scholarly journals Evaluation of the characteristics of vineyard pruning residues for energy applications: effect of different copper-based treatments

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Duca ◽  
Giuseppe Toscano ◽  
Andrea Pizzi ◽  
Giorgio Rossini ◽  
Sara Fabrizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Pruning Residues ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact

The role of biomass for increasing renewable energy sources mix is considered fundamental, despite some negative environmental impact of first-generation biofuels. The use of biomass obtained in a more sustainable way, as represented by agricultural wastes, should be favoured. The Mediterranean area and Italy in particular offer a large amount of vineyard pruning residues that can be converted into bioenergy. Since vineyards are exposed to treatments based on copper (Cu) and zinc, these metals last in wood residues during pruning and accumulate in the soil. In this study an evaluation of the concentrations of copper and other heavy metals in grapevine pruning wastes, when treated with common plant protection products, was carried out. The study was also extended to the soil, being potentially mixed to the biomass in the case of mechanical collection of pruning residues. The grapevine residues free of impurities that were collected during this study have typical values of copper in pruning wood, varying from 8.5 mg kg<sup>–1</sup> when treated with low Cu product, to 19.2 mg kg<sup>–1</sup> when treated with high Cu product. It was observed that contaminations during pruning with soil could increase the amount of copper in the residues. More in detail, every percentage point of soil that winds up on pruning residues involves an increase of 1 mg of Cu every kg of biomass. For this reason, we recommend the use of appropriate systems for the harvest of grapevine residues, particularly mechanical systems that avoid soil lifting. Moreover, we suggest the use of pruning residues preferably in large-scale power plants with appropriate emission filters instead of small-scale domestic boilers.

A Perspective on Energy Storage and Other Means to Integrate Increasing Shares of Renewable Electricity Generation

Green ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arndt Neuhaus ◽  
Frank-Detlef Drake ◽  
Gunnar Hoffmann ◽  
Friedrich Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Distributed Storage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe transition to a sustainable electricity supply from renewable energy sources (RES) imposes major technical and economic challenges upon market players and the legislator. In particular the rapid growth of volatile wind power and photovoltaic generation requires a high level of flexibility of the entire electricity system, therefore major investments in infrastructures are needed to maintain system stability. This raises the important question about the role that central large-scale energy storage and/or small-scale distributed storage (“energy storage at home”) are going to play in the energy transition. Economic analyses show that the importance of energy storage is going to be rather limited in the medium term. Especially competing options like intelligent grid extension and flexible operation of power plants are expected to remain favourable. Nonetheless additional storage capacities are required if the share of RES substantially exceeds 50% in the long term. Due to the fundamental significance of energy storages, R&D considers a broad variety of types each suitable for a specific class of application.

scholarly journals Sizing and Management of Energy Storage Systems in Large-Scale Power Plants Using Price Control and Artificial Intelligence

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3296
Author(s):  
Carlos García-Santacruz ◽  
Luis Galván ◽  
Juan M. Carrasco ◽  
Eduardo Galván
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Ancillary Services ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Electric System ◽  
Fundamental Part

Energy storage systems are expected to play a fundamental part in the integration of increasing renewable energy sources into the electric system. They are already used in power plants for different purposes, such as absorbing the effect of intermittent energy sources or providing ancillary services. For this reason, it is imperative to research managing and sizing methods that make power plants with storage viable and profitable projects. In this paper, a managing method is presented, where particle swarm optimisation is used to reach maximum profits. This method is compared to expert systems, proving that the former achieves better results, while respecting similar rules. The paper further presents a sizing method which uses the previous one to make the power plant as profitable as possible. Finally, both methods are tested through simulations to show their potential.

scholarly journals The effects of a synthetic insecticide and a mineral oil on alfalfa insect pests

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivelina Nikolova ◽  
Natalia Georgieva
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Synthetic Insecticide ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
Integrated Pest Control

The effects of the synthetic insecticide Eforia 043 ZK (thiamethoxam+lambdacyhalothrin), applied alone and at 1/5 and 2/5 reduced doses in a mix with the mineral oil Akarzin, on Tychius flavus Beck. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Adelphocoris lineolatus Goeze (Hemiptera: Miridae), Acyrthosiphon pisum Harr. (Hemiptera: Aphididae), harmful thrips (Thysanoptera) and cicadas (Hemiptera: suborder Auchenorrhyncha) were studied. The efficacy of Eforia (applied alone and in reduced doses) was significantly higher against A. pisum, followed by A. lineolatus and harmful thrips, compared to cicadas. The insecticidal action of Akarzin had a better protective effect against A. pisum, followed by A. lineolatus, in comparison with thrips and cicadas. Combined application of the broad-spectrum insecticide Eforia provided good control against insect pests. The mix of Eforia?s reduced 1/5 dose with the mineral oil showed the highest toxicity throughout the reporting period. Eforia applied at the reduced dose of 2/5 with Akarzin followed in efficacy. A synergistic effect was observed in combinations and was defined as subadditive synergism. Reduced dosage of Eforia and decrease in negative environmental impact of the plant protection products is a friendly approach to integrated pest control. It is important to apply innovative formulations of plant protection products that are safer both for plants and the environment.

