pH-adjustment strategy for volatile fatty acid production from high-strength wastewater for biological nutrient removal

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2043-2051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xie ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Yin-guang Chen ◽  
Qi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Thin Stillage ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
Adjustment Strategy ◽  
Initial Ph

Volatile fatty acid (VFA) production from three types of high-strength organic wastewater (cassava thin stillage, starch wastewater and yellow-wine processing wastewater) were compared. The results showed that cassava thin stillage was the most suitable substrate, based on its high specific VFA production (0.68 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)/g initial soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD)) and yield (0.72 g COD/g SCOD) as well as low nutrient content in the substrate and fermented liquid. The acid fermented cassava thin stillage was evaluated and compared with sodium acetate in a sequencing batch reactor system. Total nitrogen removal efficiency was higher with fermented cassava thin stillage than with the sodium acetate. The effects of pH and a pH-adjustment strategy on VFA production and composition were determined using cassava thin stillage. At an initial pH range of 7–11, a relatively high VFA concentration of about 9 g COD/L was obtained. The specific VFA production (g COD/g initial SCOD) increased from 0.27 to 0.47 to 0.67 at pH 8 and from 0.26 to 0.68 to 0.81 at pH 9 (initial pH, interval pH, and constant pH adjustment, respectively). The dominant VFA species changed significantly with the increasing frequency of the pH adjustment. Further studies will examine the metabolic pathways responsible for VFA composition.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Laju Alir Terhadap COD, BOD dan VFA pada Pengolahan Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit (LCPKS) dalam Bioreaktor Anaerobik

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Elvania Br. Pandia ◽  
Hernawati Hernawati ◽  
Theresia Jari ◽  
Abdul Kahar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Limbah cair kelapa sawit atau Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) merupakan bahan yang dapat digunakan untuk memproduksi biogas menggunakan reaktor anaerobik. Dalam limbah cair kelapa sawit terdapat beberapa komponen penyusun yaitu Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), dan Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA). Perubahan terhadap kandungan dalam limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit (LCPKS) dipengaruhi oleh laju alir yang terjadi dalam bioreaktor anaerobik. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan variasi laju alir yaitu Q1 ambient 0 L/hari, Q2 6 L/hari, Q3 24 L/hari untuk mengetahui laju alir optimal dalam pengolahan LCPKS pada bioreaktor anaerobik. Pengamatan dilakukan secara rutin dan resirkulasi sampel POME dilakukan selama ± 6 jam/hari. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh laju alir terhadap perubahan kadar COD, BOD, dan VFA yang terkandung dalam LCPKS dengan menggunakan bioreaktor anaerobik. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah laju alir optimal dalam penurunan kadar COD, BOD, dan VFA dalam LCPKS yaitu sebesar 24 L/menit, dimana semakin besar laju alir yang diberikan maka kadar penurunan COD dan BOD yang terkandung dalam limbah cair kelapa sawit akan semakin besar, hal tersebut juga berlaku pada pembentukan VFA pada limbah cair, hal ini disebabkan karena penambahan variasi laju alir dapat mempengaruhi proses degradasi bahan-bahan organik dalam limbah cair kelapa sawit. Kata Kunci : POME, laju alir, bioreaktor anaerobik, biogas, LCPKS.

scholarly journals Development of a Field Laboratory for Monitoring of Fecal-Sludge Treatment Plants

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1153
Author(s):  
Johannes Bousek ◽  
Marco Skodak ◽  
Magdalena Bäuerl ◽  
Georg Ecker ◽  
Jan Spit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Process Monitoring ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Test Setup ◽  
Fecal Sludge

In urban humanitarian-aid operations, safe treatment of fecal sludge is highly important. While currently field-deployable fecal-sludge treatment plants are being developed, field-ready analytical equipment for process-control and public health monitoring is missing. Within the Microbial Sludge Quality project, a field laboratory was developed. A minimum set of parameters for the considered processes was developed through literature research. The analytical methods were tested on their field applicability and, if necessary, modified. The following methods were modified for field use: bacteriological analysis (sample homogenization and counting), chemical oxygen demand (sample digestion), volatile fatty acid–alkalinity titration (redesigned test setup), total solids (redesigned test setup), and ammonia determination (redesigned test setup). For bacteriological analysis, chemical oxygen demand, and total solids the modifications lead to highly comparable analytical results. The results obtained by the field methodology for volatile fatty acid–alkalinity titration and ammonia determination were sufficient for field-process monitoring; however, they did not correlate as well. To enable rapid startup of the laboratory during humanitarian-aid missions, it was developed to include analytical and support equipment. The usage of the developed laboratory should allow close-in-time process monitoring and public-health assessments of fecal-sludge treatment plants.

