Comparison of Fenton's oxidation and ozonation for removal of estrogens

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 2131-2137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Nakrst ◽  
Mirjana Bistan ◽  
Tatjana Tišler ◽  
Jana Zagorc-Končan ◽  
Jan Derco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Fenton’S Oxidation ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Fenton's Oxidation ◽  
By Products

This study compares efficiency of Fenton's oxidation and ozonation of 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) as two possible processes for removal of estrogens from aqueous solutions. The effectiveness of Fenton's oxidative removal was studied at different ratios of reagents Fe2+:H2O2 (1:0.5; 1:10; 1:20; 1:33), where with some molar ratios up to 100% removal of E2 and EE2 was achieved in the first few minutes of reaction. The best molar ratio for E2 (17β-estradiol) removal was 1:33, while in the case of EE2 the most efficient one was 1:20 ratio. Ozonation was much faster, because complete removal of estrogens was achieved in 30 seconds (pH≈6), but the time of ozonation was extended up to 60 minutes trying to decompose formed by-products, expressing estrogenic activity, detected by YES (Yeast Estrogen Screening) assay. The obtained results showed that the removal efficiency of estrogens from waters should be assessed by a combination of chemical analyses and bioassay.

scholarly journals Biological Activity of Wastewater Assessed Using in Vitro Cell-Based Assays

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adamo R. Petosa ◽  
Monica Nowierski ◽  
Viviane Yargeau
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Receiving Waters

Abstract Bioanalytical tools, namely in vitro bioassays, can be employed in tandem with chemical analyses to assess the efficacy of wastewater treatment and the potential for adverse effects from the discharges of wastewater into receiving waters. In the present study, samples of untreated wastewater (i.e. influent) and treated wastewater (i.e. effluent) were collected from two wastewater treatment plants and a wastewater treatment lagoon serving municipalities in southern Ontario, Canada. In addition, grab samples of surface water were collected downstream of the lagoon discharge. After solid phase extraction (SPE) using ion-exchange columns for basic/neutral and acidic compounds, respectively, the extracts were analyzed for a suite of 16 indicator compounds. The two SPE extracts were combined for analysis of biological responses in four in vitro cell-based bioassays. The concentrations of several indicator compounds, including the estrogens, 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethinylestradiol, were below the limits of detection. However, androstenedione and estrone were detected in several influent samples. The concentrations of these steroid hormones and some of the other indicator compounds declined during treatment but acesulfame K, carbamazepine, trimethoprim and DEET persisted in the effluent. The MTS- CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay (MTS) indicated that cell viability was not affected by exposure to the extracts. The Qiagen Nuclear Receptors 10-Pathway Reporter Array indicated that several cellular pathways were upregulated, with the greatest upregulation observed with the estrogen receptor (i.e. induction ratios 12 to 47) and the liver X receptor (i.e. induction ratios 10 to 45). The ERα CALUX assay indicated that estrogenic activity was lower in effluents compared to influents, with the greatest estrogenic activity observed for grab samples of influent from the lagoon (i.e. 56-215 ng L-1 17β-estradiol equivalents). Finally, the results of the Nrf2 Luciferase Luminescence Assay indicated a lower oxidative stress in the effluent samples. Overall, the present study demonstrates that chemical analyses are limited in their ability to predict or explain reductions in the toxicity of treated wastewater. There are thus advantages to using a combination of chemical analyses and in vitro bioassays to monitor the treatment efficiency of wastewater treatment plants and to predict the potential impacts of wastewater discharges into receiving waters.

