scholarly journals Effect of antinutritional factors and extrusion at the level of cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein and testosterone in serum of broiler chickens

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1715-1726
Author(s):  
D. Beukovic ◽  
D. Ljubojevic ◽  
M. Beukovic ◽  
D. Glamocic ◽  
S. Bjedov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitors ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Set Up

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various antinutritional factors and extrusion at the level of cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein and serum testosterone in broiler chickens. The experiment was set up as four treatments with four replications, where the chickens fed diets with different soybean varieties and different way of processing. The groups were: SS-raw standard strain, SL-raw soybeans with low levels of Kunitz trypsin inhibitor, SGstandard extruded soybeans and extruded soybeans LG with low levels of trypsin inhibitors. Significantly higher cholesterol levels compared to the SS group (3,0125 mmol/l) was in SL (3,6125 mmol/l) and SG (3,8875 mmol/l) group, while in relation to the LG (3,4 mmol/l) group was higher but the difference was not significant (p> 0.05). Triglyceride level was highest in the LG group (1,6375 mmol/l), followed by SL (1,425 mmol/l) and SG (1,125 mmol/l) groups and between these three groups no statistically significant differences. The lowest level of triglycerides in the SS group and is significantly lower than in the other three groups. Total protein level was highest in the SL group and significantly higher than the SG and LG groups (p <0.05) and highly significant difference compared to the SS group. Differences between groups SS, SG and SL are not statistically significant.The experiment confirmed that in addition to Kunitz trypsin inhibitors are heat labile and other factors that influence different biochemical parameters of blood.

Mycotoxins in organically versus conventionally produced cereal grains and some other crops in temperate regions

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Brodal ◽  
I.S. Hofgaard ◽  
G.S. Eriksen ◽  
A. Bernhoft ◽  
L. Sundheim
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Mycotoxin Contamination ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Apple Products ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Difference

This paper presents peer-reviewed studies comparing the content of deoxynivalenol (DON), HT-2+T-2 toxins, zearalenone (ZEA), nivalenol (NIV), ochratoxin A (OTA) and fumonisins in cereal grains, and patulin (PAT) in apple and apple-based products, produced in organically and conventionally grown crops in temperate regions. Some of the studies are based on data from controlled field trials, however, most are farm surveys and some are food basket surveys. Almost half of the studies focused on DON in cereals. The majority of these studies found no significant difference in DON content in grain from the two farming systems, but several studies showed lower DON content in organically than in conventionally produced cereals. A number of the investigations reported low DON levels in grain, far below the EU limits for food. Many authors suggested that weather conditions, years, locations, tillage practice and crop rotation are more important for the development of DON than the type of farming. Organically produced oats contained mainly lower levels of HT-2+T-2 toxins than conventionally produced oats. Most studies on ZEA reported no differences between farming systems, or lower concentrations in organically produced grain. For the other mycotoxins in cereals, mainly low levels and no differences between the two farming systems were reported. Some studies showed higher PAT contamination in organically than in conventionally produced apple and apple products. The difference may be due to more efficient disease control in conventional orchards. It cannot be concluded that any of the two farming systems increases the risk of mycotoxin contamination. Despite no use of fungicides, an organic system appears generally able to maintain mycotoxin contamination at low levels. More systematic comparisons from scientifically controlled field trials and surveys are needed to clarify if there are differences in the risk of mycotoxin contamination between organically and conventionally produced crops.

scholarly journals Measuring serum oestradiol in women with Alzheimer's disease: the importance of the sensitivity of the assay method

2003 ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Hogervorst ◽  
J Williams ◽  
M Combrinck ◽  
A David Smith
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Robust Regression ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Sensitive Assay ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Difference

