Research on obtaining gadolinium oxide from waste technologies for processing of uranium-gadolinium containing materials

One of the activities of the Uranium production of JSC “UMP” is the processing of hard-to-open uranium-gadolinium-containing scraps. When processing materials of this type, after their dissolution, the gadolinium fluoride precipitation operation is carried out with the subsequent extraction purification of the obtained uranyl nitrate solutions. At the deposition stage, almost all the gadolinium contained in the scraps is transferred to the GdF3 precipitate and sent to the tailings dump as part of the solid waste. In order to determine the possibility of obtaining gadolinium oxide from waste processing of uran-gadolinium containing materials, exploratory studies were initiated. In the course of the work, various methods of obtaining gadolinium oxide were tested. A number of experiments were carried out to refine the modes of obtaining gadolinium oxide by the method of two-stage precipitation of oxalate. A technological scheme was developed, according to which a finished product was obtained, suitable for further use in the technology of obtaining uranium-gadolinium tablets of UMP JSC. The scheme consists of the following main operations: dissolution of gadolinium fluoride in a solution of aluminum nitrate, precipitation of gadolinium oxalate, washing of gadolinium oxalate in the first stage of precipitation with a solution of nitric acid, conversion of oxalate to gadolinium hydroxide, dissolution of hydroxide in a solution of nitric acid, re-precipitation of gadolinium oxalate, calcination to gadolinium oxide.

GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY

Elaboration of the method of creating a web-GIS of Polish burials at the Baikove Cemetery in Kyiv. Achieving this goal involves the following tasks: to develop the structure of the geographic information system, its framework and to fill the file database. For realization of the set tasks the technological scheme consisting of 12 stages of work is offered. The first stage involved the collection of cartographic and descriptive data on the territory of the object of study, as well as the search for possible registers of Polish burials within the object under study. In the second stage, field surveys were performed to determine the coordinates of each grave of the Polish burials at the Baikove Cemetery using a GIS tablet with an RTK antenna LT700H (accuracy up to 0.30 m). The total number of coordinated points was 565, which were concentrated in 7 sections of the cemetery. The third stage included the coordination of reference points and the binding of this support in the GIS MapInfo environment of the fragment of the topographic plan of Kyiv on a scale of 1: 2000 to the territory of the Baikove Cemetery. There were a total of 11 landmarks. The maximum binding error is 0.2 m. In the fourth stage, all point objects were displayed according to their coordinates on the basis of the map and the corresponding symbols were selected. The next step was to develop and populate a relational database for point objects. The database contained the following columns: grave number, name and surname of the buried person, grave coordinates and hyperlinks to burial information in the file database. Next, all map layers were exported to html format, and the point object layer was exported to kml format using a universal translator, which allowed to view burial data in GoogleEarth. At the eighth stage of the technological scheme the structure of layouts of each html-page of the created online GIS was developed. All map data had hyperlinks to the selected AOI objects. In the case of the Baikove Cemetery scheme, plots with Polish burials were marked. Clicking on them opened a topographic plan with marked point objects of burials. In turn, when you click on them, information about the burial appeared from the file database. At the tenth stage, 5 sheets of topographic plans with burials were generated. One sheet of scale 1: 2000 and four sheets of scale 1: 500, for better "spreading" and initialization of burials. The eleventh stage is devoted to the creation and filling of a file database on Polish burials. This database contained the following structure: photo of the burial, coordinates, surname and name, years of life, additional photographs (if available), sex of the buried person, interpreted inscription on the tombstone, as well as, if possible, detailed information and belonging of the buried person to a certain profession, its outstanding achievements and accomplishments. At the last stage, the hyperlinks of the transition between the pages were configured and the system was tested. The scientific novelty lies in the development of the concept of joint use of various applications of geoinformation and non-geoinformation purposes. The technological scheme of creation of WEB-GIS of Polish burials of the Baikove Cemetery in Kyiv is offered. Implemented geographic information system is designed for inventory of burials, analysis of the condition of tombstones and their spatial location in the cemetery. In addition, the created GIS can be used for tourism purposes and in the study of historical figures of Polish origin.

Improvement of cottage cheese technology

In recent years, the prospect of improving the technology of cereal cottage cheese using linseed oil has been widely used to improve and maintain their quality, increase the biological and nutritional value of the finished product, and increase the shelf life. In the course of the work, the number of components of the cottage cheese with the addition of linseed oil was selected, a technological scheme was developed. Physicochemical and microbiological changes were investigated, and the energy value of the resulting product was calculated. (per 100 g of product: 774kj/178 kcal: fats 10.42 g (52%); protein 18 g (40%); carbohydrates 3.3 g (8%)).

Cold production reducing energy costs using ozone-friendly refrigerants

The article considers ways to reduce energy costs in the cold using ozone-safe refrigerants production. In this case, it is necessary to include an air-cooled heat exchanger-pre-condenser in the technological scheme of refrigeration. The conditions for the pre-capacitor for a certain performance selection are formulated. The results of the presented calculations prove a decrease in the annual energy consumption for cold production in comparison with the technological scheme with external cooling and a cascade system. The energy consumption reducing principle of the installation due to the air pre-condenser can also be realized by installing a heat-exchanger on the discharge of low-temperature compressors to heat water for the enterprise needs, receiving free heat energy all year round.

Disinfection of drinking water with ozone by the method of electrodispersion

This article analyzes the existing methods for disinfecting drinking water with ozone and identifies their disadvantages. The substantiation of the method of water disinfection with ozone using electrodispersion is given. The description of the technological scheme of water disinfection using the method of electrodispersion is given. The description of the design of the electric spray is given. The results of production tests of a device for water disinfection on the water of open reservoirs and artesian wells are presented.

