Thermally induced stress revealed behavioral, hormonaland histological disturbances in mice model

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Genlin ◽  
Shahar Bano Memon ◽  
Li Lian ◽  
Javaid Ali Gadahi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Hormone Level ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Levels

Behavioral, hormonal and histological changes caused by heat stress at 30 and 40oC were studied in mice model. As a result, obnoxious activities like restlessness and hyperactivity were observed. Rectal temperature was significantly increased at 40oC as well as the increase in water intake, whereas, the feed intake remained consistent. Body weight significantly decreased at 40oC. Serum testosterone has shown a decrease in both groups. At day 7 of the treatment, low levels of growth hormone were recorded whereas no significant difference was recorded at day 15. Adrenocorticotropic hormone level was significantly decreased in both groups at day 7. Shrinking of the seminiferous tubules with irregular appearance containing less spermatozoa was also observed at 40oC. Testicular degeneration and atrophy of leydig cells were also observed. Finally, we concluded that heat stress adversely affects the male reproductive functions along with hormonal imbalances and decline in the spermatogenesis.

Carcinoma of the Horn in a Cryptorchid Bull

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Naik ◽  
H.P. Randelia ◽  
R.D Dabholkar
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Coagulative Necrosis ◽  
Significant Difference

The first histologically confirmed case of carcinoma of the horn in a bilaterally cryptorchid Malvi bull, detected during an epidemiological survey, is reported. Examinations of 78,024 bullocks and 1,468 bulls, belonging to 7 different Zebu breeds revealed horn cancer in 793 bullocks and 1 cryptorchid bull but not in a normal bull. Histologically cryptorchid testes were devoid of spermatogenesis and had hyperplasia of Leydig cells. The remnant of castrated testes had only seminiferous tubules with coagulative necrosis and were devoid of spermatogenesis and Leydig cells. The significant difference in the incidence of HC in bullocks and cows and its absence in bulls is discussed in the light of the role of hormone in the causation of HC.

scholarly journals Histological and immunohistochemical study of cyclophosphamide effect on adult rat testis

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoda H. Anan ◽  
Nashwa S. Wahba ◽  
Maha A. Abdallah ◽  
Dalia A. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Fibrous Sheath ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Reduced Height

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Nowadays, cyclophosphamide is widely used as anticancer and immunosuppressive agent in various drug regimens in many diseases and in young and old age. The aim of this research is to study the possible histological changes that may occur in the testes of adult male albino rats as a result of chronic exposure to cyclophosphamide and the prognosis of this effect.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Thirty healthy adult male albino rats were used in this study.  They were equally divided into three groups; a control, an experimental and a withdrawal groups. The Animals of the experimental group were treated with daily dose of 5 mg/ kg cyclophosphamide orally for successive 28 days. Animals of the withdrawal group were left without treatment and sacrificed after 28 days from the last dose of cyclophosphamide.  At the time of sacrifice, all animals were anesthetized by ether inhalation and their testes were dissected out carefully and processed for light and electron microscope examinations<span lang="EN-IN">. </span><span lang="EN-IN"> </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Testes of the cyclophosphamide treated group revealed presence of many distorted shrunken seminiferous tubules which appeared with marked reduction in the thickness of the epithelium and wide lumina. Many germ cells with deeply stained nuclei, giant cells in mitosis and intracellular vacuoles were observed. Cross sections in mid pieces of sperms showed marked affection of axoneme, fibrous sheath and mitochondrial sheath. The cytoplasm of the Leydig cells contained mitochondria, dilated SER, Golgi cisternae and RER. Testes of the withdrawal group showed that the seminiferous tubules still had reduced height of their epithelium with wide intercellular spaces. Abnormal stratification and destructed germinal epithelium were evident with desquamated germ cells. Cross sections of mid pieces of the sperms showed distorted axoneme and swollen mitochondrial sheath. The cytoplasm of leydig cells contained many electron dense granules, RER, many dilated SER and mitochondria.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Chronic cyclophosphamide treatment not only produced serious histological changes of the testis but also in its serological parameter. These changes persisted after cessation of cyclophosphamide administration which indicates the cumulative irreversible toxic effect of cyclophosphamide. So, it is advisable to avoid the usage of cyclophosphamide as possible especially in young patients<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"> </p>

scholarly journals The Potential of Pasak Bumi as a Food Supplement to Improve Spermatogenesis in Mice Model of Malnutrition

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Ida Yuliana ◽  
Triawanti Triawanti ◽  
Didik Dwi Sanyoto ◽  
Husnul Khatimah ◽  
Asnawati Asnawati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Observational Method ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Binocular Microscope