OBJECTIVE: Oestrogens could be protective against the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but reports on oestrogen levels in AD have been conflicting. DESIGN AND METHODS: A meta-analysis using robust regression was carried out to assess whether the sensitivity of the assays of past studies had affected the reported level of total oestradiol. We had also measured total oestradiol in women with AD (n=66) and controls (n=62) not using hormone replacement therapy. We used two assays for total oestradiol to assess the difference between sensitive (radioimmunoassay with a specific rabbit antibody: 3 pmol/l) and relatively insensitive (immunoassay: 37 pmol/l) assays. RESULTS: Meta-analysis using robust regression indicated that insensitive assays gave higher levels of total oestradiol when many samples fall below the level of sensitivity of the method. Earlier reports of low levels of total oestradiol in AD might be explained by this phenomenon, since total oestradiol levels (using the sensitive assay) in our controls were one third of those reported in the earlier studies. Using the sensitive assay we found that women with AD had significantly (P<0.01) higher levels (26+/-13 pmol/l) of total oestradiol than controls (21+/-13 pmol/l). Using the insensitive assay, there was no significant difference in the levels of total oestradiol. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of the assay determines the reported value of the oestradiol levels. Studies using a sensitive assay do not report significantly lower levels of total oestradiol in women with AD. This weighs against the hypothesis that low levels of total oestradiol are a risk factor for AD.

scholarly journals Investigating chemical parameters in hot dog sausages from Novi Sad market

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 385-397
Author(s):  
Nadezda Prica ◽  
Milan Baltic ◽  
Milica Zivkov-Balos ◽  
Zeljko Cupic ◽  
Zeljko Mihaljev
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
Hot Dog

Meat products play an important role in the modern diet. The production of cooked sausages comprises an important segment in the complex meat industry. Hot dogs are prepared according to production specifications and differences in the quality of products can therefore be expected. This paper presents a comparative analysis of chemical parameters in products of five different manufacturers at the Novi Sad market. Water content, fat, protein, sodium chloride, the relative protein content of connective tissue in meat protein (RCP) and ash were analyzed. The difference between the average contents of chemical quality parameters in hot dogs was examined. The average water content ranged from 56.29?3.30% to 61.44?4.08%. The average total fat content ranged from 17.60?3.07% to 20.66?4.65%. No statistically significant difference (p?0.05) was detected in the fat content of the products of manufacturers D and B, as well as C and B. Between the average fat content of the producers E and D the difference in fat content was found to be p?0.01. In all other cases, the difference between the average fat content was p?0.001. The average total protein content in hot dogs ranged from 11.77?1.08% and 15.41?1.82. No statistically significant difference (p?0.05) was detected between the average total protein content in hot dogs of manufacturers A and C. Between the average protein content of D and E meat manufacturers the statistically significant difference had a value of p?0.01, and the average protein content in hot dogs of all other manufacturers had a significant difference (p?0.001). The total protein content in all five manufacturers of hot dogs met the prescribed standard (10%). RCP content in the hot dogs of different producers ranged from 17.34?0.95% to 22.33?2.08%. No statistically significant difference (p?0.05) was detected in the average contents of RCP in hot dogs of manufacturers D and E and A and B. but a statistically significant difference was detected (p?0.001). between the average content of RCP in all other manufacturers of hot dogs. The average chloride content in hot dogs from different manufacturers ranged from 1.30?0.10% to 2.55%?0.16%. The average ash content in different hot dog producers ranged from 1.99?0.18% to 3.46?0.22%. The average content of chloride and ash in all five manufacturers was significantly different.

scholarly journals Blood metabolites and carcass characteristics of West African dwarf goats fed bread waste and Moringa oleifera leaf

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-240
Author(s):  
S. K. Ayandiran ◽  
S. M. Odeyinka ◽  
J. A. Odedire
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference

The study evaluated the blood metabolites and carcass quality of WAD goats fed bread waste and Moringa oleifera leaf. The goats (n=20, 6-7 months old) were allotted to four treatments (5 goats per treatment) in a completely randomized design. The experiment lasted twenty weeks. Bread waste and Moringa oleifera were used to replace Corn bran and Brewer's dried grain (w/w) in the compounded concentrate diets at 0, 25, 50 and 100% to form treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The goats fed diets T2, T3 and T4 had lower (P < 0.05) cholesterol levels (52.83, 45.11, and 33.69 mg/dL, respectively) than T1 (54.89 mg/dL). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) among the means of the hematological indices across the treatments. However, the total protein of goats fed diets T2, T3 and T4 were higher (P < 0.05) than those on T1. The serum metabolite of the experimental goats indicated no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the albumin, (AST) and a (ALP) contents while the total protein of goats fed diets T2, T3 and T4 (6.37, 6.39 and 6.53 g/dL respectively) were higher (P < 0.05) than T1 (4.66). The hot carcass weights of goats fed diets T4 (4.56 kg) and T3 (4.45 kg) were higher (P < 0.05) than those on diets T2 (4.21 kg) and T1 (4.01kg) whereas there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the aspartate aminotransferase lkaline phosphate dressing percentage and head weight. The goats fed diet T1 had highest (P < 0.05) value for the lungs, kidney and spleen weight when compared to diets T2, T3 and T4. It could be concluded that inclusion of bread waste and Moringa oleifera leaf in diet of WAD goats reduced blood cholesterol level, enhanced flesh deposition in the carcass and impacted no

Genetic and environmental effects on a temperament score in beef cattle

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Hearnshaw ◽  
CA Morris
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
New South ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Difference

Temperament scores were taken on 8-month-old calves from five calf drops (1976-80) and over three sections of a large crossbreeding trial on the North Coast of New South Wales. A 0-5 scale was used, with lower values for quieter cattle. The heritability �s.e. of temperament score of Bos taurus calves (sired by Hereford, Simmental and Friesian bulls) was 0.03�0.28, and for B. indicus-sired calves (Brahman, Braford and Africander bulls) 0.46�0.37, and for all data combined 0.44�0.25. There was a significant difference (P < 0.01) between the mean score of Brahman-sired halfbred calves (1.96) and B. taurus-sired calves (1.05). The difference was halved to 0.45 points for quarterbred Brahman calves versus B. taurus calves, i.e. as expected for an additive trait. There were significant differences in temperament among calves sired by B. indicus bulls, but there were no significant differences amongst the B. taurus sire breeds. The repeatability (mean � s.e.) of operators' score of 701 weaner calves was 0.67�0.08. From temperament scores of 315 cows at weaning in 1981, an operator repeatability of 0.82�0.08 was obtained. Correlations of cow and calf score were not consistent, but averaged 0.18�0.04 from 547 records. The repeatability of scores taken at two separate times on 132 calves, was 0.43�0.09. The group given a medium level of nutrition had significantly higher temperament scores than those given high or low levels. Sex effects were not significant on scores at weaning. A log transformation of the data equalized the variance of scores of different breeds, but did not affect the conclusions.

197 The Effect of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist on Superovulation and Estrous Synchronization in Female Sprague Dawley Rat

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Y.-K. Jin ◽  
H.-S. Bae ◽  
J.-Y. Lee ◽  
S.-Y. Yum ◽  
K.-M. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Estrous Synchronization ◽  
Injection Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Set Up

A large number of oocytes and adequate recipient conditions are required to produce genetically modified rats by embryo transfer. In this study, we investigated the effect of a synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist, buserelin, on (1) superovulatory response in donor rats, and (2) oestrous cycle synchrony in recipient female Sprague Dawley rats at 8 weeks of age. First, for superovulation, donors were divided into 2 groups: control and buserelin injection group (42 μg mL−1). Superovulation was performed in both groups by injection of pregnant mare’s serum gonadotropin (PMSG, 150 IU) at Day −3 and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, 150 IU) at Day −1 (Day 0 = oocyte collection). In addition, the buserelin group was given 42 μg mL−1 buserelin on Day −4. Oviduct and ampulla were removed surgically to collect the oocytes. As results, more ovulations were detected in the 42 μg mL−1 buserelin group (6.18 ± 1.10 oocyte/rat, n = 240) than in the control group (5.06 ± 0.82 oocyte/rat; n = 124; t-test P = 0.038). Second, 2 groups were set up to investigate the effect of administration of buserelin on synchronizing the oestrus cycle of recipients. Because the oestrous cycle of the rat was 4 to 5 days, we examined the difference of vaginal impedance between the 2 groups on Day 4 after injection and checked whether there was a significant difference in the synchronization of the oestrous cycle. An impedance value >3.0 kΩ was considered as an indication for proestrus stage; therefore, we analysed the data >3.0 kΩ in both groups. In results, the incidence of proestrus was significantly increased in buserelin injection group (n = 128) than in the control group (n = 70). In addition, there was a significant difference in mean impedance in the 2 groups (buserelin injection group: 4.25 ± 3.79 kΩ; control group: 1.43 ± 1.20 kΩ; P < 0.005). In conclusion, administration of 42 μg mL−1 buserelin had a beneficial effect on oocyte ovulation and oestrous synchronization, and it will be usefully applied in the production of transgenic rats.

