Multi-criteria decision support for annual rehabilitation programmes in drinking water networks

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Baur ◽  
P. Le Gauffre ◽  
S. Sægrov
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of projects in the annual rehabilitation plan of a drinking water network requires the consideration of different aspects of existing deficiencies and expected improvements in the water supply system. With a field study of 12 water utilities in Europe, the objectives of drinking water network rehabilitation are identified. These objectives are assigned to a number of “points of view” that can be divided in two types: internal and external points of view. Internal points of view mainly affect the cost and the monetary benefits of rehabilitation measures for the utility. External benefits of rehabilitation result from a better hydraulic performance of the system, from improved system reliability or reduction of risks and therefore, they contribute to customer and third party satisfaction. Nine points of view are rendered more precisely by 17 criteria. The criteria are expressed by detailed cost functions, quantification of current deficiencies, assessment of risks or assessment of the pipe’s potential contribution to zonal problems. Examples are given of criteria definitions and their calculation for using them in procedures of aiding decisions. This paper is a report on ongoing work in the CARE-W European project.

Accuracy in water losses estimation in the distribution network - the Paris case

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water System ◽  
Supply System ◽  
The State ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
One Year ◽  
Water Metering

The yield of a distribution network represents one of the indicators most commonly used by water distributors to account for the state of the volumes of losses over a given period or to measure the evolution of these losses from one year to the next, generally speaking. However, contrary to what might be thought, complex situations and very differing interpretations are to be found on the back of the result of the calculation of the volumes of water lost in the distribution network. A study of drinking water network yield was carried out in Paris in 2001 so as to get a better grasp of the developments recorded since 1987. The consequences of the changes that have taken place during this period have each been measured: alterations to the organisation of the water system, developments affecting the structure of the supply system, technical improvements in the wholesale water metering systems and overall reduction in volumes consumed.

Operation of dual drinking and non-potable water networks in Paris: advantages and constraints

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
B. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Public Gardens ◽  
Urban Concentration ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The City ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Main Consumer ◽  
Means Of Production

Paris is one of the very few cities in the world equipped with a dual network system: the drinking water network is duplicated by a totally independent non-potable water network which possesses its own means of production, storage and distribution pipes. In this second network there circulates untreated water characterized by pressure lower than that observed in the drinking water network. The fact that the constraints governing non-potable water are less than for drinking water is reflected in lower margins in relation to comparative production and storage capacity. Non-potable water in Paris has existed for two centuries; it is very inexpensive and its use in large quantities forms part of the landscape to which Parisians are accustomed. 98% of non-potable water consumption are restricted to the uses of water linked to urban concentration for the comfort or safety of town dwellers: hydrants, fountains, street cleaning, watering of public gardens, flushing of the sewers etc. Therefore, the main consumer being the city of Paris, the operation of the non-potable water network differs in many ways from that applied to the drinking water network. The economic context, the technical implications and the ecological repercussions of the use of non-potable water provide an alternative solution to the exclusive use of drinking water which seems to be efficient and attractive. This exceptional situation does not only offer advantages especially when one analyses the consequences for the network of waste water or the cost of maintaining a dual pipe network.

scholarly journals Developing water supply system in Szőgye

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolett Fecser ◽  
István Lakatos
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The deteriorative processes occurring in the environment, the growth of population, the water demand of industry and agriculture, point out day after day the increasing role of water management. The economical use of drinking-water consumption as well as the cost reduction is becoming more and more important. In this research, the measure of a water supplier of Győr was examined in terms of implementing the purposes above.