Malnutrition causes disruption of spermatogenesis in children. Pasak Bumi has the potential to increase spermatogenesis due to malnutrition. Aimed of research is to proved Pasak Bumi as a food supplement to improve spermatogenesis disorders due to malnutrition in malnourished rats. The research method used analytical observational method by observing the histological preparations of the testes of malnourished rats. Observations using a binocular microscope were analyzed with Optilab Camera and Image Raster software. There are 5 groups of experimental: M: malnutrition without intervention; P1: malnutrition + standard feed + PB 7.5 mg/kgBW; P2: malnutrition + standard feed + PB 15 mg/kgBW; P3: malnutrition + standard feed + PB 22.5 mg/kgBW; P4: malnutrition + standard feed + PB 30 mg/kgBW; Research parameters were number of seminiferous tubules, primary spermatocytes and Leydig cells. Data analysis used the Anova One way test with a confidence level of 95%. The results showed number of seminiferous tubules, primary spermatocytes and Leydig cells in the M group was less than the P1-P4 group. This suggests malnutrition causes disruption of spermatogenesis. Conclusion the administration of Pasak Bumi extract at various doses increased spermatogenesis in malnourished.

scholarly journals Effect of antinutritional factors and extrusion at the level of cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein and testosterone in serum of broiler chickens

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1715-1726
Author(s):  
D. Beukovic ◽  
D. Ljubojevic ◽  
M. Beukovic ◽  
D. Glamocic ◽  
S. Bjedov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitors ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Set Up

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various antinutritional factors and extrusion at the level of cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein and serum testosterone in broiler chickens. The experiment was set up as four treatments with four replications, where the chickens fed diets with different soybean varieties and different way of processing. The groups were: SS-raw standard strain, SL-raw soybeans with low levels of Kunitz trypsin inhibitor, SGstandard extruded soybeans and extruded soybeans LG with low levels of trypsin inhibitors. Significantly higher cholesterol levels compared to the SS group (3,0125 mmol/l) was in SL (3,6125 mmol/l) and SG (3,8875 mmol/l) group, while in relation to the LG (3,4 mmol/l) group was higher but the difference was not significant (p> 0.05). Triglyceride level was highest in the LG group (1,6375 mmol/l), followed by SL (1,425 mmol/l) and SG (1,125 mmol/l) groups and between these three groups no statistically significant differences. The lowest level of triglycerides in the SS group and is significantly lower than in the other three groups. Total protein level was highest in the SL group and significantly higher than the SG and LG groups (p <0.05) and highly significant difference compared to the SS group. Differences between groups SS, SG and SL are not statistically significant.The experiment confirmed that in addition to Kunitz trypsin inhibitors are heat labile and other factors that influence different biochemical parameters of blood.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ERYTHROPOIETIN ADMINISTRATION ON THE AMOUNT OF SPERMATOGONIUM, SERTOLI CELL, AND LEYDIG CELL ON RATS TESTIS (WISTAR STRAIN) AFTER VAS DEFERENS LIGATION RELEASED

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Surya Negara ◽  
Soetojo Soetojo ◽  
Doddy M Soebadi
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Release Group

Objective: To determine the effect of Erythropoietin (EPO) on the number of spermatogonia, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells in white rats wistar strain testis after the release of ligation vas deferens. Material & Methods: Twenty-four Wistar strain rats were grouped into 4 groups. The control group only performed an orchiectomy for testicular examination, ligation group vas deferens only, group performed release ligation of vas deferens, and group performed release ligation of vas deferens and given EPO injection with dose of 1000 iu/kg BW intraperitoneally for 1 week (3x/week). Observation of spermatogonium, Sertoli cells and Leydig cells by counting the amount on the 5 cross sections of the seminiferous tubules using a 400x light magnification microscope with Haematoxylin Eosin staining. Results: Ligation of vas deferens can significantly decreased the number of spermatogonia and Sertoli cells (p<0.05). In Leydig cells there was no significant difference in numbers after ligation of vas deferens (p>0.05). Release of vas deferens ligation turned out to be no significant amount difference in spermatogonia, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells with ligation of vas deferens group. Similarly, the treatment of ligation vas deferens release and an EPO injection for 1 week was also no significant difference in number compared to the ligation release group of vas deferens. Conclusion: The number of Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and spermatogonia in the ligation release group of vas deferens and given EPO for 1 week had the same number with the ligation release group vas deferens.