scholarly journals PO-081 Overtraining results in abnormality of renal silt diaphragm in rats with persistent proteinuria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanlong Niu ◽  
Jianmin Cao ◽  
Haitao Zhou ◽  
Hui Cao
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Persistent Proteinuria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Foot Process ◽  
Exercise Induced

Objective Silt diaphragm is the most important and bioactive membrane structure in the filtration barrier of kidney, and the root cause of proteinuria is the structural and functional abnormalities of Silt diaphragm. So far, there is little literature on the changes of silt diaphragm caused by overtraining. This research establishes a model of rats with exercise-induced proteinuria with long-term intensitive treadmill exercise, and it simulates the progressive-load training in the cycle of athletes. Histological and ultrastructural changes of kidney immediately and 24 h after exercise are observed, and it aims to analyze the change law of silt diaphragm during the occurrence of persistent proteinuria. Methods this study selects 36 Sprague-Dawley rats, which are randomly divided into 3 groups: a control group (group C, 12), a group drawn immediately after exercise(group EI, 12), a group drawn 24 h after exercise(group EA, 12). Group C does not train. The rats in group EI and EA train on the treadmill with an increasing load for 6 weeks(10% grade, 6 d/w): in the first week, the rats run for 10 min at 10 m/min. Starting from the second week, the running speed increases by 5m/min/w, and the training time increases by 30min/w. In the last week the rats run to exhaustion if they could not maintain the target intensity. Record the exhausting time of rats, then group EI and group EA are respectively drawn immediately and 24 hours after exercise. Observe the histological changes of  renal glomerulus by optical microscope, and the ultrastructure of silt diaphragm by TEM. Detect urine total protein by BCA, serum and urine creatinine by Jaffe, serum testosterone and corticosterone by radioimmunoassay, serum urea by two-point dynamic method, and the expression of Nephrin by western-blot. Results The rats in group EI and EA gradually lose weight at the first weekend of training, and their weight drop significantly from the third weekend to the end, it shows a significant difference compared with group C(p<0.01). There is no significant difference between the exercise group. Glomerular morphology, group C: The structure of glomerulus is compact, the boundary between vascular sphere and  the wall of capsule is obvious, and the distribution of erythrocytes in vessels is regular; Group EI: The thickness of glomerulus membrane is uneven, the structure of the podocyte is incomplete, part of the foot process is fused, and SD is discontinuous; Group EA: Part of the glomerular endodermis is abnormal, part of the foot process is fused, detached, and unevenly distributed, and SD is discontinuous. Total protein/ creatinine in urine of rats 30 min and 24 h after exercise is significantly higher than that of group C(p<0.01), and group EA is slightly retuned and lower than group EI(p<0.05). Compared with group C, Serum Testosterone/Corticosterone of rats in group EI and EA is significantly decreased, and there is a significant difference (p<0.01). However, there is a significant decrease in EA group but it is still significantly lower than group EI(p<0.01). Serum corticosterone is significanty decreased in group EI and EA, and there is a significant difference (p<0.01), while group EA is significantly decreased but still significantly lower than that in group EI(p<0.01). Serum urea and espression of Nephrin are significantly decreased in group EI and EA(p<0.01), but there are no significant difference between group EI and EA(p>0.05). Conclusions The rats suffer from overtraining syndrome caused by intensitive training, and with persistent proteinuria, their renal function is disordered and cannot be effectively recovered after 24 h rest. Meanwhile, the renal morphology and ultrastructure of silt diaphragm in rats undergo "pathogenical-like" changes, which do not significantly decrease with the extension of recovery time. It is revealed that the injury of renal structure and ultrastructure of silt diaphragm caused by overtraining are the structural basis of continuous exercise-induced proteinuria.

