scholarly journals Development of a Field Laboratory for Monitoring of Fecal-Sludge Treatment Plants

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1153
Author(s):  
Johannes Bousek ◽  
Marco Skodak ◽  
Magdalena Bäuerl ◽  
Georg Ecker ◽  
Jan Spit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Process Monitoring ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Test Setup ◽  
Fecal Sludge

In urban humanitarian-aid operations, safe treatment of fecal sludge is highly important. While currently field-deployable fecal-sludge treatment plants are being developed, field-ready analytical equipment for process-control and public health monitoring is missing. Within the Microbial Sludge Quality project, a field laboratory was developed. A minimum set of parameters for the considered processes was developed through literature research. The analytical methods were tested on their field applicability and, if necessary, modified. The following methods were modified for field use: bacteriological analysis (sample homogenization and counting), chemical oxygen demand (sample digestion), volatile fatty acid–alkalinity titration (redesigned test setup), total solids (redesigned test setup), and ammonia determination (redesigned test setup). For bacteriological analysis, chemical oxygen demand, and total solids the modifications lead to highly comparable analytical results. The results obtained by the field methodology for volatile fatty acid–alkalinity titration and ammonia determination were sufficient for field-process monitoring; however, they did not correlate as well. To enable rapid startup of the laboratory during humanitarian-aid missions, it was developed to include analytical and support equipment. The usage of the developed laboratory should allow close-in-time process monitoring and public-health assessments of fecal-sludge treatment plants.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Laju Alir Terhadap COD, BOD dan VFA pada Pengolahan Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit (LCPKS) dalam Bioreaktor Anaerobik

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Elvania Br. Pandia ◽  
Hernawati Hernawati ◽  
Theresia Jari ◽  
Abdul Kahar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Limbah cair kelapa sawit atau Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) merupakan bahan yang dapat digunakan untuk memproduksi biogas menggunakan reaktor anaerobik. Dalam limbah cair kelapa sawit terdapat beberapa komponen penyusun yaitu Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), dan Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA). Perubahan terhadap kandungan dalam limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit (LCPKS) dipengaruhi oleh laju alir yang terjadi dalam bioreaktor anaerobik. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan variasi laju alir yaitu Q1 ambient 0 L/hari, Q2 6 L/hari, Q3 24 L/hari untuk mengetahui laju alir optimal dalam pengolahan LCPKS pada bioreaktor anaerobik. Pengamatan dilakukan secara rutin dan resirkulasi sampel POME dilakukan selama ± 6 jam/hari. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh laju alir terhadap perubahan kadar COD, BOD, dan VFA yang terkandung dalam LCPKS dengan menggunakan bioreaktor anaerobik. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah laju alir optimal dalam penurunan kadar COD, BOD, dan VFA dalam LCPKS yaitu sebesar 24 L/menit, dimana semakin besar laju alir yang diberikan maka kadar penurunan COD dan BOD yang terkandung dalam limbah cair kelapa sawit akan semakin besar, hal tersebut juga berlaku pada pembentukan VFA pada limbah cair, hal ini disebabkan karena penambahan variasi laju alir dapat mempengaruhi proses degradasi bahan-bahan organik dalam limbah cair kelapa sawit. Kata Kunci : POME, laju alir, bioreaktor anaerobik, biogas, LCPKS.

pH-adjustment strategy for volatile fatty acid production from high-strength wastewater for biological nutrient removal

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2043-2051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xie ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Yin-guang Chen ◽  
Qi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Thin Stillage ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
Adjustment Strategy ◽  
Initial Ph

Volatile fatty acid (VFA) production from three types of high-strength organic wastewater (cassava thin stillage, starch wastewater and yellow-wine processing wastewater) were compared. The results showed that cassava thin stillage was the most suitable substrate, based on its high specific VFA production (0.68 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)/g initial soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD)) and yield (0.72 g COD/g SCOD) as well as low nutrient content in the substrate and fermented liquid. The acid fermented cassava thin stillage was evaluated and compared with sodium acetate in a sequencing batch reactor system. Total nitrogen removal efficiency was higher with fermented cassava thin stillage than with the sodium acetate. The effects of pH and a pH-adjustment strategy on VFA production and composition were determined using cassava thin stillage. At an initial pH range of 7–11, a relatively high VFA concentration of about 9 g COD/L was obtained. The specific VFA production (g COD/g initial SCOD) increased from 0.27 to 0.47 to 0.67 at pH 8 and from 0.26 to 0.68 to 0.81 at pH 9 (initial pH, interval pH, and constant pH adjustment, respectively). The dominant VFA species changed significantly with the increasing frequency of the pH adjustment. Further studies will examine the metabolic pathways responsible for VFA composition.

