scholarly journals Selection of sustainable technologies for combustion of Bosnian coals

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anes Kazagic ◽  
Izet Smajevic ◽  
Neven Duic
Keyword(s):  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Boiler Furnace ◽  
Strong Argument

This paper deals with optimization of coal combustion conditions to support selection a sustainable combustion technology and an optimal furnace and boiler design. A methodology for optimization of coal combustion conditions is proposed and demonstrated on the example of Bosnian coals. The properties of Bosnian coals vary widely from one coal basin to the next, even between coal mines within the same basin. Very high percentage of ash (particularly in Bosnian brown coal) makes clear certain differences between Bosnian coal types and other world coal types, providing a strong argument for investigating specific problems related to the combustion of Bosnian coals, as well as ways to improve their combustion behavior. In this work, options of the referent energy system (boiler) with different process temperatures, corresponding to the different combustion technologies; pulverised fuel combustion (slag tap or dry bottom furnace) and fluidized bed combustion, are under consideration for the coals tested. Sustainability assessment, based on calculation economic and environment indicators, in combination with common low cost planning method, is used for the optimization. The total costs in the lifetime are presented by General index of total costs, calculated on the base of agglomeration of basic economic indicators and the economic indicators derived from environmental indicators. So, proposed methodology is based on identification of those combustion technologies and combustion conditions for coals tested for which the total costs in lifetime of the system under consideration are lowest, provided that all environmental issues of the energy system is fulfilled during the lifetime. Inputs for calculation of the sustainability indicators are provided by the measurements on an experimental furnace with possibility of infinite variation of process temperature, supported by good praxis from the power plants which use the fuels tested and by thermal calculations of the different options (different temperature in the boiler furnace) of the referent energy system.

scholarly journals Current Status of Energy Production from Solid Biomass in Southern Italy

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2576
Author(s):  
Cristina Moliner ◽  
Elisabetta Arato ◽  
Filippo Marchelli
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Solid Biomass

This work analyses and discusses data on thermochemical plants in Southern Italy that are fed with solid biomass. The analysis takes into account the biomass availability and potential together with the cost-benefit analysis using technology development and economic indicators (LCOE). A total of 63,762 units have been categorised according to the employed technology and produced energy: power plants for electricity production or cogeneration plants for combined heat and electricity production (53 plants) and thermal units for heat production (63,709 units). The eight regions of the area have noteworthy differences. In terms of electricity generated from solid biomass Calabria is by far the largest producer, followed by Apulia. Sicily, Sardinia and Molise provide lower amounts while Abruzzo, Basilicata and Campania generate almost negligible amounts. Regarding thermal production, Campania and Calabria are the largest producers, but Basilicata, Molise and Abruzzo generate the highest amount per capita. The area is far from fully exploiting its biomass potential, and there are also no district heating grids. Bioenergy can be remarkably competitive, provided that capital costs are relatively low and low-cost biomass is available, as it is the case of Italy. New applications and markets for sub-products (i.e., char, ash) would help in lowering the still not competitive economic indicators (LCOE).

scholarly journals Application of Electro kinetic technique to remediate fly ash for its sustainable use

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 682-687
Author(s):  
Shristi Choudhary ◽  
N. Srinivas
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Voltage Gradient ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Remediation Process

Fly ash is a by-product of coal combustion in thermal power plants which is classified as hazardous waste and a serious threat to environment. The study was conducted to determine the potential and examine the efficacy of electro kinetic technique (EKT) using variables like pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), e concentration of chlorides (Cl-), sodium (Na+),magnesium (Mg2+), potassium (K+), ammonia (NH3+) and calcium (Ca2+) on fly ash as a low-cost treatment for enhancing the use of fly ash in a more sustainable manner. The probability of removing heavy metals and chlorides from fly ash suspended in water using electro dialysis was studied as they are highly dependent on pH and conductivity of the fly ash. The voltage gradient and duration indicated significant effect in the change of pH values showing a range from 4.6 to 7.7 at cathode and anode respectively, while the Total dissolves solids (TDS) varying from 72.33±5.6 to 146±5.4 showed the enhanced availability of ions post electro dialysis. In terms of chlorides, Cl- the content was observed to be 265.06 mg/l which was high enough to cause corrosion problems in later stages of reuse of fly ash. The concentration of cations like Na+, K+, NH3+, Mg2+, Ca2+ were observed to be notably influenced by the duration of study and pH in electro dialysis. The experimental results of the study showed that the proposed technique based on the fundamentals of electro kinetics and dialysis could efficiently improve the remediation process which would remove metals by converting them to available form in fly ash.

scholarly journals Selected Aspects of Combustion Optimization of Coal in Power Plants

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Dzikuć ◽  
Piotr Kuryło ◽  
Rafał Dudziak ◽  
Szymon Szufa ◽  
Maria Dzikuć ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Combustion Optimization ◽  
Combustion Processes ◽  
Heating Plant

