scholarly journals Characteristics of Imaging Plates as a Two-Dimensional Detector for Short-Wavelength Lasers.

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 734-745
Author(s):  
Kou KUROSAWA ◽  
Masahito KATTO ◽  
Yasuo TAKIGAWA ◽  
Wataru SASAKI
Keyword(s):  
Short Wavelength ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Imaging Plates

Visualization of nutrient translocation in ectomycorrhizal symbioses

Botany ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingyun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Nutrient Translocation ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Ecm Fungi ◽  
Autoradiographic Technique ◽  
Imaging Plates ◽  
Digital Time

Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi receive photosynthetically fixed carbon from the host tree and, in return, supply nutrients such as phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) from the soil. An ECM symbiosis system in a two-dimensional, soil-free rhizobox was developed to visualize nutrient translocation during ECM symbioses using a digital, time-course autoradiographic technique with imaging plates. Several studies using 14C and 33P radioisotope tracing experiments are discussed to demonstrate the translocation of 33P-phosphoric acid and photosynthetically fixed carbon between fungi and host trees and between mycelia via mycelia anastomosis. Additionally, novel techniques that can visualize nutrient translocation during mycorrhizal symbioses are discussed.

scholarly journals Use of Imaging Plates in X-Ray Analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 89-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ermrich ◽  
F. Hahn ◽  
E. R. Wölfel
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Polycrystalline Materials ◽  
Imaging Plate ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Imaging Plates

Two-dimensional detectors have opened a new area for the investigation of both single crystals and polycrystalline materials. The working principle of Imaging Plates is described. Some characteristics and the advantages of an Imaging Plate are discussed using the STOE Imaging Plate Diffraction System for different kinds of X-ray analysis: (i) single crystal diffractometry, (ii) powder diffraction and (iii) stress and texture investigations.

Design of a Three-Axis Surface Encoder with a Blue-Ray Laser Diode

2012 ◽  
Vol 523-524 ◽  
pp. 913-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Hui Li ◽  
Yuki Shimizu ◽  
Hiroshi Muto ◽  
So Ito ◽  
Wei Gao
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Laser Diode ◽  
Short Wavelength ◽  
Path Difference ◽  
Compact Surface ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Light Path ◽  
Basic Measurement ◽  
Interference Signals ◽  
Measurement Principle

A compact optical three-axis surface encoder, which can detect displacements in the XYZ-directions simultaneously by employing a scale grating with a short pitch (0.57 μm) and a single laser beam with a short wavelength (405 nm), is described in this paper. This surface encoder mainly consists of a blue-ray laser diode, a pair of two-dimensional diffractive gratings serving as scale grating and reference grating, respectively, and two quarter photodiodes (QPD) utilized for detecting output optical density. The displacements of the scale grating along X-, Y- and Z-directions are measured by analyzing interference signals caused by the phase shifts and light path difference of diffracted beams from the scale grating and reference grating. Basic measurement principle is illuminated, a compact surface encoder is designed and evaluation experiments are carried out.

Global instability in the onset of transonic-wing buffet

2019 ◽  
Vol 881 ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Crouch ◽  
A. Garbaruk ◽  
M. Strelets
Keyword(s):  
Shear Layer ◽  
Short Wavelength ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Oscillatory Mode ◽  
Flow Structures ◽  
Structure Characteristic ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Swept Wing ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Wing Chord

Global stability analysis is used to analyse the onset of transonic buffet on infinite swept and unswept wings. This high-Reynolds-number flow is governed by the unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations. The analysis generalizes earlier studies focused on two-dimensional airfoils. For the unswept wing, results show spanwise-periodic stationary modes in addition to the earlier-observed oscillatory mode. The oscillatory mode is nominally two-dimensional with a spanwise wavelength greater than ten wing chords. The stationary modes of instability exist over two bands of spanwise wavelengths centred around an intermediate wavelength of one wing chord, and around a short wavelength of one tenth of a wing chord. The intermediate-wavelength modes have a flow structure characteristic of airfoil buffeting modes, concentrated at the shock and in the shear layer downstream of the shock. The short-wavelength modes are only concentrated in the shear layer downstream of the shock. These stationary modes can lead to spanwise-periodic flow structures for the unswept wing. For the swept wing, these stationary modes become unsteady travelling modes and contribute to the more complex buffeting-flow structures observed on swept wings as compared with unswept wings. The spanwise-wavelength bands of the travelling modes translate to different frequencies, resulting in a broad-banded unsteady response for the swept wing. For a $30^{\circ }$ swept wing, the frequencies associated with the intermediate-wavelength modes are approximately 10 times higher than the swept-wing generalization of the long-wavelength oscillatory mode, and approximately 6 times higher than the long-wavelength mode for the unswept wing. These instability characteristics are in good agreement with experimental observations.

Emissivity Independent Process Control in a Short Wavelength ARC Lamp RTP Chamber

1996 ◽  
Vol 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel E. Lefrançois ◽  
David M. Camm ◽  
Brendon J. Hickson
Keyword(s):  
Short Wavelength ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Reflectivity Measurement ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Patterned Wafers ◽  
Independent Process

AbstractTwo dimensional temperature measurements of patterned wafers are presented. The measurements are made using a commercially available CCD camera operating at λ=900nm, yielding a spatial resolution of 1 pixel per mm2 and a relative accuracy of ±0.25 °C. The emissivity is determined using a reflectivity measurement made possible by the unique properties of a short wavelength arc lamp RTP chamber. The use of this measurement system for closed loop control is discussed and the application to maintaining accurate time temperature profiles independent of emissivity is described.

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