scholarly journals THE TECHNOLOGY OF CO-CULTURING OF POTATOES WITH HONEY PLANTS AND PROSPECTS OF ITS TECHNICAL SUPPORT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Voiku
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
The European Union

The right way out of the crisis of the agro-based industries is the maximum use of the opportunities of scientific and technological progress and the orientation of the real economy to innovative development. One of the promising technologies of crop production is an innovative technology in potato growing, which provides for the co-culturing of potatoes with honey crops. Phacelia tanacetifolia (PhaceliatanacetifoliaBenth) is selected as honey crop, which is a valuable green manure. It allows to reduce the need for organic and mineral fertilizers, increases the ecological cleanness of products, favors the growth of potato yield, provides the additional honey yield. Phacelia significantly improves the soil structure, displacing a significant part of weeds, providing natural loosening of the soil, protection from drying out, from pests and parasites. The co-culturing of potatoes with phacelia protects the environment from the use of dangerous plant protection products. If the economic effect is defined as the difference between the profits of innovative and traditional technologies, then, according to preliminary calculations, the level of profitability of innovative technology in potato growing is 1.9 times higher, and the profit from 1 ha is 1.6 times higher compared with the traditional technology. Large-scale development of the proposed technology is hampered by the lack of potato planters and seed planters, which provide planting of potatoes and sowing seeds of honey crops simultaneously, in the Russian market and the markets of the European Union. An innovative technology - mounted seeder for potato planters was developed by the staff members of the Pskov State University. The article describes the main agro-technological requirements to this device. A general model and a kinematic scheme were developed to visualize the combination of the working elements of the potato planter and the mounted seeder. The developed model falls into the type of seed planters, which is designed to sowing in drills the seeds of honey crops (phacelia) in the furrow between potatoes at the time of the forthcoming closing of this furrow by soil, and can be used in agricultural engineering. Potential consumers of the proposed innovative technology in potato growing and the developed mounted seeder are farm enterprises and agricultural production cooperatives, which have small plots of land, use crop rotation systems in potato growing, and work for reducing costs and increasing the yield of potato cultivation.

scholarly journals Review on Power Quality Enhancement and its effects on Micro Grid

IJOSTHE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Ankeeta . ◽  
Vasant Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Power Quality ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Quality Enhancement ◽  
Reliability Of Operation ◽  
Unbalanced Loads

Power generation through the renewable energy sources has become more viable and economical than the fossil fuel based power plants. By integrating small scale distributed energy resources, microgrids are being introduced as an alternative approach in generating electrical power at distribution voltage level. The power electronic interface provides the necessary flexibility, security and reliability of operation between micro-sources and the distribution system. The presence of non-linear and the unbalanced loads in the distribution system causes power quality issues in the Microgrid system. This paper explores and reviews different control strategies developed in the literature for the power quality enhancement in microgrids.

scholarly journals Methodical approaches to energy supply with usage of renewable energy sources on objects of transport infrastructure of federal importance

2018 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 15005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Shestakov ◽  
Olga Novikova ◽  
Artem Melnichenko ◽  
Anastasia Luchnikova
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Potential Possibility ◽  
Methodological Approaches

In this article we consider the potential possibility of using renewable energy sources for the construction of transport infrastructure facilities of the Federal importance. We analyzed major promising projects for the construction of roads and bridges for the period until 2030 year, considered a step-by-step scheme for energy supply of a large facility, using the example of the Kerch bridge, and made an analysis of the potential usage of hybrid power plants based on renewable energy sources for the implementation of projects. We developed methodological approaches to the implementation of large-scale projects that would allow one to take into account not only economic efficiency, but all the positive effects that can be achieved from the project.

scholarly journals Social Preferences for Small-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants in South Korea: A Choice Experiment Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Jeong Lee ◽  
Sung-Yoon Huh ◽  
Seung-Hoon Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Preference Heterogeneity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
The South ◽  
Korean People ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Electricity Bill

