The fate and behaviour of human estrogens in a night soil treatment process

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Takigami ◽  
N. Taniguchi ◽  
T. Matsuda ◽  
M. Yamada ◽  
Y. Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Unique System ◽  
Yeast Assay ◽  
And Behavior

A night soil treatment plant which collects a high amount of human urine and excreta, is a very unique system to Japan and the object of this investigation on the fate and behavior of the human estrogens in the water treatment process. Water and sludge samples at different treatment phases were taken at a night soil treatment plant. Their hydrophobic fractions were assayed using an in vitro yeast assay (yeast estrogen screen) and an enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) employed for the detection of overall estrogenic activity and 17β-estradiol (E2), respectively. Estrogenic activity observed by the yeast assay was quantified as E2 concentration equivalent, which was comparable with E2 concentration measured by the ELISA, in order to estimate the contribution of E2 to the total activity. Based on the ELISA results, a sketch of the mass balance of E2 in the treatment system was drawn and treatability of E2 was discussed.

Impact of activated sludge process configuration on removal of micropollutants and estrogenicity

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. O. Ogunlaja ◽  
W. J. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Nonyl Phenol ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Recombinant Yeast Assay ◽  
Yeast Assay ◽  
Estrogenic Responses

The efficacy of three different wastewater treatment configurations, conventional activated sludge (CAS), nitrifying activated sludge (NAS) and biological nutrient removal (BNR) for removal of selected micropollutants from authentic wastewater was investigated. The processes were also characterized based on their proficiency to reduce the estrogenic activity of the influent wastewater using the in vitro recombinant yeast assay. The removal efficiency of trimethoprim improved with the complexity of the three treatment process configurations. Ibuprofen, androstendione, sulfamethoxazole, nonyl-phenol, estrone and bisphenol-A had moderate to high removals (>65%) while carbamazepine and meprobamate remained recalcitrant in the three treatment process configurations. The removal of gemfibrozil was better in the NAS than in BNR and CAS treatment configurations. The yeast estrogen screen (YES) assay analyses showed an improvement in estrogenicity removal in the BNR and NAS treatment configurations as compared to the CAS treatment configuration. Comparing the estrogenic responses from the three treatment configurations, the removal efficiencies followed the order of BNR = NAS > CAS and all were greater than 81%.

Bisphenol A emission factors from industrial sources and elimination rates in a sewage treatment plant

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fuerhacker
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
In Vitro Test

Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used for the production of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics and is considered an endocrine disruptor. Special in vitro test systems and animal experiments showed a weak estrogenic activity. Aquatic wildlife especially could be endangered by waste water discharges. To manage possible risks arising from BPA emissions the major fluxes need to be investigated and the sources of the contamination of municipal treatment plants need to be determined. In this study, five major industrial point sources, two different household areas and the influent and effluent of the corresponding treatment plant (WWTP) were monitored simultaneously at a plant serving 120,000 population equivalents. A paper producing plant was the major BPA contributor to the influent load of the wastewater treatment plant. All the other emissions from point sources, including the two household areas, were considerably lower. The minimum elimination rate in the WTTP could be determined at 78% with an average of 89% of the total BPA-load. For a possible pollution-forecast, or for a comparison between different point sources, emission factors based on COD-emissions were calculated for industrial and household point sources at BPA/COD-ratios between 1.4 ×10−6-125×10−6 and 1.3×10−6-6.3×10−6, respectively.

scholarly journals Research on improving water quality using two experimental statistical methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 08014
Author(s):  
Mihail Aurel Ţîţu ◽  
Andrei Victor Sandu ◽  
Costel Ceocea ◽  
Alina Bianca Pop ◽  
Ştefan Ţîţu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Taguchi’S Method ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Experiment Method ◽  
Points Of View

This scientific paper addresses the importance of water treatment process until it becomes drinkable, studying the treatment process from different points of view that are considered to be relevant. The choice of this subject was motivated by the water consumption importance for the entire population, the scientific paper proposing to study in what way this water treatment process could be improved, using for analysis two methods of experimental statistical modeling, namely the Taguchi's method and the factorial experiment method. The purpose of this scientific paper was to identify the deficiencies of the water treatment process after it entered the treatment plant and analyze is carried out using the two mentioned methods above, were continued by finding optimization solutions for the process. These solutions are intended to avoid the situations in which the treatment plant may be unable to cover the required volume of drinking water and to ensure the quality of the drinking water supplied to consumers according to the legislation to date. The knowledge benefit of this research consists in the realization of the research intentions formulated and the practical applicability of the results.