Growing ecological standards force the implementation of solutions that will contribute to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the atmosphere. This is particularly important in Poland, whose energy system is almost 80% based on coal. In the interest of low carbon development it is worth considering the optimization of existing old coal-based power plants. The main goal of the research was to present the benefits of modernization of existing boiler equipment and to analyze the combustion process of various types of coal sorts that have a significant impact on the optimization of the production processes of energy media. An analysis of the processes occurring in boiler devices during the combustion of fuel was carried out, which had a significant impact on the quality of generated heat and electricity. The conducted research defined technological solutions for boiler structures that have a significant impact on improving the efficiency of the technological process in heating plants and the characteristics of coal as energy fuel. Practical technical and modernization solutions have been proposed that contribute to the optimization of coal combustion processes, resulting in increased energy efficiency of the heating plant.

scholarly journals The Impact of Dispatchability of Parabolic Trough CSP Plants over PV Power Plants in Palestinian Territories

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Aysar M. Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Capacity Factor ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Parabolic Trough ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Palestinian Territories ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the impacts of dispatchability of Parabolic Trough Concentrated Solar Power (PT-CSP) systems over PV power plants in Palestinian territories. Jericho governorate was taken as a case study. All conditions required for implementing PV and PT-CSP systems are verified. The capacity of each investigated system is 1 MW, and both systems are investigated in terms of technical, economic, and environmental aspects. The parametric analysis is used to identify the most feasible option of each renewable energy system by varying the cost of each option candidate and introducing thermal energy storage (TES) to the technology of PT-CSP systems with different capacities. A software based on the MATLAB environment is programmed to estimate the energy produced from each system with the important technical, financial, and environmental indicators. It is found that the alternative of installing a 1 MW PV system is the installation of 1 MWe PT-CSP systems with 14.5 h or 18.5 h TES. Introducing TES improves the dispatchability of the system and the capacity factor which consequently justifies the PT-CSP system investment. Increasing the degree of dispatchability improves the capacity factor of the PT-CSP system from 21% at 0 h TES to 57% at 18.5 h TES (24 h operation). The capacity factor of the PV system is 18.7% which is mostly similar to PT-CSP with zero dispatchability (0 h TES). The study considers the environmental benefits by estimating the amount of avoided CO2 emissions, and it was found that increasing the capacity factor augments the environmental benefits.

Environmental Benefits and Energy Efficiency of Superheated Steam as Media in Processing Ultra-Fine Fly Ash Technology

2010 ◽  
Vol 160-162 ◽  
pp. 1558-1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Lun Xu ◽  
Zi Lin Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Superheated Steam ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Air Jet

With superheated steam from thermal power plants for medium, the fluidized bed jet mill which had improved vertical turbine classifier was used to study Superheated steam as media in processing ultra-fine fly ash technology. Experiment tested the energy consumption of processing fly ash with superheated steam, which was converted into standard coal compared with the air jet mill technology to prove the environment and energy saving advantages in superheated steam-gas processing ultra-fine fly ash. Experimental results showed that this technology has low energy consumption, high grinding force, and its grinding, grading, collection process is completely in dry method, so this technology is an ideal method for processing ultra-fine fly ash by low-cost and large-scale. At the same time, this paper assessed the environmental benefits of some environmental indicators. Finally, the applications of this technology are summarized.

Integrated Pyrolysis Regenerated Plant (IPRP): An Efficient and Scalable Concept for Gas Turbine Based Energy Conversion From Biomass and Waste

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Fantozzi ◽  
Bruno D’Alessandro ◽  
Umberto Desideri
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Energy Conversion Systems

A massive effort towards sustainability is necessary to prevent global warming and energy sources impoverishment: both biomass and waste to energy conversion may represent key actions to reach this goal. At the present, state of the art available technologies for biomass and waste to energy conversion are similar and include low to mid efficiency grate incineration or fluidized bed combustion with steam power cycles or mid to high efficiency gas turbine based cycles through integrated gasification technology. Nevertheless, these plants are all available from mid-to-high scale range that can be highly intrusive on protected areas and socially unacceptable. This paper proposes an innovative, low cost, high efficiency plant in which the residue is gasified in the absence of oxygen (pyrolysis), in a rotary kiln, by means of a highly regenerative gas turbine based cycle. Pyrolysis is preferred to gasification, because the syngas obtained has a higher low heating value and produces char or tar as a by-product with an interesting energy content to be re-utilized inside the cycle. Different plant configurations are proposed and discussed through principal thermodynamic variables parametric analysis. Results show that very interesting efficiencies are obtainable in the 30–40% range for every plant scale. This fact shows how IPRP technology can provide an interesting alternative to traditional technologies, especially for the small size (below 5MW). Moreover, the IPRP technology provides a unique solution for microscale (below 500 kW) power plants, opening a new and competitive possibility for distributed biomass or waste to energy conversion systems where low environmental and social impact turns into higher interest and positive dissemination effect.

scholarly journals Flexibility of CFB Combustion: An Investigation of Co-Combustion with Biomass and RDF at Part Load in Pilot Scale

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4665
Author(s):  
Jens Peters ◽  
Jan May ◽  
Jochen Ströhle ◽  
Bernd Epple
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Hydrodynamic Conditions ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Water Steam ◽  
The Impact