The behavior of estrogenic substances in the biological treatment process of sewage

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Onda ◽  
Y. Nakamura ◽  
C. Takatoh ◽  
A. Miya ◽  
Y. Katsu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
One Year ◽  
Batch Treatment ◽  
And Behavior

A study was conducted for about one year on the fate and behavior of estrogens, namely 17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and estriol (E3) in an activated sludge process of a pilot scale plant supplied with domestic sewage. A simultaneous analytical method for these three substances using LC-MS/MS was developed and applied to sewage samples. The average removal of E2 was 94.7%, while that of E3 was 96.9%. In contrast, the average removal of E1 was relatively low at 69.2% with a maximum concentration of 55.4 ng/L detected in the treated water. The theoretical values of estrogenic activity calculated from the concentrations of each natural estrogen in treated water were found to correlate with the values of estrogenic activity measured by a yeast estrogen screening assay. The effect of E2 on estrogenic activity in influent was found to be high, while that of E1 in treated water was considerably higher. In batch treatment tests on E2, E2 turned into E1 immediately after being charged. After three hours of aeration, the values of both E1 and E2 were around threshold limits. It was determined from this that E1 and E2 were substances that could be degraded by biological treatment. As the removal of E2 was found to be sufficiently high at times, optimization of operational conditions based on E1 removal should be important for reducing estrogenic activity in treated water.

Removal of refractory organics and color in pigment wastewater with Fenton oxidation

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 189-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Park ◽  
K. H. Lee ◽  
E. J. Jung ◽  
C. W. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Fenton’S Oxidation ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Fenton's Oxidation ◽  
Final Effluent

This study was designed to evaluate (1) the removal of the non-biodegradable organics and color by Fenton's oxidation (2) the feasibility of Fenton's oxidation as a pretreatment or tertiary treatment following the activated sludge process in the pigment wastewater. The study was divided into two parts. The first part consisted of investigations on raw Yellow wastewater and Red wastewater, the second part was carried out on the final effluent from the existing extended aeration treatment plant. The batch test was conducted to determine the optimum conditions for plant operation such as pH, H2O2 dosage, molar ratio of Fe2+/H2O2 and contact time. It was found that the removal efficiencies of COD were 54.2%, 52.6% and 58.9%, the removal efficiencies of the color were 91.2%, 18.1% and 45.7%, for Red, Yellow Wastewater and Final Effluent, respectively. In the Yellow wastewater, BOD5COD ratio was not changed much after Fenton's oxidation, but in the case of the Red wastewater, BOD5COD ratio was increased from 0.04 to 0.36. Therefore Fenton's oxidation process is a very effective means for a pretreatment or tertiary treatment in the Pigment wastewater.

Advanced treatment of high strength opium alkaloid industry effluents

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. Aydin ◽  
M. Altinbas ◽  
M.F. Sevimli ◽  
I. Ozturk ◽  
H.Z. Sarikaya
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Fenton’S Oxidation ◽  
Fenton's Oxidation ◽  
Opium Alkaloid

The purpose of this study was to investigate an effective treatment system which can be applicable to treat opium alkaloid industry (OAI) effluents characterised with high COD, TKN, dark color and non-biodegradable organic pollutants. In the first phase of the study, lab-scale anaerobic (UASBR) + aerobic (SBR) treatability studies were carried out on opium processing industry effluents. Effluent CODs from the two staged biological treatment system were relatively high (∼700 mgl−1) and additional post treatment was required. Physico-chemical treatability studies previously carried out on the effluent of opium alkaloid wastewater treatment plant, were not effective in removing residual COD and color. In the second phase of the study, the refractory organics causing higher inert COD values in the SBR effluent were additionally treated by using Fenton's Oxidation. The batch tests were performed to determine the optimum operating conditions including pH, H2O2 dosage, molar ratio of Fe2+/H2O2 and reaction time. It was found that removal efficiencies of COD and color for 30 minutes reaction time were about 90% and 95%, respectively. The ratio of H2O2/FeSO4 was determined as 200 mgl−1/600 mgl−1 for the optimum oxidation and coagulation process at pH 4. Experimental results of the present study have clearly indicated that the Fenton's oxidation technology is capable to treat almost all parts of the organics which consist of both soluble initial and microbial inert fractions of COD for opium alkaloid industry effluents. Effluents from the Fenton's Oxidation process can satisfy effluent standards for COD and color in general.