437. Whole body heat stress induces selective germ cell apoptosis in mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wechalekar ◽  
B. P. Setchell ◽  
W. G. Breed ◽  
M. Ricci ◽  
C. Leigh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Whole Body Heat Stress ◽  
Body Heat

Introduction: In scrotal mammals, heat stress (43°C/ 20 min) to the scrotum results in germ cell death in the testes1, abnormal spermatozoa, and infertility2 whereas two days of whole body heating (36°C, 12 h/ day) reduces testes weight, sperm numbers and fertility3. The aim of the present study was to determine the intratesticular effects of whole body heating on germ cell maturation and apoptosis. Methods: C57BL/6 mice (n = 16) were housed at 37–38°C for 8 h/ day for 3 days while controls (n = 4) were kept at 23–24°C. Animals from heat treated (n = 4), and control groups (n = 1) were sacrificed at 16 h, 7, 14 and 21 days post exposure to heat. Testes were weighed and analysed by t-test. In testes from each animal, two sections 70µm apart were end labelled for TdT-mediated-dUTP nick (TUNEL). Apoptosis was determined in 200 seminiferous tubules by a colour threshold set in the particle analysis program (Olympus).The tubules were staged as I-VI (early), VII-VIII, IX-X and XI-XII (late) and results analysed using Wilcoxon test. Results: The weights of testes were significantly reduced in heat-treated animals (P < 0.05) at 16 h, 7 and 14 days with no significant difference at 21 days. Apoptosis was significantly higher in the heat-treated group in stages I-VI and XI-XII at 16 h, 7 and 14 days (P < 0.05). In addition, in stages VII-VIII and IX-X apoptosis was significantly higher at 16 h (P < 0.05) with no statistical difference between other time intervals. By day 21, the levels of apoptosis did not differ significantly from the controls in any of the stages (P > 0.05).Conclusion: Whole body heat stress can induce stage and cell specific degeneration of the germ cells in the seminiferous epithelium. The germ cells undergoing apoptosis are spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes and early spermatids. In addition, heat stress produces significant apoptosis of germ cells in the hormone dependent stages VII-VIII immediately after heat stress. (1) Rockett, J.C. et al. (2001) Biol. Reprod. 65:229–239. (2) Banks, S. et al. (2005) Reproduction 129:505–514. (3) Yaeram, J. et al. (2006) Reprod. Fert. Dev. 18:647–653.

Sterilization of Male Dogs by Intra-testicular Administration of Calcium Chloride Solution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tushar Thakre ◽  
S.N. Shukla ◽  
Aditya Mishra ◽  
Nidhi Gupta ◽  
Pratyush Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Calcium Chloride Solution ◽  
Treatment Result ◽  
Serum Testosterone Level ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Group I ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Chemical castration is one of the methods of non surgical contraception which has been suggested as a fast and low cost alternative to control a wide range of canine population.Methods: The potency of intra-testicular 20% calcium chloride solution was tested in 12 fertile, healthy and stray adult male dogs. Dogs were divided randomly into two groups, consisting six animals in each. The animals of group-I were administered intra-testicular 1.0 ml of 20% calcium chloride solution. Bilateral intra-testicular injection was performed using 21 gauge needle directed from the caudo-ventral aspect of each testis approximately 1 cm from the cauda epididymis and towards the dorso-cranial aspect of testis as per the procedure adopted by Jana and Samanta (2007). In group-II, 1.0 ml of normal saline was injected intra-testicular as placebo. Its efficacy was assessed by testicular morphometry, scrotal circumference (on day 0, 7, 15 and 30), histo-morphology (on day 0 and 30) and serum testosterone assay (on day 0, 15 and 30 of treatment).Result: The testicular morphometry of both the testicles was found to be increased size of testes significantly on day 7 in the treatment group as compared to day 0 and then decreased gradually and significantly on day 15 and 30. Histo-morphological study revealed significant changes including complete derangement of seminiferous tubules on day 30 post-treatment. Out of six animals the testes of four animals represented complete destruction of outline of seminiferous tubules. The germinal epithelium and Leydig cells were degenerated and parenchyma was replaced by fibro-collagenous tissue which was evident by the presence of numerous fibrocytes and fibroblast. There was no evidence of mature germ cells in section of both the testes. In some areas small blood capillaries were observed which may indicate neo-vascularisation. Discrete inflammatory infiltration of leucocytes was also observed in the parenchyma. Decrease in serum testosterone level after the end of study, i.e., day 30 indicated degeneration of Leydig cells. It can be concluded that 20% calcium chloride solution has a potential for testicular degeneration and thus sterilization of male dogs.

