ofphysical goods and services produced over a given period of time.This is usually taken as an index of economic growth.” Although economicgrowth is defined and measured by the increase in the amountof goods and services produced over a given period of time, it doesnot imply that the former depends on the latter. There is no cause andeffect relationship between the two.In his “Review of the Literature” (p. 492), Akhtar makes a generalstatement that Muslim economists use the terms “economic growth”and “economic development” interchangeably. The economic literaturethat has been produced since the early 1960s makes a clear distinctionbetween these two terms and views economic growth as anecessary, but not a sufficient, condition for economic development(Clower 1966). Most Muslim economists hold this mainstream view.If there are still some using the terms interchangeably, they are theexceptions.In the second paragraph on page 495, Akhtar gives an Englishtranslation of Qur’an 39:9. In fact, this is a translation of 41:10-aserious mistake and not a typographical error.The last paragraph on page 491 reads: “The hypothesis is examinedtheoretically because statistical data for empirical analysis is not available.”But at the end of this paragraph, he asserts: “Analytical resultsshow that moral factors make a positive contribution to both income ...

scholarly journals On the question of federalism in Belgium

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-377
Author(s):  
S. M. Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
The State ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Administrative Structure ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
German Speaking

The Kingdom of Belgium is a Federation in terms of its territorial and administrative structure. Federalism in Belgium has a number of specific features, since it is based on the principles of division not only on the national and administrative principle, but also on linguistic. The main contradictions within the nation-state are related to the interaction of Walloon (French-speaking) and Flemish (speaking Dutch and its dialects) communities. The current situation in the country has developed as a result of a number of state reforms carried out in the second half of the XX — early XXI century. At present, the crisis in Belgium remains unresolved, primarily due to the imbalance in the economic development of the regions and the growing conflicts in this regard and the special status of bilingual Brussels. The situation is complicated by the presence of a German-speaking community in the state. The article assesses the prospects for the development of the situation in Belgium in terms of the transformation of the system of federalism in the country.

A Further Note on Joking Relationships

Africa ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Radcliffe-Brown
Keyword(s):  
West African ◽  
Considerable Importance ◽  
African Society ◽  
The People ◽  
Joking Relationships ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphProfessor Griaule's article on ‘L'Alliance cathartique’ in Africa of October 1948 raises a methodological point of considerable importance. If we wish to understand a custom or institution that we find in a particular society there are two ways of dealing with it. One is to examine the part it plays in the system or complex of customs and institutions in which it is found and the meaning that it has within this complex for the people themselves. Professor Griaule deals in this way with the custom by which the Bozo and the Dogon exchange insults with each other. He considers it as an element in a complex of customs, institutions, myths, and ideas to which the Dogon themselves refer by the term mangou. He shows us also what meaning the natives themselves attribute to this exchange of insults (p. 253). As a piece of analysis the article is admirable, and is a most important contribution to our growing knowledge of West African society.

Indonesia

2017 ◽  
pp. 332-357
Author(s):  
Ensar Nişancı ◽  
Durmuş Çağrı Yıldırım ◽  
Nüket Kırcı Çevik ◽  
Veli Sırım
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
General Structure ◽  
The Political ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Administrative Structure ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Properties ◽  
Populous Country

This chapter examines Indonesia, the fourth most populous country in the world, politically, culturally, socially, and economically. The main purpose of this chapter is to reveal the obstacles to the economic development of Indonesia and to develop policy recommendations for them. The chapter begins with three of the major political and cultural issues of a country's general structure: socio-political structure, socio-cultural properties and political-administrative structure and institutions. The fourth and fifth parts of this chapter analyze the country's economic situation and economic potential. The following parts continue with handling other significant points which are the political, social, cultural and economic factors affecting the country's international relations. The author concludes this chapter with the leading obstacles to the economic development of Indonesia and some policy recommendations which have the potential to pave the way to country's growth in terms of economy. This section is not supported by empirical findings.

The Russian Population in Times of Economic Difficulties: Limits of adaptability

2014 ◽  
pp. 140-150
Author(s):  
E. Gontmakher
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The Social ◽  
Very High

The article analyzes the current tendencies of economic development of Russia from the point of view of their influence on the social situation of the population. It examines the main risks that could affect the deterioration of this situation and possible consequences of their realization. The conclusion is that the social model, which is characterized by very high potential adaptability and does not motivate people to move to nationwide open protests, continues to operate in Russia. Only elite groups of Russian society can become the source of radical change provoked by growing economic problems.

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