Effect of blending two treated waters on the organoleptic profile of Barcelona's supply

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Fabrellas ◽  
R. Devesa ◽  
L. Matia
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Organoleptic Quality ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Flavour Profile ◽  
The City

Barcelona's drinking water has two distinct origins: the Ter and Llobregat rivers supply the city in a ratio of 35/65. The organoleptic quality of the two waters is very different. Treated water from the Llobregat sometimes has organoleptic problems, whereas the quality of treated water from the Ter is much better. The aim of this paper is to study the effects of blending the two types of water and to determine the best blend of the Ter and Llobregat treated waters in terms of flavour and odour, using the A/not A test and the Flavour Profile Analysis. The optimum blend of Ter and Llobregat water is the blend that contains the highest percentage of Llobregat water without any appreciable loss of the characteristics of Ter water.

Contribution of the FPA tasting panel to decision making about drinking water treatment facilities

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Devesa ◽  
R. Cardeñoso ◽  
L. Matía
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Gradual Improvement ◽  
Organoleptic Quality ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Llobregat River

The flavour profile analysis (FPA) panel of Aigües de Barcelona has participated in three engineering projects initiated to improve both the quality of the water supplied and the use of the scarce resources available. The information provided by the panel enables a solid evaluation of the organoleptic quality of the water produced in the facilities, which is very useful in making decisions concerning the development of the projects. The first project refers to the Besòs full scale nanofiltration pilot plant. The study includes characterisation of the organoleptic quality of the water obtained and the behaviour of blends in different proportions with water from the Ter river. Secondly, this article presents the results obtained in El Papiol pilot plant for the reduction of trihalomethanes in water from the Abrera WTP, situated by the Llobregat river. The tasting results indicate that the stripping treatment slightly improves the quality of water, whereas the improvement is more remarkable with carbon filtration. The third project was the reverse osmosis pilot plant installed in the Sant Joan Despí WTP, which also collects water from the Llobregat river. A gradual improvement of the water treated was clearly observed when increasing amounts of reverse osmosis treated water were added. Some trends were also observed according to the characteristics of the feed water to the reverse osmosis facilities.

scholarly journals Microbiological Quality of Drinking Water in Sachets Sold in the City of Yaoundé in Cameroon: Tests of Sensitivity to the Antibiotics of Bacteria Isolated

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Nguepidjo Gilbert ◽  
Kapso Tchouankep Mireille ◽  
Ngong Ankiambom Innocent ◽  
Tonmeu Douyong Chimène Sandrine ◽  
Enoka Patrice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The City

Water is the basic drink for human beings and drinking water in sachets is very popular because of its relatively low cost and availability. The aim of this study is to determine the bacteriological profile of sachet drinking water sold in the city of Yaounde. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study covering the period from March to June 2019, carried out in the application laboratory of ETMS-Yaounde. A total of 230 samples of drinking water in sachets purchased in different markets in the city of Yaounde were analyzed using Mac Conkey's flooding method. The identification was done on the API 20 E Gallery and the susceptibility test on Mueller Hinton media. The size of the sample was 230 packaged sachet drinking water and 213 of the 230 revealed 92% of positive culture of germs, and only 17 samples gave a negative culture, at a percentage of 8% of isolated germs. The isolated bacterial species and their respective abundances in samples were Enterobacter gergoviae (3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5%), Proteus mirabilis (5%), Serratia fonticola (5%), Salmonella choler arizonae cloacae (8%), Salmonella spp. (8%), Enterobacter cloacae (10%), Staphylococcus aureus (10%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (28%). All these tested germs were resistant to Amoxicillin and Erythromycin and 70% of tested germs were sensitive to Gentamycin. Overall, the results revealed poor microbiological quality of these waters. This exposes consumers to health risks, and it is important to inform and sensitize consumers about the risks involved, to educate producers and to control their activities by the health services.