To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the South Korean government plans to expand the installation of small-scale solar photovoltaic (SPV) power plants, which do not occupy large spaces and have a smaller environmental impact than large-scale SPV power plants. This article applies a choice experiment to evaluate quantitatively the value given by people to the attributes of the installation of small-scale SPV power plants. To reflect the preference heterogeneity of South Korean people, a Bayesian estimation of a mixed-logit model is successfully performed. According to the results, South Korean people consider the electricity bill, the operating body, and the installation location as being more important than other attributes. The respondents prefer small-scale SPV power plants that are located in residential areas, have a large scale of installation, are operated by a private corporation and produce electricity for self-consumption. For these attributes, the South Korean people are willing to pay an additional electricity bill of South Korean won (KRW) 4286/month, KRW 3712/kW, KRW 2885/month and KRW 3731/month, respectively. The results provide meaningful implications regarding the aspects of installation on which the government should focus. In addition, the results can be utilized in policy making and decision making related to the installation of small-scale SPV power plants.

From Megawatt to Gigawatt: New Developments in Concentrating Solar Thermal Power

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Mu¨ller-Steinhagen
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Solar Thermal Power

On October 30th 2009, a major industrial consortium initiated the so-called DESERTEC project which aims at providing by 2050 15% of the European electricity from renewable energy sources in North Africa, while at the same time securing energy, water, income and employment for this region. In the heart of this concept are solar thermal power plants which can provide affordable, reliable and dispatchable electricity. While this technology has been known for about 100 years, new developments and market introduction programs have recently triggered world-wide activities leading to the present project pipeline of 8.5 GW and 42 billion Euro. To become competitive with mid-load electricity from conventional power plants within the next 10–15 years, mass production of components, increased plant size and planning/operating experience will be accompanied by technological innovations which are presently in the development or even demonstration stage. The scale of construction, the high temperatures and the naturally transient operation provide formidable challenges for academic and industrial R&D. Experimental and theoretical research involving all mechanisms of heat transfer and fluid flow is required together with large-scale demonstration to resolve the combined challenges of performance and cost.

Development of Efficient Small Scale Axial Turbine for Solar Driven Organic Rankine Cycle

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayad Al Jubori ◽  
Raya K. Al-Dadah ◽  
Saad Mahmoud ◽  
Khalil M. Khalil ◽  
A. S. Bahr Ennil
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Axial Turbine ◽  
Working Fluids ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inlet Conditions

Recently, the increase in fossil fuel consumption and associated adverse impact on the environment led to significant interest in renewable energy sources like solar. This paper presents a new methodology that integrates the ORC cycle analysis with modeling of an efficient small scale subsonic axial turbine at low temperature heat sources using wide range of organic working fluids like R123, R134a, R141b, R152a, R245fa, R290 and isobutene. The work involves detailed turbine analysis including 1D mean line approach, extensive 3D CFD simulations and ORC cycle analysis at inlet total pressure ranging from 2–5 bar corresponding to temperature range from 275K–365K to achieve the best turbine and cycle performance. This work provides a more reliable data base for small scale organic working fluids instead of using the map of large scale gas turbine. The numerical simulation was performed using 3D RANS with SST turbulence model in ANSYS-CFX. Using iterative CFD simulations with various working fluids with subsonic inlet conditions, Mach number ranging from 0.6–0.65, results showed that using working fluid R123 for a turbine with mean diameter of 70mm, the maximum isentropic efficiency was 82% and power output 5.66 kW leading to cycle efficiency of 9.5%.

scholarly journals System Modeling and Reliability Assessment of Microgrids: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Masood Ibni Nazir ◽  
Ikhlaq Hussain ◽  
Aijaz Ahmad ◽  
Irfan Khan ◽  
Ayan Mallik
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Power System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Space Representation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
State Space Representation ◽  
Operating Modes

The world today is plagued with problems of increased transmission and distribution (T&D) losses leading to poor reliability due to power outages and an increase in the expenditure on electrical infrastructure. To address these concerns, technology has evolved to enable the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) like solar, wind, diesel and biomass energy into small scale self-governing power system zones which are known as micro-grids (MGs). A de-centralised approach for modern power grid systems has led to an increased focus on distributed energy resources and demand response. MGs act as complete power system units albeit on a small scale. However, this does not prevent them from large operational sophistication allowing their independent functioning in both grid-connected and stand-alone modes. MGs provide greater reliability as compared to the entire system owing to the large amount of information secured from the bulk system. They comprise numerous sources like solar, wind, diesel along with storage devices and converters. Several modeling schemes have been devised to reduce the handling burden of large scale systems. This paper gives a detailed review of MGs and their architecture, state space representation of wind energy conversion systems & solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, operating modes and power management in a MG and its impact on a distribution network.

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