Anaerobic acidification of a synthetic wastewater in batch reactors at 55°C

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.Q. Yu ◽  
H.H.P. Fang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Anaerobic Acidification

Experiments were conducted to study the acidogenesis of a dairy wastewater in batch reactors at pH 5.5 and 55°C. There was a biased fermentation sequence for carbohydrate and protein, and the protein fermentation was delayed by carbohydrate. The production of hydrogen was exclusively from the fermentation of carbohydrate. Acetate and butyrate concentrations both increased rapidly at the beginning and peaked at some points, then declined in the reactors fed with 8 g-COD (chemical oxygen demand)/l, or higher concentrations. Butanol and propanol fractions increased with the substrate concentration. The metabolism shifted from the volatile fatty acid-producing pathways to the alcohol-producing pathways when the substrate concentration increased beyond 8 g-COD/l. The acidogenic biomass yield was in the range 0.19-0.25 mg-VSS/mg-COD.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) biosynthesis from kraft mill wastewaters: biomass origin and C:N relationship influence

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Pozo ◽  
A. C. Villamar ◽  
M. Martínez ◽  
G. Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
The Third ◽  
Batch System ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill ◽  
Relationship Of

The goal of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of PHA biosynthesis from kraft mill effluent using the batch system evaluating the biomass origin and C:N relationship influence. To evaluate feasibility, batch assays were carried out. Also, two levels of the BOD5:N:P relationship (100:5:1 and 100:1:0.2) and three different sludge origins were considered. Inocula were obtained from activated sludge treatment plants for a) sewage (SAS), b) paper mill (PAS) and c) kraft (KAS). The results show that the maximum Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal was 80.5% and 59.7% respectively using KAS as inoculum. In these assays, kinetics constants were 17.9±3.2 mg L−1 and 46.5±1.2 d−1 for (KCOD) and (rmax), respectively under a BOD5:N:P relationship of 100:5:1. The maximum PHA accumulation was obtained under a BOD5:N:P relationship of 100:1:0.2 on the third day of batch assays using PAS sludge with 25.72% of the cells accumulating PHA and on the fifth day in batch using SAS and KAS sludge with 25.85% and 30.40% of cells accumulating PHA, respectively. Yields obtained for the 100:1:0.2 relationships ranged from 0.10–0.14 mg PHA mg−1 COD.

scholarly journals Natural Coagulant for the Treatment of Food Industry Wastewater

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
W. Anteneh ◽  
O.P. Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Industrial Waste Water ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Industry Wastewater

Wastewater treatment is becoming ever more critical due to diminishing water resources, increasing wastewater disposal costs, and stricter discharge regulations that have lowered permissible contaminant levels in waste streams. The ultimate goal of wastewater management is the protection of the environment in a manner commensurate with public health and socio-economic concerns. The aim of our study is to use natural occurring polymeric coagulant to reduce the chemical oxygen demand and color from the industrial waste water. It was found that 83% of Chemical oxygen demand and 90% of color reduction was observed with chitosan.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Temperatur Terhadap COD, BOD dan VFA pada Pengolahan Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit (LCPKS) dalam Bioreaktor Anaerobik

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Yulius Sitama Lewar ◽  
Herawati Herawati ◽  
Abdul Kahar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Limbah cair industri kelapa sawit yang paling utama adalah palm oil mill effluent (POME). POME dapatmerusak ekosistem perairan dan mengkontaminasi rantai makanan jika dibuang langsung ke saluranpembuangan tanpa diolah terlebih dahulu. Dalam limbah cair kelapa sawit terdapat beberapa komponenpenyusun diantaranya adalah Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), danVolatile Fatty Acid (VFA) yang dapat digunakan untuk memproduksi biogas dalam suatu reaktor anaerobik.Perubahan terhadap kandungan yang terkandung dalam limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit (LCPKS) tersebutakan dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor salah satunya adalah temperatur. Pada penelitian ini Temperatur yangdigunakan adalah temperatur ambient yaitu mengikuti temperatur lingkungan, temperatur 35˚C dantemperatur 45˚C, peningkatan temperatur bertujuan untuk mempercepat laju perombakan, sehinggamenghasilkan gas lebih optimal dan proses perombakan yang lebih efisien. Tujuan penelitian ini untukmengetahui pengaruh Temperatur terhadap perubahan kadar COD, BOD, dan VFA yang terkandung dalamlimbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit (LCPKS). Adapun persentase removal BOD, COD yaitu sebesar 83,96 %,84,02% dan untuk VFA tertinggi terdapat pada temperatur 35˚C yaitu sebesar 9.912,45.Kata Kunci : POME, temperatur, bioreaktor anaerobik, biogas

