Anaerobic ammonium oxidation of ammonium-rich waste streams in fixed-bed reactors

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Fux ◽  
V. Marchesi ◽  
I. Brunner ◽  
H. Siegrist
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors ◽  
Anammox Activity

The feasibility of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) in fixed-bed reactors was evaluated on laboratory and pilot scales. Using synthetic wastewater, the specific nitrogen removal rate was increased from 0.05-0.1 kgNm-3reactord-1 to 0.35-0.38 kgNm-3reactord-1 within a year (T = 22-27°C) in all applications. However, the anammox activity was seriously and repeatedly inhibited at prolonged high nitrite concentrations (e.g. six days at 30-50 gNO2-Nm-3) and recovery was always a lengthy process. But even at a moderate nitrite concentration (11 ± 10 gNO2-Nm-3), the observed specific growth rate was only 0.018 d-1 at 26.4 ± 0.8°C, which corresponds to approximately 0.025 d-1 at 30°C (doubling time: 28 days). In a second experimental period for another 250 days, one of the laboratory reactors was fed with partially nitrified sludge liquors from a domestic wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). In this case, the specific elimination rate was as high as 3.5 kgNm-3reactord-1 at 26-27°C. Independently of the feed, the average nitrogen elimination rate lay between 80-85% in all applications. An appropriate hydraulic design is essential to prevent clogging and local nitrite inhibition in fixed-bed reactors.

scholarly journals Influence of temperature and salinity on microbial structure of marine anammox bacteria

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 958-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanori Awata ◽  
Katsuichiro Tanabe ◽  
Tomonori Kindaichi ◽  
Noriatsu Ozaki ◽  
Akiyoshi Ohashi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Anammox Activity

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a type of biological oxidation mediated by a group of Planctomycete-like bacteria. Members of the genus Candidatus Scalindua are mainly found in marine environments, but not exclusively. This group is cultured using different inoculums and conditions; however, its optimal growth conditions are not clear. Additionally, little information is known about the factors that influence the activity and the selection of a population of marine anammox bacteria. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of temperature and salinity on the marine anammox community. To accomplish this, an up-flow fixed-bed column reactor was operated, and quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with probes specific to dominant marine anammox bacteria was conducted. Anammox activity was observed at 20 and 30 °C, but not at 10 °C. A nitrogen removal rate of 0.32 kg TN m–3 day–1 was obtained at 20 °C. These results suggest that temperature affects the activity (nitrogen removal rate) of anammox bacteria, while salinity does not affect the activity in the marine anammox biofilm.

Application of Biofilm Kinetics to Anaerobic Fixed Bed Reactors

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-9) ◽  
pp. 1319-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. Gönenç ◽  
D. Orhon ◽  
B. Beler Baykal
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Removal Mechanism ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors

Two basic phenomena, reactor hydraulics and mass transport through biofilm coupled with kinetic expressions for substrate transformations were accounted for in order to describe the soluble COD removal mechanism in anaerobic fixed bed reactors. To provide necessary verification, experimental results from the long term operation of the pilot scale anaerobic reactor treating molasses wastewater were used. Theoretical evaluations verified by these experimental studies showed that a bulk zero-order removal rate expression modified by diffusional resistance leading to bulk half-order and first-order rates together with the particular hydraulic conditions could adequately define the overall soluble COD removal mechanism in an anaerobic fixed bed reactor. The experimental results were also used to determine the kinetic constants for practical application. In view of the complexity of the phenomena involved it is found remarkable that a simple simulation model based on biofilm kinetics is a powerful tool for design and operation of anaerobic fixed bed reactors.

scholarly journals Physiological characteristics of the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium ‘Candidatus Brocadia sinica’

Microbiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 1706-1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoru Oshiki ◽  
Masaki Shimokawa ◽  
Naoki Fujii ◽  
Hisashi Satoh ◽  
Satoshi Okabe
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Nitrite Reduction ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Phylogenetic Affiliation ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Rate Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