Thermally induced stress revealed behavioral, hormonaland histological disturbances in mice model

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Genlin ◽  
Shahar Bano Memon ◽  
Li Lian ◽  
Javaid Ali Gadahi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Hormone Level ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Levels

Behavioral, hormonal and histological changes caused by heat stress at 30 and 40oC were studied in mice model. As a result, obnoxious activities like restlessness and hyperactivity were observed. Rectal temperature was significantly increased at 40oC as well as the increase in water intake, whereas, the feed intake remained consistent. Body weight significantly decreased at 40oC. Serum testosterone has shown a decrease in both groups. At day 7 of the treatment, low levels of growth hormone were recorded whereas no significant difference was recorded at day 15. Adrenocorticotropic hormone level was significantly decreased in both groups at day 7. Shrinking of the seminiferous tubules with irregular appearance containing less spermatozoa was also observed at 40oC. Testicular degeneration and atrophy of leydig cells were also observed. Finally, we concluded that heat stress adversely affects the male reproductive functions along with hormonal imbalances and decline in the spermatogenesis.

scholarly journals Mood, Disability, and Quality of Life among a Subgroup of Rheumatoid Arthritis Individuals with Experiential Avoidance and Anxiety Sensitivity

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mehta ◽  
D. Rice ◽  
S. Janzen ◽  
J. E. Pope ◽  
M. Harth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Experiential Avoidance ◽  
Cluster Membership ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cluster 2

Objective.The current study aimed to identify and characterize distinct RA subgroups based on their level of EA and AS and compares the difference among the subgroups in mood, disability, and quality of life.Methods.Individuals with chronic pain for at least 3 months were recruited from an academic rheumatoid clinic. Participants were assessed for demographic, psychosocial, and personality measures. A two-step cluster analysis was conducted to identify distinct subgroups of patients. Differences in clinical outcomes were compared using the Multivariate ANOVA based on cluster membership.Results.From a total of 223 participants, three distinct subgroups were formed based on cluster analysis. Cluster 1 (N=78) included those with low levels of both EA and AS. Cluster 2 (N=81) consisted of individuals with moderate levels of EA and low levels AS. Cluster 3 (N=64) included those with moderate levels of EA and high AS. Compared to those in Cluster 1, those in Cluster 3 had significantly higher levels of mood impairment and disability and lower quality of life (p<0.05). Significantly lower levels of mood impairment were seen in Cluster 1 compared to Cluster 2 (p<0.05). However, no significant difference in disability or quality of life was seen between the two groups.Conclusions.The three subgroups differed significantly in levels of impairment in mood, disability, and quality of life. However, levels of EA had a greater impact on disability and quality of life than AS.

Critical barriers to augmented reality technology adoption in developing countries: a case study of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayodeji Emmanuel Oke ◽  
Victor Adetunji Arowoiya
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Augmented Reality Technology ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Set Up

Purpose The paper aims to identify the critical barriers to augmented reality technology (ART) in the Nigerian construction industry to allow wider adoption. The objectives are to reveal those hindrances to the wider usage of ART so that the obstacles can be tackled and overcome. Design/methodology/approach A survey of construction professionals involved in the built environment was sent well-structured questionnaires in the study area. The professionals involved are quantity surveyors, architects, engineers, project managers and builders. Convenience sampling techniques were used in selecting those professionals. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing the retrieved data. Findings The most ranked obstacles in adopting augmented realities are lack of technological awareness, difficulty in ease of ART system set up, the unwillingness of government and private bodies to invest in augmented reality research, lack of repository database, lack of portability for ART equipment system. The findings also revealed the difference in the opinions of professionals among the variables. The results showed that there is a significant difference in the opinions of respondents regarding 6 of the identified 15 variables. Originality/value The study gives deep insight into possible hindrances in the use of emerging technologies such as ART in construction. This study also enumerated some ways how these challenges can be tackled and solved in the Nigerian construction industry for better adoption and performance.

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