An Accurate Leakage Localization Method for Water Supply Network Based on Deep Learning Network

In the water supply network, leakage of pipes will cause water loss and increase the risk of environmental pollution. For water supply systems, identifying the leak point can improve the efficiency of pipeline leak repair. Most existing leak location methods can only locate the leak point approximately to the node or pipe section of the pipe network, but cannot locate the specific location of the pipe section. This paper presents a framework for accurate location of water supply network leakage based on ResNet. The framework is to pinpoint leaks to specific locations along the pipeline. The leakage of two kinds of pipe networks is simulated. For a pipe network containing 40 pipes, the positioning accuracy of the pipe section is 0.94, and the MSE of the specific location of the leakage point is 0.000435. For the pipe network containing 117 pipes, the positioning accuracy of the pipe section is 0.91, and the MSE of the specific location of the leakage point is 0.0009177, and the leak location ability under different sensor arrangements is analyzed. Experiments verify the robustness and applicability of the framework.

Optimal Design and Operation of Multi-Period Water Supply Network with Multiple Water Sources

A water supply network is an essential part of industrial and urban water systems. The water intake in a conventional water supply network varies periodically over time, depending on the amount of available water resources and the demand at water sinks or water-using units. This paper establishes a super-structural mathematical model for the optimal design and operation of a multi-period water supply network with multiple water sources. It considers the flow rate fluctuation of raw water availability and the demand of water sinks during different periods. The influence of multi-period demand variation on technology and the capacity selection of desalination water stations is examined, which affects the overall cost of the water supply network. The operating cost penalty factor is introduced, which quantitatively clarifies how the network operating status influences the operating costs. The comparison results of three scenarios considering with and without multi-period variation of water demand verify the validity of the proposed model, i.e., for a municipal water price of 4 CNY·t−1 and penalty factor of 0.3, one reverse osmosis desalination unit of capacity 800 t·h−1 is selected. However, in the multi-period case, two reverse osmosis desalination units with capacities of 500 t·h−1 and 300 t·h−1 are selected. In both cases, the operating costs are different because of the different operating status of the network. The work can guide the design and operation of industrial and urban water supply networks.

Analysis of the Negative Daily Temperatures Influence on the Failure Rate of the Water Supply Network

As a part of the critical infrastructure, water supply systems must be characterized by an appropriate level of operational reliability and safety. One of the threats to this is the failure of the water supply network, influenced by many factors, among which we can distinguish internal factors related to the process of designing, construction and system operation, and external factors related to the impact of the environment. The paper presents the influence of negative daily temperature on the failure rate of the water supply network, taking into account the material of the pipes, their diameters, and the cause of failure. The research was carried out on operational data from the period 2004–2018 from the water supply network in a city located in south-eastern Poland. The relationship between the daily temperature and the failure rate of the water supply system has been shown. As the temperature values drop, the failure rate values increase. The biggest influence of the negative daily temperature on the water supply network failure rate is observed for cast iron pipes. PE and PVC pipes are more resistant to the influence of negative temperatures. The most common cause of failure is corrosion and unsealing of the pipes. Pipes with the diameters of 100, 150, 300, 350, and 400 mm in distribution and main networks turned out to fail most often. These results can be used by water supply companies to limit the influence of factors related to negative daily temperatures on the failure rate of the water supply network.

Research on Design of the Safety Supervision System for Desalinated Seawater Entering Urban Water Supply Network

Desalinated seawater enters the urban water supply network on a large scale, which brings new challenges to water quality assurance. In order to strengthen the safety supervision of the pipeline network, ensure the stability of water quality, prevent pipeline corrosion, and avoid the “red water” problem, this study constructed a safety supervision system for desalinated seawater entering the urban water supply pipeline network. In this system, the on-line monitoring system can monitor water quality, water quantity, water pressure and the corrosion of pipeline network in real-time. Early warning system can quickly identify problems and initiate based on the threshold exceeding, statistical analysis, and model prediction. The safety regulation system (including water source regulation system, water quality adjustment system and operation management system) is used to regulate and control water quality problems in the urban water supply network. The application of this safety supervision system is conducive to improving regulation efficiency and ensuring water supply safety.