The present study investigated the phylogenetic affiliation and physiological characteristics of bacteria responsible for anaerobic ammonium oxidization (anammox); these bacteria were enriched in an anammox reactor with a nitrogen removal rate of 26.0 kg N m−3 day−1. The anammox bacteria were identified as representing ‘Candidatus Brocadia sinica’ on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of rRNA operon sequences. Physiological characteristics examined were growth rate, kinetics of ammonium oxidation and nitrite reduction, temperature, pH and inhibition of anammox. The maximum specific growth rate (μmax) was 0.0041 h−1, corresponding to a doubling time of 7 days. The half-saturation constants (K s) for ammonium and nitrite of ‘Ca. B. sinica’ were 28±4 and 86±4 µM, respectively, higher than those of ‘Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans’ and ‘Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis’. The temperature and pH ranges of anammox activity were 25–45 °C and pH 6.5–8.8, respectively. Anammox activity was inhibited in the presence of nitrite (50 % inhibition at 16 mM), ethanol (91 % at 1 mM) and methanol (86 % at 1 mM). Anammox activities were 80 and 70 % of baseline in the presence of 20 mM phosphorus and 3 % salinity, respectively. The yield of biomass and dissolved organic carbon production in the culture supernatant were 0.062 and 0.005 mol C (mol NH 4 + )−1, respectively. This study compared physiological differences between three anammox bacterial enrichment cultures to provide a better understanding of anammox niche specificity in natural and man-made ecosystems.

scholarly journals Nitrate Reverses Severe Nitrite Inhibition of Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (Anammox) Activity in Continuously-Fed Bioreactors

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (19) ◽  
pp. 10518-10526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangbin Li ◽  
Reyes Sierra-Alvarez ◽  
David Vilcherrez ◽  
Stefan Weiss ◽  
Callie Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Nitrite Inhibition

scholarly journals Coupled anaerobic ammonium oxidation and hydrogenotrophic denitrification for simultaneous NH4-N and NO3-N removal

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 975-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuru Kamei ◽  
Rawintra Eamrat ◽  
Kenta Shinoda ◽  
Yasuhiro Tanaka ◽  
Futaba Kazama
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Anammox Process

Abstract Nitrate removal during anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) treatment is a concern for optimization of the anammox process. This study demonstrated the applicability and long-term stability of the coupled anammox and hydrogenotrophic denitrification (CAHD) process as an alternative method for nitrate removal. Laboratory-scale fixed bed anammox reactors (FBR) supplied with H2 to support denitrification were operated under two types of synthetic water. The FBRs showed simultaneous NH4-N and NO3-N removal, indicating that the CAHD process can support NO3-N removal during the anammox process. Intermittent H2 supply (e.g. 5 mL/min for a 1-L reactor, 14/6-min on/off cycle) helped maintain the CAHD process without deteriorating its performance under long-term operation and resulted in a nitrogen removal rate of 0.21 kg-N/m3/d and ammonium, nitrate, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen removal efficiencies of 73.4%, 80.4%, and 77%, respectively. The microbial community structure related to the CAHD process was not influenced by changes in influent water quality, and included the anammox bacteria ‘Candidatus Jettenia’ and a Sulfuritalea hydrogenivorans-like species as the dominant bacteria even after long-term reactor operation, suggesting that these bacteria are key to the CAHD process. These results indicate that the CAHD process is a promising method for enhancing the efficiency of anammox process.