Microbial electrochemical sensors for volatile fatty acid measurement in high strength wastewaters: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 112409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Hill ◽  
Stephan Tait ◽  
Craig Baillie ◽  
Bernardino Virdis ◽  
Bernadette McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
High Strength

scholarly journals Combined Electrocoagulation and Chemical Coagulation in Treating Brewery Wastewater

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Swain ◽  
Bassim Abbassi ◽  
Chris Kinsley
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Brewery Wastewater ◽  
Chemical Coagulation ◽  
Electrode Consumption ◽  
Initial Ph

Significant over-strength discharge fees are often imposed on breweries for the disposal of high-strength effluent to sanitary sewers. In this research work, the removal performances of electrocoagulation (EC) compared with operating electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation in sequence (EC-CC) or vice-versa (CC-EC) was examined to determine the capability of treatment in reducing the strength of the wastewater. Optimal operating parameters regarding electrolysis time, initial pH, and applied power were determined in conjunction with nutrient removal performance, electrode consumption and energy usage. Combined EC-CC treatment has been demonstrated to be economically feasible for brewery wastewater applications from an energy consumption perspective due to the efficiency of nutrient removal and the reduction of sewer discharge costs. Treatment by EC-CC at 5 W for 20 min using aluminum electrodes resulted in enhanced and consistent removal efficiencies of 26%, 74%, 76%, and 85% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), reactive phosphorous (RP), total phosphorous (TP) and total suspended solids (TSS), respectively. Energy consumption was the main contributor to operating cost. By considering potential recovered over-strength discharge fees (ODF), EC-CC treatment is economically feasible and beneficial in a brewery wastewater application. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the CC-EC process to remove phosphorous, organics and solids from brewery wastewater at lower power supply, so that the recovered ODF cost for CC-EC at 5 W-EC is 23% higher than at 10 W-EC.

scholarly journals PENGOLAHAN PRIMER LIMBAH TEKSTIL DENGAN ELEKTROKOAGULASI

REAKTOR ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieke Riadi ◽  
Whenny Ferydhiwati ◽  
Liok Dimas Sanjaya Loeman
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Textile Waste Water ◽  
Operation Cost

Limbah industri tekstil di area pinggir kota Surabaya mempunyai karakteristik perbandingan COD dan BOD = 5.57. Limbah jenis ini sulit untuk dibiodegradasi. Studi ini mempelajari tekonologi elektrokoagulasi untuk mengolah limbah tekstil dengan menurunkan intensitas warna, Total Suspended Solid (TSS) dan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Percobaan batch pada suhu kamar dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pH, jarak elektroda terhadap penurunan warna,TSS dan COD dan membandingkan biaya operasinya jika menggunakan pengolahan kimia.Effisiensi penurunan tertinggi untuk warna (91.96%),  TSS (49.17%), dan COD (29.67%) terjadi pada pH awal 4.0 dan jarak elektroda 2 cm dengan  elektroda Al/Al. Waktu optimum penurunan intensitas warna dalah 10 menit. Laju penurunan COD adalah : -dC/dt = 0.0053 C +0.056 , dengan C adalah konsentrasi COD. Jumlah sludge yang dihasilkan daripengolahan elektrokoagulasi  3.4 % lebih kecil dibandingkan menggunakan bahan kimia. Biaya yang digunakan untuk pengolahan dengan elektrokoagulasi 52.35 % lebih murah dibandingkan jika menggunakan koagulasi dengan bahan kimia ( tawas). Kata kunci : elektrokoagulasi, penurunan warna, penurunan TSS, laju degradasi COD, imbah tekstil Abstract Waste water from textile industry which is located in one suburb of Surabaya city as characteristic which the ratio of COD to BOD was 5.57. This type of waste water is difficult to be biodegraded. This study investigated elektrokoagulasi technology to treat textile waste water by removing color, total suspended solid, and Chemical Oxygen Demand. Batch experiment at room temperature was carried out to study the effect of pH, electrode distance for color, TSS and COD removal. This study also tried to compare the operation cost between elektrokoagulasi and chemical processes. The best removal efficiencies by Al electrodes was 91.96 % for color, 49.17 % for TSS and 29.67 % for COD which were under initial pH 4.0 and electrodes distance 2 cm. The optimum operation time for color removal was  found 10 minutes.The COD degradation rate was - dC/dt = 0.0053 C +0.056, with C= COD concentration. Sludge result from elektrokoagulasi was 3.4 % less than that by chemical treatment.The operation cost for elektrokoagulasi is 52.35 % less than that for chemical coagulation. 

Anaerobic acidification of a synthetic wastewater in batch reactors at 55°C

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.Q. Yu ◽  
H.H.P. Fang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Anaerobic Acidification

Experiments were conducted to study the acidogenesis of a dairy wastewater in batch reactors at pH 5.5 and 55°C. There was a biased fermentation sequence for carbohydrate and protein, and the protein fermentation was delayed by carbohydrate. The production of hydrogen was exclusively from the fermentation of carbohydrate. Acetate and butyrate concentrations both increased rapidly at the beginning and peaked at some points, then declined in the reactors fed with 8 g-COD (chemical oxygen demand)/l, or higher concentrations. Butanol and propanol fractions increased with the substrate concentration. The metabolism shifted from the volatile fatty acid-producing pathways to the alcohol-producing pathways when the substrate concentration increased beyond 8 g-COD/l. The acidogenic biomass yield was in the range 0.19-0.25 mg-VSS/mg-COD.

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