Determination of Phenolic Compounds from Jimma Drinking Water Using 4-Aminoantipyrine

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 690-694
Author(s):  
Kassahun Dejene Belayneh ◽  
Khalid Siraj ◽  
Mengesha Tigist
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Jimma Town

The quality of drinking water in Ethiopia is an influential environmental factor of health and water can use as a medium for disease transmission in countries on all continents; all are affected from the poorest to the richest. Moreover, in our globe millions of people are unprotected to unsafe concentration of chemical pollutants in the drinking water. Dichlorohenols are considered as key water pollutants that are destructive to creatures at stumpy concentrations and many of them have been clustered as detrimental pollutants because of their probable to damage human health even in low concentration. This research aimed to determine phenolic compounds from drinking water of Jimma town which is found south west of Ethiopia, by using 4-Aminoantipyridine (AAP). The sample of drinking water before and after treatment was collected for determination of pollutants which classified as raw water (RW), treated water (TW) and system distributed water (SDW). The sample of water was preserved by phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid under pH 4 and distillation was carried out in order to remove sulfur containing compounds by addition of CuSO4 solution. In the analysis of water using 4-Aminoantipyrine the treated water and the system distributed water have been contained 2.73 ppb and 3.64 ppb which had more phenolic compounds as compared to raw water of 1.18 ppb. Therefore, the existence of phenolic compound in both treated and system distributed water of Jimma town drinking water has more phenolic compounds as compared to the permissible level of both Ethiopian Standard, 2 ppb and EPA Standards, 1 ppb.

scholarly journals PUBLIC ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY IN THE CITY OF NORILSK

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
N. V. Karmanovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Water Supply Network ◽  
Industrial Region ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The City ◽  
Concentration Of Impurities

According to UN estimates, the shortage of safe drinking water can become one of the most acute and pressing problems. The specificity of this problem for Russia is not a shortage of water resources, but their pollution and ongoing degradation of water bodies. The quality of water is understood as the totality of its properties associated with the nature and concentration of impurities in the water. Water analysis is the only tool for monitoring its condition and properties. During the experiment, a team of researchers took samples of drinking water from the water supply network in various districts of the Norilsk industrial region, studied the dependence of the quality characteristics of water on the location and sampling method. Based on the findings, conclusions on the quality of drinking water were drawn. During the experiment, the authors found that in terms of organoleptic indicators, drinking water in all areas of the NIR meets the requirements of Sanitary Rules and Regulations and GOST. Taking samples at three control points of the Norilsk industrial region, it has been proven that the water is soft and its salt content is mainly due to the presence of hardness salts. Having made the necessary analyses, the authors found that the presence of microorganisms in the water supply network of the NIR is not significant, the permanganate oxidisability indicator does not exceed the requirements of Sanitary Rules and Regulations.

scholarly journals About the question of the assessment of the drinking water quality in centralized water systems in the current conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-568
Author(s):  
Yuliya A. Novikova ◽  
K. B. Friedman ◽  
V. N. Fedorov ◽  
A. A. Kovshov ◽  
N. A. Tikhonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
The City

Introduction. Regulation of drinking water quality is a very important area of health care and improving the quality of life of the population of the Russian Federation.The aim of this work is the development a model for the assessment of the drinking water quality and calculating the share of the population, including urban, provided with high-quality drinking water from centralized water supply systems, taking into account new methodological approaches to the evaluation of the quality of drinking water using the example of water supply to settlements in the Leningrad Region. Material and methods. The data on the organization of centralized cold water supply systems and monitoring systems for drinking water quality and the results of laboratory studies of drinking water quality in the cities of Volkhov, Svetogorsk, Slantsy, Tosno were studied. Statistical processing of the results was performed, the categories of quality of drinking water supplied to the population were determined, the number of the population provided with high-quality drinking water from the water supply system was calculated in accordance with Guidelines 2.1.4.0143-19.Results. In 2018, 100% of the population was provided with quality drinking water only in the city of Slantsy. In the city of Tosno, this index reached of 83.5%. In the cities of Volkhov and Svetogorsk, drinking water was rated as low-quality. But it is worth noting that in the cities of Volkhov and Slantsy laboratory tests were carried out at 2 points, in the city of Svetogorsk - only at the 1 point, which, given the number of residents, is not enough. For an objective assessment of the state of drinking water and the development of measures aimed at improving its quality, it is necessary to increase the number of monitoring points, as well as to include the results of control and supervision measures and production laboratory control conducted by water supply organizations in the volume of laboratory information.Conclusion. The proposed model allows us to assess the drinking water quality in centralized water supply systems and the proportion of the population, including urban, provided with quality drinking water at the level of the water supply system, settlement, municipal district (urban district), subject of the Russian Federation

scholarly journals Physicochemical technology of pretreatment of dairy waste water using natural waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 04012
Author(s):  
Alla Smolyanichenko
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Technological Scheme ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Activated Biochar ◽  
Dairy Waste ◽  
The City ◽  
Physicochemical Technology