Detection and removal of estrogencity in membrane biological reactors

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.Y. Hu ◽  
X. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Fate And Behavior

Three pilot-scale submerged membrane bioreactors (MBRs) in a local wastewater treatment plant (K, M and Z) were studied with the objective to compare the performance of pre-denitrification MBR systems in eliminating the estrogenic activity of the effluent of primary clarifier. A total of 5 batches of samples, which included influent, effluent, supernatant and sludge from the respective aerobic and anoxic tanks were collected over the span. They were investigated by using the developed solid-phase extraction (SPE) protocol coupled with a modified yeast-based estrogen screen (YES) assay. From the results, it could be seen that M MBR demonstrated the best endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) removal efficiency. The fate and behavior of EDCs in MBR systems were fairly understood with estrogenic activity formation dominating in the anoxic tank and removal dominating in the aerobic tank. It is believed that the sorption of EDCs onto the sludge as well as biodegradation of EDCs might be the key mechanisms for the EDCs removal. The low response of YES when dealing with influent samples was mainly due to the inhibition and antagonist effects induced by the influent samples on yeast cells.

scholarly journals Effect of water treatment process on organochlorine pesticide residue levels in Ahvaz water treatment plant 2

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-352
Author(s):  
Saeed Samani Majd ◽  
Mohammad Hassan Rabie Rad ◽  
Zahra Nazari ◽  
Abdolazim Behfar ◽  
Gholamreza Reissi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticide Residue ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Rotary Vacuum

One of the main hazards of human life and health is the presence of pesticides in the aquatic system is. The Karun River is the surface water source in the preparation of drinking water for the city of Ahvaz city at the Ahvaz Water Treatment Plant (AWTP) #2. This study was done in order to investigate the statue of qualification and the quantification of the contamination of water entering into (AWTP #2) by selected organochlorine pesticides [(α, β, γ, δ )HCH, heptachlor, alderin, dielderin, (op’ , pp’ ) DDT, (α, β) endosulfan and metoxychlor], plus the water treatment effects on these pesticide residues removal. For this purpose, one composite sample from each of the water treatment process steps was taken monthly which was comprised of 20 grab samples in 2008. Water samples were acidified to pH < 2, extracted three times with n-hexane, and concentrated using a rotary vacuum evaporator for Florisil column chromatography cleanup and fractioned by elution with three different solvent mixtures of petroleum and diethyl ether. Finally, the elutes were concentrated to dryness using rotary vacuum evaporator and then the residues were dissolved in hexane and analyzed by GC- μECD. All 12 investigated organochlorine pesticides were detected. Results of this study indicated that concentration of investigated pesticides decreased (according to the kind of pesticide) by 20% to 80% and the mean of total concentration was reduced by 49% during water treatment process steps. There was a significant positive correlation (r=97.75%) between variation in the concentration of poisons and the total organic matter (KMnO4 value).

scholarly journals Energy and Chemicals Consumption Evaluation in Water Treatment Plant. A comparative study between Bacau and Turin

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 881-886
Author(s):  
Florina Fabian ◽  
Valentin Nedeff ◽  
Narcis Birsan ◽  
Emilian Mosnegutu
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Water Treatment Process

The total energy demand of water treatment plant Bacau (WTP Bacau) was evaluated at 239.94 MW h/y, in case of SMAT (Turin-Iataly) total energy demand of the plant was evaluated at 2.235,454.9 MW h/y, and 6,9 % is for WT. Chemicals consumption, is relative and depends on raw water turbidity at WTP Bacau, during the winter period raw water is very clean and requires only a simple chlorination, on the other hand at SMAT chemicals consumption, is 5.325 t/y and 8.8% is used for water treatment process.

Estrogen and estrogen mimics contamination in water and the role of sewage treatment

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Matsui ◽  
H. Takigami ◽  
T. Matsuda ◽  
N. Taniguchi ◽  
J. Adachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Yeast Estrogen Screen ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Fate And Behavior

The yeast estrogen screen was applied to sewage treatment process waters to identify the presence of estrogenic activity and to investigate the fate and behavior of estrogenic substances through treatment. Hydrophobic fractions in the water phase were extracted and concentrated using C18 cartridges for the effective extraction of 17β-estradiol (E2) and other estrogen mimics. Clear dose-dependent elevation in the synthesis of β-galactosidase in the yeast screen was observed with all the samples tested, demonstrating that these samples were estrogenic. However, estrogenic activity tended to reduce during the treatment, especiallyiin the biological process. Quantification results of the yeast estrogen screen in terms of E2 equivalent were compared with actual E2 concentrations measured by an ELISA. E2 occupied 34% of the whole estrogenicity in the raw sewage, while almost 100% in the final effluent. The analyses of the sewage treatment process waters revealed that human estrogens are major causative substances in terms of estrogenic activity in sewage and its treated effluent. Although findings of possible correlation of environmental estrogens with the real impact on human health and the ecosystem are still the focus of scientific debate and investigation, proper management should be established in the sewage treatment process which receives various environmental contaminants.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY IN SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT EFFLUENTS INVOLVING THREE IN VITRO ASSAYS AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF STEROIDS

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara V. Rutishauser ◽  
Maija Pesonen ◽  
Beate I. Escher ◽  
Gabriele E. Ackermann ◽  
Hans-Rudolf Aerni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
In Vitro Assays
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