THE CATALYTIC ROLE OF BIRNESSITE IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF IRON

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. R. KRISHNAMURTI ◽  
P. M. HUANG
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Fe Oxides ◽  
Catalytic Role

The influence of birnessite (δ-MnO2) on the precipitation products of iron was studied, in the FeCl2-NH4OH system at different Mn/Fe molar ratios (0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0) and in the acidic pH (4.0, 5.0 and 6.0) range, by X-ray, TEM, IR and chemical analyses. The precipitation products formed at pH 5.0 and 6.0 were found to be lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) in the absence of birnessite. Birnessite promoted increased precipitation of Fe oxide; the oxidation of Fe(II) by MnO2 was thermodynamically feasible and was confirmed by the presence of Mn(II) in the solution by ESR data. Birnessite also influenced the crystallization processes of hydrolytic products of Fe which range from lepidocrocite through goethite (α-FeOOH), akaganeite (β-FeOOH), to X-ray noncrystalline Fe oxides. The noncrystalline Fe oxides formed at a Mn/Fe molar ratio of 1.0 were characterized by infrared absorption maxima at 1400 and 750 cm−1. Key words: Birnessite, Fe(II) oxidation, ESR, lepidocrocite, akaganeite, noncrystalline oxide

Estrogenic activity removal of 17β-estradiol by ozonation and identification of by-products

Chemosphere ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 736-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Bila ◽  
Antonio F. Montalvão ◽  
Débora de A. Azevedo ◽  
Márcia Dezotti
Keyword(s):  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
By Products

Enhancing oxidation of TNT and RDX in wastewater: pre-treatment with elemental iron

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-Y. Oh ◽  
D.K. Cha ◽  
P.C. Chiu ◽  
B.J. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Column Length ◽  
Energetic Compounds ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Elemental Iron ◽  
Advection Dispersion ◽  
Fenton’S Oxidation ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Fenton's Oxidation

Munitions manufacturing wastewater is commonly treated by adsorption to activated carbon. We are proposing a new munitions manufacturing wastewater treatment system consisting of a reductive pre-treatment process and subsequent Fenton's oxidation to mineralize energetic compounds such as TNT and RDX. The pre-treatment involves reduction of electron-withdrawing nitro groups of TNT and RDX with elemental iron. The iron-treated explosives are then oxidized by Fenton's reagent through the addition of H2O2. The objective of this work is to investigate the feasibility of using elemental iron to convert TNT and RDX to reduction products which may be more oxidizable in subsequent Fenton's oxidation. Results of batch reduction experiments with elemental iron showed complete removal of TNT and RDX and formation of the reduction products within 60 minutes. Results of column experiments showed a rapid and complete removal of TNT and RDX within 9.7 minutes retention time. Fitting observed effluent concentrations to a one-dimensional advection-dispersion equation, we were able to predict the concentration profiles of TNT and RDX in the iron column and calculate the iron column length required for the desired removal. The results of Fenton's oxidation experiments showed that iron pre-treatment enhanced both the rate and extent of TNT and RDX mineralization by Fenton's oxidation.

Monomer recovery from polycarbonate by methanolysis

e-Polymers ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shwu-Jer Chiu ◽  
Chou-Tso Tsai ◽  
Yu-Kaung Chang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
By Products

AbstractDepolymerization and monomer recovery from polycarbonate (PC) by methanolysis was investigated. Methanolysis with molar ratios of methanol to polycarbonate ranging from 12.5 to 50 was carried out from 170°C to 300°C for up to 30 min. Polycarbonate decomposed into two monomers, bisphenol A (BPA) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and two useful by-products, phenol and 4-tertbutylphenol. The percentage depolymerization of polycarbonate increased markedly from 170°C to 230°C and decomposed completely when the temperature was higher than 260°C. Reaction time and molar ratio of MeOH/PC are two other important factors that affect polycarbonate methanolysis. The optimal depolymerization condition of PC was found at 240°C with the molar ratio of MeOH/PC equal to 37.5 and the time of 5 min. Under these conditions, polycarbonate would decompose completely and the monomer recovery of BPA and DMC were 90.7% and 95.2%, respectively.

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