Evaluation of consumers’ preferences on drinking waters considering the information provision effect

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1057-1067
Author(s):  
Iwato Amano ◽  
Kiyo Kurisu ◽  
Keisuke Hanaki
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
Selection Of

Despite a high drinkable quality, many people avoid tap water because of vague anxiety about its safety. Conjoint analysis (CA) was conducted to determine what factors are considered important for consumers’ selection of drinking water. The information provision effect was also investigated inside CA profiles using different model equations. Results indicate that the perception of the safety of tap water was much lower than that of other waters. Higher levels of water hardness and cancer risk negatively influenced selection of drinking water, while third-party certifications about taste and safety positively impacted it. When cancer risk was shown in a CA profile, the weight given to other attributes decreased. Among different socio-demographic groups, gender was important in establishing drinking water preferences with men paying less attention to the benefits of water-dispensers and certifications from third parties. Besides, age also has some influence on drinking water selection. People's consciousness of taste, safety, cost, and handling for drinking water were assessed using an analytic hierarchy process and the scores were incorporated in a CA equation. The results suggest that improving people's perceptions of the taste and safety of tap water can promote consumers’ selection of tap water as drinking water.

scholarly journals Application of the Jaya algorithm to solve the optimal reliability allocation for reduction oxygen supply system of a spacecraft

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 1202
Author(s):  
Saad Abbas Abed ◽  
Mohammad Aljanabi ◽  
Noor Hayder Abdul Ameer ◽  
Mohd Arfian Ismail ◽  
Shahreen Kasim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Jaya Algorithm ◽  
Specific System ◽  
Cut Method ◽  
System Reliability Optimization ◽  
The Cost

In this paper the reliability of reduction oxygen supply system (ROSS) of a spacecraft which was calculated as a complex system using minimal cut method. The reliability of each component of system was calculated as well as the reliability importance of the system. The cost of each component of the system was possible approaches of the allocation values of reliability based the minimization of the overall cost in this system. The advantage of this algorithm can be used to allocate the optimization of reliability for simple or complex system. This optimization is achieved using the Jaya algorithm. The proposed technique is based on the notion that a conclusion reached on a particular problem should pass near the best results and avoid the worst outcomes. The original findings of this paper are: i) the system used in this paper is a spacecraft’s reduced oxygen supply system with the logarithmic cost function; and ii) the results obtained were by using the Jaya algorithm to solve specific system reliability optimization problems.

Development of the algorithm for the selection of a wind generator-based autonomous power supply system

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Khlyupin ◽  
G. N. Ispulaeva
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Supply System ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Energy Devices ◽  
Wind Generator ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction: The co-authors provide an overview of the main types of wind turbines and power generators installed into wind energy devices, as well as advanced technological solutions. The co-authors have identified the principal strengths and weaknesses of existing wind power generators, if applied as alternative energy sources. The co-authors have proven the need to develop an algorithm for the selection of a wind generator-based autonomous power supply system in the course of designing windmill farms in Russia. Methods: The co-authors have analyzed several types of wind turbines and power generators. Results and discussions: The algorithm for the selection of a wind generator-based autonomous power supply system is presented as a first approximation. Conclusion: The emerging algorithm enables designers to develop an effective wind generator-based autonomous power supply system.

Reingold, N. (2017). Literature of English Modernism. History. Problematics. Poetics. A textbook. Moscow: RGGU.

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 276-281
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Panova
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Academic Discourse ◽  
Literary Modernism ◽  
Reading List ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
University Curricula ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Selection Of

The review gives a write-up of the edition, its structure, composition and its material. The guidelines for teaching British literary Modernism, methods and concepts offered in the book are subject to a detailed analysis. The critical appraisal of its innovations, its tendency to extend and revise the canonical topics and the reading list, offer new points of view and unordinary approaches (in contrast with typical university curricula) is followed by critical remarks targeted at its weak points – poor reasoning and certain groundless pronouncements one sometimes comes across, principles that underlie the selection of material in particular chapters and paragraphs, correctness of style and conformity with the conventions of academic discourse. It is also emphasized that the book in question is a fascinating and enriching reading that will be duly appreciated by the students as well as colleagues and all readers interested in the British literary Modernism.

DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC, CADMIUM, LEAD, COOPER AND ZINC IN DRINKING WATER FROM R. MACEDONIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1259-1264
Author(s):  
Kiril Lisichkov ◽  
Katerina Atkovska ◽  
Neven Trajchevski ◽  
Orce Popovski ◽  
Nadica Todorovska
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
The City

The presence of some chemical compounds at higher levels than maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) in the drinking water, suggests of water resources pollution. In this paper the following elements were analyzed: total arsenic, cadmium, lead, cooper and zinc. Twelve samples of water from the water supply system from the city of Skopje were examined during one year from three different springs. Also, ten samples of bottled water from three producers from the Macedonian market were tested.The determined average mass concentrations of total As, Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) in the analyzed water samples from the water supply system are 1.35 μg/l, 0.06 μg/l, 0.6 μg/l, 0.9 μg/l and 1,12 μg/l, respectively, and for the tested bottled water, the mean values ranges from 0.56 - 0.83 μg total As / l, 0.053 - 0.056 μg Cd(II)/l, 0.51 - 0.54 μg Pb(II)/l , 0.6 - 0.87 μg Cu(II)/l and 0.68 - 0.8 μg Zn(II)/l water.The following instrumental analytical methods and techniques were used for the analysis of the tested samples of drinking water: flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic absorption spectroscopy with hydride cеll, electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy.The obtained results are shown in tables and graphic form. According to the obtained results a comparative analysis was carried out indicate that it is a water of good quality that can be used in different branches of the process industry.The obtained results in this paper do not exceed the values of the MPC of the Republic of Macedonia prescribed by the legal regulations for the drinking water, which confirm the health safety of the drinking water from the water supply system in the city of Skopje and the packed waters from the Macedonian market in relation to the tested elements.

Determination of the minimum number of technological bases of a part

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-75
Author(s):  
B.M. Bazrov ◽  
T.M. Gaynutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Cost Price ◽  
Labor Input ◽  
Part Surface ◽  
Technological Base ◽  
Size Accuracy ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Input Cost ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of technological bases is considered before the choice of the type of billet and the development of the route of the technological process. A technique is proposed for selecting the minimum number of sets of technological bases according to the criterion of equality in the cost price of manufacturing the part according to the principle of unity and combination of bases at this stage. Keywords: part, surface, coordinating size, accuracy, design and technological base, labor input, cost price. [email protected]

System Analysis of Source Water Indicators at Drinking Water Production in the Central Water Supply System

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
G A Blagodatsky ◽  
A A Bass ◽  
M M Gorokhov ◽  
D S Ponomarev
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Drinking Water Production

Работа посвящена системному анализу данных показателей исходной воды при производстве питьевой воды в системе центрального водоснабжения крупного населенного пункта. На сегодняшний день на фоне увеличивающегося негативного антропогенного воздействия на окружающую среду наблюдается ухудшение состояния многих источников питьевого водоснабжения в широком спектре показателей, в частности, таких как органолептические свойства воды. Как следствие, возникает проблема и для питьевой воды. В работе приводится процесс подготовки данных о параметрах исходной воды, забираемой из водохранилища, которые ежемесячно (с 2002 по 2014 год) учитывались на предприятии при дезодорации воды. Приведенные параметры оказывают существенное влияние на органолептические свойства конечной воды. Подготовка данных для анализа проводится методом главных компонент К. Пирсона. Данные, полученные в пространстве R9, переводятся в пространство меньшей размерности R3. Понижение размерности позволяет снизить автокорреляцию между компонентами. Отбор компонент в пространство R3 проводится по правилу Парето. В пространстве R3 методом сферической кластеризации данных «Форель» с постоянным радиусом группировки проводится кластеризация. Приводится пошаговое визуальное представление алгоритма кластеризации в пространстве R3. В работе показано, что в данных показателях качества исходной воды имеются кластеры. Проводится корреляционно-регрессионный анализ данных, представленных в главных компонентах. Строятся регрессионные зависимости показателей органолептических свойств от главных компонент из пространства R3.

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