Co-combustion of biomass and solid fuels from wastes in existing highly efficient power plants is a low-cost solution that can be applied quickly and with low effort to mitigate climate change. Circulating fluidized bed combustion has several advantages when it comes to co-combustion, such as high fuel flexibility. The operational flexibility of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) co-combustion is investigated in a 1 MWth pilot plant. Straw pellets and refuse-derived fuel (RDF) are co-combusted with lignite at full load and part loads. This study focusses on the impact on the hydrodynamic conditions in the fluidized bed, on the heat transfer to the water/steam side of the boiler, and on the flue gas composition. The study demonstrates the flexibility of CFB combustion for three low-rank fuels that differ greatly in their properties. The co-combustion of RDF and straw does not have a negative effect on hydrodynamic stability. How the hydrodynamic conditions determine the temperature and pressure development along the furnace height is shown. The heat transfer in the furnace linearly depends on the thermal load. It increases slightly with an increasing share of straw and the influence of the hydrodynamic conditions on the heat transfer was low.

IMPROVEMENT OF ENERGY SAVING AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN BUILDINGS AND RESIDENTIAL HOUSES IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Turatbek Kasymov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Insulating Materials ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency ◽  
State Construction ◽  
The Government

This article reviews energy consumption in the Kyrgyz Republic economy, environmental indicators and strategies to further develop the national fuel and energy system to ensure energy efficiency and energy saving. An existing situation in energy efficiency of buildings in the country is described. Secondary legislation and by-laws approved by the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic as well as several technical standards, norms, methods and guidelines approved by the order of the State Construction Agency of the Kyrgyz Republic are presented. Applying modern insulating materials are suggested as possible solutions to increase energy efficiency and energy saving. The advantages of EPS-beton in comparison with other thermal insulation materials are discussed and foreign experience of use of EPS-beton products in increasing energy efficiency of buildings is presented.

scholarly journals Preparation of Synthetic Zeolites from Coal Fly Ash by Hydrothermal Synthesis

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1267
Author(s):  
David Längauer ◽  
Vladimír Čablík ◽  
Slavomír Hredzák ◽  
Anton Zubrik ◽  
Marek Matik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Coal Combustion Products ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Silica Alumina

Large amounts of coal combustion products (as solid products of thermal power plants) with different chemical and physical properties cause serious environmental problems. Even though coal fly ash is a coal combustion product, it has a wide range of applications (e.g., in construction, metallurgy, chemical production, reclamation etc.). One of its potential uses is in zeolitization to obtain a higher added value of the product. The aim of this paper is to produce a material with sufficient textural properties used, for example, for environmental purposes (an adsorbent) and/or storage material. In practice, the coal fly ash (No. 1 and No. 2) from Czech power plants was firstly characterized in detail (X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), particle size measurement, and textural analysis), and then it was hydrothermally treated to synthetize zeolites. Different concentrations of NaOH, LiCl, Al2O3, and aqueous glass; different temperature effects (90–120 °C); and different process lengths (6–48 h) were studied. Furthermore, most of the experiments were supplemented with a crystallization phase that was run for 16 h at 50 °C. After qualitative product analysis (SEM-EDX, XRD, and textural analytics), quantitative XRD evaluation with an internal standard was used for zeolitization process evaluation. Sodalite (SOD), phillipsite (PHI), chabazite (CHA), faujasite-Na (FAU-Na), and faujasite-Ca (FAU-Ca) were obtained as the zeolite phases. The content of these zeolite phases ranged from 2.09 to 43.79%. The best conditions for the zeolite phase formation were as follows: 4 M NaOH, 4 mL 10% LiCl, liquid/solid ratio of 30:1, silica/alumina ratio change from 2:1 to 1:1, temperature of 120 °C, process time of 24 h, and a crystallization phase for 16 h at 50 °C.

scholarly journals A Model for Predicting Arsenic Volatilization during Coal Combustion Based on the Ash Fusion Temperature and Coal Characteristic

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Bo Zhao ◽  
Geng Chen ◽  
Zijiang Xiong ◽  
Linbo Qin ◽  
Wangsheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combustion Temperature ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Fusion Temperature ◽  
Equilibrium Calculation ◽  
Arsenic Distribution ◽  
Ash Fusion Temperature ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Coal Type

Arsenic emission from coal combustion power plants has attracted increasing attention due to its high toxicity. In this study, it was found that there was a close relationship between the ash fusion temperature (AFT) and arsenic distribution based on the thermodynamic equilibrium calculation. In addition to the AFT, coal characteristics and combustion temperature also considerably affected the distribution and morphology of arsenic during coal combustion. Thus, an arsenic volatilization model based on the AFT, coal type, and combustion temperature during coal combustion was developed. To test the accuracy of the model, blending coal combustion experiments were carried out. The experimental results and published data proved that the developed arsenic volatilization model can accurately predict arsenic emission during co-combustion, and the errors of the predicted value for bituminous and lignite were 2.3–9.8%, with the exception of JingLong (JL) coal when combusted at 1500 °C.

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