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Sludge Treatment Using a Rotor-Stator Type Hydrodynamic Cavitation Reactor and an Ultrasonic Bath

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunsoo Kim ◽  
Xun Sun ◽  
Bonchan Koo ◽  
Joon Yong Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Hydrodynamic Cavitation ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Ultrasonic Bath ◽  
Oxidation Performance

In the present work, the sludge treatment performance of a sludge treatment using a rotor-stator type hydrodynamic cavitation reactor (HCR) was investigated. To verify the performance, a comparison with an ultrasonic bath was conducted in four experimental cases using three assessment factors. The HCR consisted of a rotor and three covers with inserted dimples resulting in variation of the cross-sectional area in a flow. The experimental cases were established using the same energy consumption for each device. Disintegration performance was analyzed with assessment factors using particle size distribution and sludge volume index (SVI), oxidation performance using total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) and volatile suspended solids (VSS) reduction rate, as well as solubilization rate using soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD). As a result, the particle disintegration and oxidation performance of the HCR were generally superior to those of the ultrasonic bath. However, due to the contradictory interactions of these factors, the solubilization rate of the two devices was measured similarly as 42.3% and 41.4% for each device. Results of the current study proved that the HCR can be an effective, promising and clean sludge treatment technique for use in wastewater treatment plants.

scholarly journals Proses Peruraian Anaerobik Palm Oil Mill Effluent dengan Media Zeolit Termodifikasi

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Melly Mellyanawaty ◽  
Firda Mahira Alfiata Chusna ◽  
Estin Nofiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Modified Zeolite ◽  
The Media ◽  
Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

A B S T R A C TThis work evaluated the effect of modified zeolite as microbial immobilization medium in anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent (POME). The affinity of microorganisms to attach and grow on the media surface could be increased by the addition of micro-nutrient into the media. The effect of micro-nutrient addition was studied in 1000 mL Erlenmeyer flask as batch reactors. Experiments were conducted for 30 days. The concentration of soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) in substrate was 8000 mg/L. Zeolite was impregnated with nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) at individual concentration of 2.7x10-3 mg Ni/g zeolite and 3.5x10‑3 mg Zn/g zeolite. The influence of each modified zeolite was determined by periodic measurement of sCOD, volatile fatty acid (VFA), pH, and biogas production. Cumulative biogas productions in this study were 252.44; 172.13; 57.70 ml from Ni-modified, Zn-modified and natural zeolites, respectively. The highest sCOD removal was obtained in reactor with Zn-modified zeolite with 38.22% removal, followed by 33.96% with Ni-modified zeolite, and 27.87% removal with natural zeolite.Keywords: anaerobic digestion; biogas; methane; palm oil mill effluent; zeoliteA B S T R A KPenelitian ini mengevaluasi pengaruh zeolit yang dimodifikasi sebagai media imobilisasi mikroorganisme pada proses anaerobik limbah palm oil mill effluent (POME). Afinitas mikroorganisme untuk melekat dan tumbuh di permukaan dapat meningkat dengan impregnasi mikronutrien pada media. Efek penambahan mikronutrien dipelajari dengan labu Erlenmeyer 1000 mL sebagai reaktor batch. Experimen dijalankan selama 30 hari. Konsentrasi soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) substrat yang digunakan adalah 8000 mg/L. Zeolit terimpregnasi Ni dan Zn yang digunakan memiliki kadar 2,7 x10-3 mg Ni/g zeolit dan 3,5x10-3 mg Zn/g zeolit. Pengaruh setiap zeolit yang dimodifikasi dievaluasi dengan mengukur konsentrasi sCOD, volatile fatty acid (VFA), pH, dan produksi biogas secara periodik. Akumulasi biogas penelitian ini sebesar 252,44; 172,13; 57,70 ml berturut-turut untuk zeolit modifikasi Ni, zeolit modifikasi Zn dan zeolit alam. Penurunan sCOD terbaik dihasilkan oleh zeolit termodifikasi Zn dengan nilai 38,22%, selanjutnya diikuti oleh zeolit termodifikasi Ni dan zeolit alam dengan nilai 33,96% dan 27,87%.Kata kunci: anaerobic digestion; biogas; metana; palm oil mill effluent; zeolit

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