scholarly journals The effects of a synthetic insecticide and a mineral oil on alfalfa insect pests

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivelina Nikolova ◽  
Natalia Georgieva
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Synthetic Insecticide ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
Integrated Pest Control

The effects of the synthetic insecticide Eforia 043 ZK (thiamethoxam+lambdacyhalothrin), applied alone and at 1/5 and 2/5 reduced doses in a mix with the mineral oil Akarzin, on Tychius flavus Beck. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Adelphocoris lineolatus Goeze (Hemiptera: Miridae), Acyrthosiphon pisum Harr. (Hemiptera: Aphididae), harmful thrips (Thysanoptera) and cicadas (Hemiptera: suborder Auchenorrhyncha) were studied. The efficacy of Eforia (applied alone and in reduced doses) was significantly higher against A. pisum, followed by A. lineolatus and harmful thrips, compared to cicadas. The insecticidal action of Akarzin had a better protective effect against A. pisum, followed by A. lineolatus, in comparison with thrips and cicadas. Combined application of the broad-spectrum insecticide Eforia provided good control against insect pests. The mix of Eforia?s reduced 1/5 dose with the mineral oil showed the highest toxicity throughout the reporting period. Eforia applied at the reduced dose of 2/5 with Akarzin followed in efficacy. A synergistic effect was observed in combinations and was defined as subadditive synergism. Reduced dosage of Eforia and decrease in negative environmental impact of the plant protection products is a friendly approach to integrated pest control. It is important to apply innovative formulations of plant protection products that are safer both for plants and the environment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the characteristics of vineyard pruning residues for energy applications: effect of different copper-based treatments

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Duca ◽  
Giuseppe Toscano ◽  
Andrea Pizzi ◽  
Giorgio Rossini ◽  
Sara Fabrizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Pruning Residues ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact

The role of biomass for increasing renewable energy sources mix is considered fundamental, despite some negative environmental impact of first-generation biofuels. The use of biomass obtained in a more sustainable way, as represented by agricultural wastes, should be favoured. The Mediterranean area and Italy in particular offer a large amount of vineyard pruning residues that can be converted into bioenergy. Since vineyards are exposed to treatments based on copper (Cu) and zinc, these metals last in wood residues during pruning and accumulate in the soil. In this study an evaluation of the concentrations of copper and other heavy metals in grapevine pruning wastes, when treated with common plant protection products, was carried out. The study was also extended to the soil, being potentially mixed to the biomass in the case of mechanical collection of pruning residues. The grapevine residues free of impurities that were collected during this study have typical values of copper in pruning wood, varying from 8.5 mg kg<sup>–1</sup> when treated with low Cu product, to 19.2 mg kg<sup>–1</sup> when treated with high Cu product. It was observed that contaminations during pruning with soil could increase the amount of copper in the residues. More in detail, every percentage point of soil that winds up on pruning residues involves an increase of 1 mg of Cu every kg of biomass. For this reason, we recommend the use of appropriate systems for the harvest of grapevine residues, particularly mechanical systems that avoid soil lifting. Moreover, we suggest the use of pruning residues preferably in large-scale power plants with appropriate emission filters instead of small-scale domestic boilers.

scholarly journals Effect of the Application Date of Fertilizer Containing Silicon and Potassium on the Yield and Technological Quality of Sugar Beet Roots

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Artyszak ◽  
Dariusz Gozdowski ◽  
Alicja Siuda
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Technological Quality

Water shortage and drought are a growing problem in Europe. Therefore, effective methods for limiting its effects are necessary. At the same time, the “field to fork” strategy adopted by the European Commission aims to achieve a significant reduction in the use of plant protection products and fertilizers in the European Union. In an experiment conducted in 2018–2020, the effect of the method of foliar fertilization containing silicon and potassium on the yield and technological quality of sugar beet roots was assessed. The fertilizer was used in seven combinations, differing in the number and time of application. The best results were obtained by treating plants during drought stress. The better soil moisture for the plants, the smaller the pure sugar yield increase was observed. It is difficult to clearly state which combination of silicon and potassium foliar application is optimal, as their effects do not differ greatly.

scholarly journals The Role of Source‐sink Dynamics in the Assessment of Risk to Non‐target Arthropods from the Use of Plant Protection Products

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Lewis ◽  
Axel Dinter ◽  
Charlotte Elston ◽  
Michael Thomas Marx ◽  
Christoph Julian Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Source Sink

Measurements of the dermal exposure to bystanders from direct off‐crop drift during the application of plant protection products

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian J. Kuster ◽  
Nicola J. Hewitt ◽  
Clare Butler Ellis ◽  
Christian Timmermann ◽  
Thomas Anft
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Dermal Exposure

scholarly journals Field assessment of a pulse width modulation (PWM) spray system applying different spray volumes: duty cycle and forward speed effects on vines spray coverage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Grella ◽  
Fabrizio Gioelli ◽  
Paolo Marucco ◽  
Ingrid Zwertvaegher ◽  
Eric Mozzanini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Spray System

AbstractThe pulse width modulation (PWM) spray system is the most advanced technology to obtain variable rate spray application without varying the operative sprayer parameters (e.g. spray pressure, nozzle size). According to the precision agriculture principles, PWM is the prime technology that allows to spray the required amount where needed without varying the droplet size spectra which benefits both the uniformity of spray quality and the spray drift reduction. However, some concerns related to the effect of on–off solenoid valves and the alternating on/off action of adjacent nozzles on final uneven spray coverage (SC) have arisen. Further evaluations of PWM systems used for spraying 3D crops under field conditions are welcomed. A tower-shaped airblast sprayer equipped with a PWM was tested in a vineyard. Twelve configurations, combining duty cycles (DC: 30, 50, 70, 100%) and forward speeds (FS: 4, 6, 8 km h−1), were tested. Two methodologies, namely field-standardized and real field conditions, were adopted to evaluate the effect of DC and FS on (1) SC variability (CV%) along both the sprayer travel direction and the vertical spray profile using long water sensitive papers (WSP), and (2) SC uniformity (IU, index value) within the canopy at different depths and heights, respectively. Furthermore, the SC (%) and deposit density (Nst, no stains cm−2), determined using short WSP, were used to evaluate the spray application performances taking into account the spray volumes applied. Under field-controlled conditions, the pulsing of the PWM system affects both the SC variability measured along the sprayer travel direction and along the vertical spray profile. In contrast, under real field conditions, the PWM system does not affect the uniformity of SC measured within the canopy. The relationship between SC and Nst allowed identification of the ranges of 200–250 and 300–370 l ha−1 as the most suitable spray volumes to be applied for insecticide and fungicide plant protection products, respectively.

scholarly journals Protection possibilities of agricultural minor crops in the European Union: a case study of soybean, lupin and camelina

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Matyjaszczyk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Minor Crops ◽  
Chemical Products

Abstract In the central part of the European Union soybean, lupin and camelina are minor agricultural crops. The paper presents analysis of plant protection products availability for those crops in Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Holland, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. Data from year 2019 show that availability of products is generally insufficient. For camelina in some countries, there are no chemical products available whatsoever. For lupin and soybean, there are not always products available to control some pest groups. However, the products on the market differ significantly among the member states. The results show that in protection of soybean, lupin and camelina, no single active substance is registered for the same crop in all the analysed member states. In very numerous cases, active substance is registered in one out of eight analysed member states only.

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