scholarly journals Characteristics of domestic wastewater and estimation of required johkasou capacity for buildings in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 738-747
Author(s):  
S. Kumokawa ◽  
Y. Shirakawa ◽  
P. Flamand
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pollutant Loads ◽  
Black Water ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Quantity and quality of raw domestic wastewater are reviewed and discussed for packaged plants, known as johkasou, in Japan. A method for the estimation of johkasou capacity in terms of population equivalent, or PE, was introduced and discussed in this paper. It was found that the pollutant loads of domestic wastewater were respectively BOD 45 g, CODMn 23 g, SS 37 g, TN 9.3 g and TP 1.1 g per capita per day on average. It shows that the BOD load of wastewater from kitchens is higher than that of black water. The estimation of the johkasou capacity needed for buildings can be done using a series of formulas, which forms an important estimation method for the implementation of on-site wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SERAT PLASTIK PADA PROSES BIOFILTER TERCELUP UNTUK PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH RUMAH TANGGA NON TOILET

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusa Idaman Said
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Household Wastewater ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
Plan Study ◽  
Show Difference

Water pollution in the big cities in Indonesia, especially in DKI Jakarta has shown serious problems. One of the potential sources of water pollution is domestic wastewater that is wastewater from kitchens, laundry, bathing and toilets. These problems have become more serious since the spreads of sewerage systems are still low, so that domestic, institutional and commercial wastewater causes severe water pollution in many rivers or shallow ground water. Based on the fact that the progress of development of sewerage system is still low, it is important to develop low cost technology for individual house hold or semi communal wastewater treatment such as using anaerobic and aerobic submerged biofilter. This paper describes the pilot plan study of individual household wastewater treatment using anaerobic and aerobic submerged biofilter using plastic fiber media. The raw wastewater in this experiment was from household wastewater. Results of experiment shows that under operating condition 12-24 hours hydraulic retention time, the treated water was physically very clear, and according on chemical analysis the removal efficiency of BOD is 73.24 – 94.92 %, COD 65.80 – 90.76 %, total suspended solids (TSS) 95.60 – 97.69 %, and detergent (MBAS) 56.80 – 88.51 %, respectively. Compared to attempt by using charcoal media, the quality of treated water did not show  difference significantly.  Kata Kunci  : Limbah domestik non toilet, biofilter anaerob-aerob, media serat palstik.

scholarly journals WASTEWATER TREATMENT EFFICIENCY CASE OF OXYLAG WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT, MHAYA (MOROCCO)

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Bouhlal A. ◽  
Chahlaoui A. ◽  
Bouzid J. ◽  
Farhaoui M.
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
High Purification ◽  
Nominal Capacity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Pollution Removal

The wastewater from the urban commune of Mhaya (Morocco) was rejected directly into Ben Kazza river without treatment. This situation caused a widespread, massive, varied and insidious pollution of the environment. A wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) has been constructed in 2010 in order to preserve the nature surrounding the center. Called Oxylag, the plant has a nominal capacity of 6000 Equivalent Inhabitants. It is based on intensive treatment and it is considered as pilot and unique in Morocco. The treatment is consisting on three basins ventilated by insufflation of artificial air and a basin of finishing. The present study aim is the assessment of the purification performance of this plant during 2012, through the analysis of the pollution parameters (COD, BOD5 and TSS), which is the subject of the Moroccan standards on the quality of domestic wastewater defined by the decree Number 1607-06 of 25 July 2006. The results show a high purification performance in terms of carbon pollution removal (93% for BOD5, 79% for COD and 64% for TSS).

Municipal wastewater characteristics in Thailand and effects of soft intervention measures in households on pollutant discharge reduction

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Tsuzuki ◽  
T. Koottatep ◽  
S. Jiawkok ◽  
S. Saengpeng
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Environmental Accounting ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Black Water ◽  
Gray Water ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Pollutant Discharge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

In developing countries with large Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) sanitation indicator, pollutant discharge reduction function of wastewater treatment systems should be considered. In this paper, pollutant generations per capita (PGCs) and pollutant discharges per capita (PDCs) are estimated as a base dataset for wastewater management in Thailand. PDCs of black water, i.e. toilet wastewater, are found to be much smaller than PGCs of black water. However, PDCs of gray water, i.e. municipal wastewater other than toilet wastewater are large. Gray water is often discharged without treatment and contributes much to ambient water deterioration. Moreover, possible 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5) discharge reductions with “soft interventions”, i.e. measurements in households to reduce wastewater pollutant discharge such as using a paper filter or a plastic net in kitchen sinks and so on, are estimated as 39, 21 and 34% for BOD5, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and phosphate (PO4-P), respectively. For the estimation, environmental accounting housekeeping (EAH) books of domestic wastewater, spreadsheets with pollutant discharges by water usages and possible effects of “soft interventions” are applied. The framework of this study with “soft intervention” effects on pollutant discharge reductions should enhance wastewater management especially in the areas under development of wastewater treatment systems.

scholarly journals Domestic wastewater treatment with household-scale constructed wetland system using water fern plant (Azolla pinnata)

2021 ◽  
Vol 894 (1) ◽  
pp. 012032
Author(s):  
A Magfhira ◽  
P Kinasih ◽  
D Salsabila ◽  
E Marchella ◽  
M F Fachrul
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Azolla Pinnata ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment

Abstract The purpose of writing this scientific paper is to analyze more deeply the management of the quality of the aquatic environment, especially regarding the treatment of domestic wastewater on a household scale. Domestic wastewater treatment with a constructed land system using Air Fern (Azolla pinnata) is expected to reduce concentration parameters such as BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), and Ammonia. The growth rate of Air Fern (Azolla pinnata) after acclimatization is quite good so that it can reduce BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and Ammonia, which are a source of nutrients for plant growth so that it can be used as a promising material for plant growth. It can be used as a promising material for plant growth domestic wastewater treatment. The analysis was carried out using the blended concept, a combination of virtual, online, and laboratory/field activities (offline/outside the network) while still paying attention to health protocols. The priority of this literature study research is to provide input for the government in the form of alternative solutions for managing the quality of the aquatic environment, especially regarding domestic wastewater treatment on a household scale. In addition, this research also supports the international Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) program: Goal 6: Access to Clean Water and Sanitation” in point 3, namely “Improving water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating waste disposal, and minimizing the disposal of chemicals and hazardous materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally”. This research can contribute to appropriate technology in environmental biotechnology, namely wastewater treatment with a system that has simple technology, low cost, energy-saving and is environmentally friendly, which can create a level of hygiene and comfort for the community and maintain environmental sustainability future.

Wastewater release and its impacts on Canadian waters

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 1836-1859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Holeton ◽  
Patricia A. Chambers ◽  
Laura Grace
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Discharge of sewage to the environment in the form of treated or untreated wastewater can have serious impacts on human health and quality of life and on ecosystem condition. Since a previous review in 1997, upgrades to wastewater treatment facilities, along with improved source control, have produced successes in reducing loadings of certain pollutants (e.g., mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls) to Canadian waters. However, nationally, loads of phosphorus discharged from wastewater treatment facilities have not changed in recent years (2003–2008), and releases of nitrogen have increased slightly. In some locations, wastewater discharges are contributors to bacterial contamination, toxicity from heavy metals and ammonia, and eutrophication, all of which continue to threaten public and environmental health. An increasing number of studies are also demonstrating developmental, reproductive, and behavioural changes in fish and other aquatic organisms from exposure to pharmaceuticals, personal-care products, or other pollutants in domestic wastewater, even after treatment. Minimizing wastewater discharge and mitigating its effects on the environment and human health will be a challenge. It is critical that gains achieved by improved wastewater treatment and other control measures not be reversed by relaxation of efforts or by failure to keep pace with population growth.

Biofilm/membrane filtration for reclamation and reuse of rural wastewaters

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 2145-2152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kil-Soo Hyun ◽  
Seok-Ju Lee
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Black Water ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Water Quality And Quantity ◽  
Filter Bed

To cost-effectively meet water quality and quantity requirements for rural areas, the objective of this research was to evaluate the performances of a three-stage process of anaerobic-oxic-anoxic biofilm filtration (AOBF) and membrane filtration (MF) processes and to assess the potential for reclamation and reuse of blended wastewater contained domestic wastewater, black water, and landfill leachate. The AOBF process at < LV 30 m/day showed good removal results of >90% for conventional pollutants (>75% for COD) and >70% for nutrient. Influent step-feeding with 0.8Q into filter bed 1 and 0.2Q into filter bed 2 achieved denitrification efficiency of 5–10% higher than without step feed. Efficiencies of plate membrane removal were greater than 90% for COD and more than approximate 75% for nutrients and heavy metals, respectively. The AOBF/MF system showed excellent removal results of >90–95% for soluble nutrients as well as nonsoluble fractions such as TSS, particulate COD. The effluent of AOBF/MF system met the reuse standard for industrial and agricultural water, while effluent of AOBF met the standard for the effluent quality of wastewater treatment plants. These results indicate that the AOBF/MF system was suitable for rural integrated wastewater treatment by achieving cost-effectively an effluent quality able to be used for industrial, agricultural and water bodies recharge purposes.

scholarly journals Eco-friendly Wastewater Treatment Technology in Tidal Area

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amallia Ashuri ◽  
Ida Medawaty
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Tidal Area

Access to public sanitation in the tidal area in Indonesia is limited. The people in the tidal area tend to dispose of their domestic wastewater to the water body directly without treating it first. The lack of wastewater infrastructure provision in the tidal area could cause water body pollution that degrades its carrying capacity and destructs aquatic ecosystems. Eco-friendly technology could be used to treat the wastewater in the tidal area as the solution to improve water quality. In this research, the eco-friendly wastewater treatment technology was chosen to observe the effluent quality of individual scale biofilter-phytoremediation. Performance test of wastewater treatment technology was done by measuring the effluent quality. The effluent quality of the biofilter-phytoremediation system was compared to the effluent quality standard that stated in Ministry Regulation of Environment and Forestry No. P.68/Menlhk/Setjen/Kum.1/8/2016. The study showed the following results such as the average concentration of TSS was 7,63 mg/L, pH 6,70, ammonia was 1,78 mg/L, COD was 18,16 mg/L, and BOD was 9,38 mg/L. These results indicated that in general, the effluent quality of biofilter-phytoremediation system had met the above standard.

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