Effect of temperature and salinity on the wastewater treatment performance of aerobic submerged fixed bed biofilm reactors

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Chapanova ◽  
M. Jank ◽  
S. Schlegel ◽  
H. Koeser
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Wastewater Purification ◽  
Ammonium Removal ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
C And N ◽  
German Association

The influence of temperature (5–35 °C) and salinity (up to 20 g/l NaCl) on the wastewater purification process in completely mixed and aerated submerged fixed bed biofilm reactors (SFBBRs) was studied. C- and N-conversion in SFBBRs designed according to the DWA (German Association for Water, Wastewater and Waste) rules for carbon removal was investigated for several months on synthetic wastewater. The DOC degradation rate was even at, according to the DWA, high DOC/BOD loading rates not much affected by temperatures between 5–35 °C and salt contents up to 20 g/L NaCl. At these high DOC loadings an appreciable ammonium conversion could also be observed. The ammonium conversion proved to be sensitive to temperature and salinity. At 5 °C the ammonium removal rate decreased by a factor of five compared to 25–35 °C. Under many operation conditions investigated more than 50% of the converted ammonium was transformed into gaseous nitrogen. The addition of 20 g/L NaCl caused a strong inhibition of the ammonium removal rate over the whole temperature range investigated.

scholarly journals Start-up of a full-scale partial nitritation-anammox MBBR without inoculum at Klagshamn WWTP

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 2033-2042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivelina Dimitrova ◽  
Agnieszka Dabrowska ◽  
Sara Ekström
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Partial Nitritation ◽  
Start Up

Abstract Partial nitritation and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (PNA) is a useful process for the treatment of nitrogen-rich centrate from the dewatering of anaerobically digested sludge. A one-stage PNA moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was started up without inoculum at Klagshamn wastewater treatment plant, southern Sweden. The reactor was designed to treat up to 200 kgN d−1, and heated dilution water was used during start-up. The nitrogen removal was >80% after 111 days of operation, and the nitrogen removal rate reached 1.8 gN m−2 d1 at 35 °C. The start-up period of the reactor was comparable to that of inoculated full-scale systems. The operating conditions of the system were found to be important, and online control of the free ammonia concentration played a crucial role. Ex situ batch activity tests were performed to evaluate process performance.

Kinetic study on nitrification of ammonium nitrogen-enriched synthetic wastewater using activated sludge

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Roumi Bhattacharya ◽  
Debabrata Mazumder
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Yield Coefficient ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Consecutive Reaction

Abstract Nitrification of ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N)-bearing synthetic wastewater was performed in a batch-activated sludge reactor by varying the initial ammonium nitrogen concentration up to 400 mg/L at a pH of 8.1 ± 0.2 and temperature of 36 ± 2 °C for developing the process kinetics using acclimatised biomass. Maximum ammonium nitrogen removal efficiency of 98.3% was achieved with initial ammonium nitrogen and mixed liquor suspended solids concentration of 235 mg/L and 2,180 mg/L, respectively, at 48 h batch period. Based on the experimental results, kinetic constants for ammonia nitrogen removal following Monod's approach were obtained as maximum substrate removal rate coefficient = 0.057 per day, yield coefficient = 0.336 mg volatile suspended solids/mg ammonium nitrogen, half velocity constant = 12.95 mg NH4+-N/L and endogenous decay constant = 0.02 per day. Nitrification is a consecutive reaction with ammonium oxidation as the first step followed by nitrite oxidation. The overall rate of nitrite and nitrate formation was observed to be 1.44 per day and 0.34 per day, respectively.

Effects of Acetate on Metabolism of Anaerobic Ammonium-Oxidizing Bacteria

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 297-300
Author(s):  
Jia Jing Sun ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Luo Wang ◽  
Xiao Bo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Organic Matters ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anammox Process

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process is a heated researched biotechnology for nitrogen removal in wastewater. The application of the process is limited due to its long start-up time and sensitivity to organic matters. This paper discussed the effects of acetate on anammox process. The nitrogen removal rate of anammox process was elevated at low acetate content (1 mmol/L) and decreased at high acetate content (3 and 4 mmol/L). The ratios among NH4+-N, NO2--N and NO3--N were not related acetate content and remained at 1:1.50:0.07, but the ratios between acetate and three forms of nitrogen were acetate dependent.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document