Effects of recombinant human FSH in immature hypophysectomized male rats: evidence for Leydig cell-mediated action on spermatogenesis

1994 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Matikainen ◽  
J Toppari ◽  
K K Vihko ◽  
I Huhtaniemi
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
First Time ◽  
Recombinant Human Fsh

Abstract The mode of FSH actions within the testis was studied in immature hypophysectomized male rats by treatment with recombinant human FSH (recFSH, Org 32489). To elucidate the involvement of Leydig cells and androgens in the maintenance of spermatogenesis in FSH-treated hypophysectomized rats further, the recFSH treatment was given both alone and after destruction of Leydig cells with ethane-1,2-dimethane sulphonate (EDS). Three days after hypophysectomy (at 31 days of age) the rats were given one i.p. injection of vehicle or EDS and, 4 days later, they were implanted with osmotic minipumps releasing either 0·9% (w/v) NaCl or 1 IU recFSH/day. Recombinant FSH alone increased testicular weights 2·5-fold in 7 days (P<0·01). The effect of FSH was similar in EDS-pretreated rats (P<0·01). Testicular testosterone increased from 6·5 ± 1·6 to 16·9 ± 5·3 (s.e.m.) pmol/g tissue (P<0·05) and serum testosterone from 0·12 ± 0·02 to 0·22 ± 0·03 nmol/l (P<0·05) when the rats were treated with recFSH. EDS alone did not affect testicular testosterone but, when combined with recFSH, it totally abolished the stimulatory effect of FSH on testosterone. Testicular binding of 125I-labelled iodo human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and 125I-labelled iodo recFSH was increased 2·5- and 2·1-fold respectively with recFSH treatment (P<0·01). EDS, either alone or with FSH, abolished specific testicular hCG binding (P<0·01), but had no effect on that of recFSH. However, FSH increased its own receptors only in animals not treated with EDS. Histological analysis of the testes revealed that the diameters of the seminiferous tubules increased from 115 ± 6·1 to 160 ± 7·2 μm (P<0·05) with recFSH, and a comparable increase was observed when EDS treatment preceded that of recFSH (143 ± 1·5 μm, P<0·05 vs. controls). Quantification of the spermatogenic cells indicated that recFSH supported the progression of spermatogenesis, as shown by increased number of meiotic and haploid spermatogenic cells (P<0·05). In all EDS-treated animals, spermatogenesis was severely disturbed and only a few spermatids were seen. In conclusion: (1) these results further support the suggestion that FSH has indirect stimulatory effects on Leydig cell function, (2) the completion of meiosis and spermiogenesis are supported by FSH, the effect of which is enhanced by the presence of Leydig cells, suggesting its dependence on androgens, and (3) we show for the first time that FSH is able to stimulate its own receptors only in the presence of Leydig cell-derived factors, probably androgens. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 141, 449–457

Histomorphological studies on the testis of local pig (Zovawk) of Mizoram

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th. Shitarjit Singh ◽  
Pranab Chandra Kalita ◽  
Om Prakash Choudhary ◽  
Arup Kalita ◽  
Probal Jyoti Doley
Keyword(s):  
Seminiferous Tubule ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Left Testicle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Testicular Capsule

The present study was designed to elucidate the histomorphology of the testis of adult Zovawk. In the present study, the collagen and reticular fibres were abundant in tunica albuginea and interstitial tissue surrounding the seminiferous tubules. However, few elastic fibers occurred in the capsule and only in the blood vessels of both the testis in Zovawk. The different micrometrical values with regard to thickness of testicular capsule, diameter of seminiferous tubule, height of seminiferous tubule, number of leydig cells, spermatogonia, germs cells per mm2 were found to be higher in the left testicle as compared to right one. There was no-significant difference observed in the right and left testes of Zovawk.

scholarly journals Histological Changes of the Testicular Interstitium during Postnatal Development in Microminipigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-482
Author(s):  
Akihisa Kangawa ◽  
Masayoshi Otake ◽  
Satoko Enya ◽  
Toshinori Yoshida ◽  
Masatoshi Shibata
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Testosterone Levels

Microminipigs have become an attractive animal model for the toxicology- and pharmacology-related studies because of their manageable size. In this study, the development of the testicular interstitium and steroidogenesis in microminipigs, from 0 to 12 months of age, were investigated. Testicular interstitium was mostly composed of two types of Leydig cells (large and small Leydig cells) and a few macrophages and mast cells. Large Leydig cells were observed in the peritubular area throughout all the ages. Small Leydig cells were present in the interlobular and subcapsular areas at an early age and then gradually converted into large Leydig cells. Testicular composition of the Leydig cells began to increase after 3 months of age, when spermatogenesis was completed, and reached approximately 35% at 12 months. Steroidogenic enzymes in Leydig cells were detected by immunohistochemistry from 0 month of age. Serum testosterone levels increased substantially from 1.5 to 4.5 months of age, which coincided well with the age of sexual development previously reported in microminipigs. Because the interstitial space of the testis has dramatic variations between species, the basic information obtained in the present study will be a useful reference for all the future toxicity evaluations in microminipigs.

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