CONSTRUCTION-TECHNOLOGICAL SCHEME AND PARAMETERS OF EQUIPMENT FOR ULTRASOUND DISINTEGRATION OF PLANT RAW MATERIALS

Purpose of the study. Improving the efficiency of ultrasonic disintegration of plant raw materials based on the search for rational (in terms of ensuring the required level of disintegration of plant raw materials) parameters of the cavitation chamber, properties of the suspension, and processing modes. Research methods. Methods of analysis and generalization of the results of scientific research of the processes of ultrasonic treatment of liquids and suspensions were used to substantiate the rational design and technological scheme and parameters of equipment for ultrasonic disintegration of plant raw materials. The results of the study. Acoustic piezoelectric cavitators with a low (up to 5.0 W/cm2) intensity of ultrasound, which is introduced into the liquid or suspension through the bottom (walls) of an open non-resonant cavitation chamber, are the most suitable for cavitation treatment of aqueous suspensions of plant bioresources. Ultrasonic emitters in this case are rigidly attached to the outside of the bottom (walls) of the cavitation chamber. Based on the analysis of research results, the design of a device for ultrasonic treatment of suspensions of plant raw materials was proposed. Conclusions. It is established that the main parameters determining the efficiency of the process of ultrasonic disintegration of plant raw material suspensions are the presence of an effective layer and rational intensity of ultrasonic influence on the medium in the cavitation chamber, which depends on the physical and mechanical properties of the treated medium. Based on the analysis, a structural and technological scheme of the device for ultrasonic treatment of suspensions is proposed.

Development of technological scheme of microwave - units for grain drying

In the agriculture of Ukraine, a variety of drying installations are used, the design of which should ensure uniform heating and drying of grain, while at the same time allowing to control the temperature and humidity in the grain mass. The choice of an appropriate dryer can significantly improve the quality of dried grain, increase production profitability, increase production, reduce drying costs, and reduce energy costs. Currently, the most common drying method is convective, the disadvantages of existing convective grain dryers are low efficiency, low specific moisture removal, uneven drying, high costs of the drying agent, high energy consumption. The purpose of the study is to develop a drying plant designed for high throughput. The use of grain drying technology using microwave electromagnetic fields provides a number of significant advantages over conventional dryers that use only a thermal agent. Grain drying technology using microwave electromagnetic fields can be used in combined dryers. The technological scheme of the drying installation is developed, which is based on the principle of microwave heating, which allows to intensify the external and internal transfer during drying. In the developed scheme the drying process takes place in three working zones. In the first zone, heating is carried out by irradiation with an electromagnetic field in the microwave range of seeds to a certain temperature, the second - the aging of the seeds, where moisture is released in the inter-grain space. In the third zone, the layer is blown by air flow with the organization of fluidization. The main design and mode parameters using the software environment "Flowvision" are determined. Key words: grain, microwave oven, dryers, installation, electromagnetic field

Technical vision system for apple defects recognition: justification, development, testing

The most rational method for identifying the quality of fruits is the optical method using PPE, which has the accuracy and stability of measurement, as well as distance and high productivity. The paper presents classification of fruit quality recognition systems and substantiates the design and technological scheme of the vision system for sorting them, consisting of an optical module with installed structural illumination and a video camera, an electronic control unit with an interface and actuators for the sorter and conveyor for fruits. In the course of the study, a single-stream type of fruit flow in PPE with forced rotation was substantiated, a structural and technological scheme of an STZ with a feeding conveyor, an optical module and a control unit, an algorithm for functioning of the STZ software was developed based on algorithm for segmentation of fruit colors, tracking algorithm, etc. deep learning ANN, which provide recognition of the size and color of fruits, as well as damage from mechanical stress, pests and diseases. The developed STZ has been introduced into the processing line for sorting and packing apples, LSP-4 has successfully passed preliminary tests and production tests at OJSC Ostromechevo. In the course of preliminary tests of the LSP-4 line, it was found that it provided fruit recognition with a probability of at least 95%, while the labor productivity made 2.5 t/h.

Feasibility study of technology of industrial hemp seeds complex processing

In various groups of the population of Ukraine due to an unbalanced diet there is a “hidden hunger”, which leads to a slowdown in intellectual development and reduced productivity, falling production capacity as a result of increased morbidity and disability, as well as catastrophic loss of human potential. The article is devoted to the development of technology for complex processing of industrial hemp seeds. It is shown that the scientific substantiation and creation of the specified technology provides production of food hemp products of high quality, and the amount of waste in their production is minimal. A technological scheme of industrial hemp seeds complex processing has been developed, which consists of two main technological lines: hemp seed felling, production of hemp oil and bulk hemp products. These processes can be both sequential and parallel depending on the needs of production. The scheme provides for the production of only hemp kernel, or only oil and cake, or oil and bulk hemp products (flour, “protein” and bran). According to the developed technological scheme of industrial hemp seeds complex processing, the following ready hemp products were obtained: kernel, oil, “protein”, flour and bran. The technical conditions for these products were developed and approved in 2019 by the director of Desnaland Limited Liability Company. Finished products can be used as stand-alone foods and as ingredients in health food technologies. According to the results of the calculations, the cost of 1 kg of hemp kernel is 226.49 UAH, 1 kg of hemp oil is 206.65 UAH, 1 sachet of hemp oil is 4.13 UAH, 1 kg of hemp “protein” is 503.78 UAH, 1 kg of hemp flour is 16.23 UAH, 1 kg of hemp bran is 39.64 UAH; the level of profitability is 42.1 %, the payback period is 2.1 years. The proposed technology of industrial hemp seeds complex processing can be recommended for use in the agro-industrial sector.