The growth in the production of dairy products entails the problem of treating wastewater from the operation of dairy plants. This article discusses the possibility of using a purification technological scheme using sorbents from natural waste, which is an alternative to the traditional one, which includes a biological stage. In this study, activated biochar from rice husks and graphite are used as sorbents. As a result of purification according to the proposed scheme, the quality of the treated water corresponds to the normative indicators when discharged into the city sewage network.

Economic analysis of drinking water services, case of the city of Souk-Ahras (Algeria)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
S. Boukhari ◽  
F. S. Pinto ◽  
H. Abida ◽  
Y. Djebbar ◽  
C. de Miras
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Economic Instruments ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Tariff Structure ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City

Abstract Water Supply and Sanitation Services (WSSS) face various constraints that hinder their development. The application of sustainable economic instruments may help WSSS policymakers improving the quality of service provision for their clients. This study shows the role of these economic instruments in WSSS management for the case of the city of Souk-Ahras (Algeria). A detailed analysis of expenditures and revenues, focusing on the tariff structure and subsidies, has been carried out. The results obtained show that WSSS in Souk-Ahras suffer from a relevant budget imbalance influenced by the high level of non-revenue water and the application of pricing that does not achieve cost recovery.

Direct potable reclamation in Windhoek: a critical review of the design philosophy of new Goreangab drinking water reclamation plant

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. du Pisani ◽  
J. G. Menge
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Design Philosophy ◽  
Fixed Part ◽  
Microorganism Removal ◽  
Safety Of Drinking Water ◽  
The City

Direct drinking water reclamation from the Goreangab reclamation plant, has been a reality in Windhoek, Namibia since 1968. Potable reclamation is a fixed part of the water supply and waste water has become an indispensible resource for the survival and continued growth of the city. The multi barrier concepts that were applied 40 years ago have been refined over many years. Improvements in water treatment technology have made it possible to improve the reliability and the drinking water quality of the reclamation treatment process. With the latest upgrade, which was designed 14 years ago and commissioned in 2002, a specific design philosophy was followed. This paper will assess whether the objectives of the design philosophy have been met in terms of removal efficiencies and safety of drinking water, which contains at present 25% reclaimed water. The basis and aims of the multi barrier design that was applied is discussed and with the aid of natural organic matter (NOM) and microorganism removal, the reliability of the philosophy is tested and compared with the goals set. Comparisons are drawn between the new plant and the previous plant and how the new plant is able to accommodate changes in raw water quality. It can be concluded that the water quality has been improved and the barrier principle does reduce the risk and improve the water quality.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER IN ELOBEID CITY, NORTH KORDOFAN STATE, SUDAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 293-296
Author(s):  
Halima Brima Gama Tigaidi ◽  
Dr. Mohammed Ismail Humaida ◽  
Dr.Kubra Ali Ebrahim Hammad
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Physical And Chemical Quality ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The City ◽  
Chemical Testing

This study was conducted in El-Obied City, North Kordofan State.The study comprised of 54 samples of water selected from houses, animal carts (karo), tankers, gerbas and main source of water bara basin and El-khazan (surface water )in El-Obied. The sample was divided over these sources following a process of stratified sampling combined with simple random samples with probability proportional to size of sample over the selected blocks where selection was at random in each stage. Physical and chemical testing of water was done using standard procedures. Two Samples of water were collected from the main sources of water in the City for physical and chemical analysis and 52 samples collected from blocks. The data were analyzed by computer. This study showed that 50% of the samples were without residual chlorine, and only 1.8% of samples were soft water. The study showed that 3.7% of samples had pH above WHO and SSMO Standard and also showed 18.5% of samples had turbidity above 5 NTU. KEY WORDS: Assessment, physical, chemical, drinking water, El-Obied

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