scholarly journals Failing arsenic mitigation technology in rural Bangladesh: explaining stagnation in niche formation of the Sono filter

Water Policy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1490-1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debasish Kumar Kundu ◽  
Arthur P. J. Mol ◽  
Aarti Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
Hand Pump ◽  
Radical Innovations ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Strategic Niche Management ◽  
Niche Formation ◽  
Tube Well

Arsenic contamination of shallow hand pump tube well drinking water in Bangladesh has created opportunities for radical innovations to emerge. One such innovation is the household Sono filter, designed to remove arsenic from water supplies. Applying a strategic niche management approach, and based on interviews, focus groups and a workshop, this article explains the Sono filter's failure to establish itself as a successful niche technology. Three explanatory factors are identified: lack of a strong social network (of technology producers, donors, users, and government actors) around it; diverging expectations regarding its potential to be a long-term solution; and lack of second-order learning amongst key actors. Beyond these three factors that help to explain the lack of successful niche formation, this paper clearly shows that the overwhelming dependency on fund-driven projects also deters successful niche formation in the context of the developing world.

Drinking water in rural India: a study of deficiency, quality and some social implications

Water Policy ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 885-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradip Kumar Biswas ◽  
Kasturi Mandal (Mitra)
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Public Provision ◽  
Integrated Water Management ◽  
The People ◽  
Tube Well

There is no doubt that accessibility of drinking water for rural households in India has increased over the decades, partly owing to concerted efforts by the state and partly owing to a rise in income of the people. Public provision of drinking water is primarily made through the tap whereas private provision is through the tube well. Households opt more for a tube well than for other sources owing to its reliability. The study finds a highly significant positive correlation between overall deficiency index and poverty ratio, a significantly negative relationship between the literacy rate and the percentage of cholera cases at times of deficiency. Drinking water in rural India is contaminated and about 18% of rural households are reported to have filtered their drinking water but very few have scientifically treated it before drinking. All this indicates that there is a greater need to improve the water supply including quantity, quality, accessibility and dependability. An integrated water management approach has to be adopted to improve and build upon the existing structure which is highly decentralized and dispersed. This would have important bearing on poverty reduction, environmental sustenance and sustainable economic development.

Subsurface iron and arsenic removal for shallow tube well drinking water supply in rural Bangladesh

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (19) ◽  
pp. 5761-5769 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. van Halem ◽  
S. Olivero ◽  
W.W.J.M. de Vet ◽  
J.Q.J.C. Verberk ◽  
G.L. Amy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
Tube Well

scholarly journals Understanding social acceptability of arsenic-safe technologies in rural Bangladesh: a user-oriented analysis

Water Policy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debasish Kumar Kundu ◽  
Aarti Gupta ◽  
Arthur P. J. Mol ◽  
Mahbuba Nasreen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Acceptability ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
The Social ◽  
Tube Well ◽  
Dug Well

Contamination of shallow tube well drinking water by naturally occurring arsenic is a severe societal and human health challenge in Bangladesh. Multiple technological interventions seeking to ameliorate the problem face hurdles in securing social acceptance, i.e. the willingness of users to receive and use a technology. While most papers focus on expert understanding of social acceptability, this paper analyzes how users themselves understand the factors shaping the social acceptability of safe drinking water options in rural Bangladesh. We then deploy such understanding to comparatively assess which factors users see as most important in securing social acceptance for three safe drinking water options in rural Bangladesh: the arsenic removal household (Sono) filter; the deep tube well; and an improved dug well. We draw on focus groups and semi-structured interviews with technology users in six villages across three districts to analyze how users assess the social acceptability of specific arsenic-safe technologies. Our findings highlight that factors such as availability, affordability and compatibility with existing water use practices, as understood by users, are key to securing users' acceptance of a specific arsenic-safe option. In concluding, we point to a future research agenda to analyze user-oriented social acceptability of arsenic-safe technologies in developing country contexts.

Hand-pump subsurface arsenic removal: the effect of groundwater conditions and intermittent operation

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Borges Freitas ◽  
D. van Halem ◽  
M. M. Rahman ◽  
J. Q. J. C. Verberk ◽  
A. B. M. Badruzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Multiple Injection ◽  
Arsenic Adsorption ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
Hand Pump ◽  
Oxidized Iron ◽  
Intermittent Operation ◽  
Tube Well ◽  
Provide Drinking Water

Hand-pump subsurface arsenic removal (SAR) has been investigated in rural Bangladesh with different groundwater conditions and intermittent operation modes. Multiple injection-abstraction cycles were performed after injection of 1 m3 of aerated water. From these experiments it can be concluded that hand-pump SAR, in the traditional injection-abstraction design, does not provide drinking water below the WHO arsenic guideline of 10 μg/L. Results show that arsenic removal was not enhanced by: (i) injection of O2-rich water, (ii) higher Fe:As ratios in the groundwater, or by (iii) multiple injection-abstraction cycles, i.e. at location 1, the breakthrough occurred at abstraction-injection ratios of Va/Vi = 2, for cycle 23. It is proposed that dissolved organic carbon (DOC), bicarbonate and phosphate have a significant effect on the arsenic adsorption process. However, iron removal was very efficient and abstraction-injection ratios increased within successive cycles, with Va/Vi > 8 for cycle 23. Furthermore, intermittent operation reduced arsenic concentrations after stop and restart, suggesting insufficient contact time between soluble arsenic and oxidized iron surfaces around the tube well.

scholarly journals Implementation of Water Safety Plans in Bangladesh: Situation and Need Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 141-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
CK Paul
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Tube Well ◽  
Water Safety Plans

Water safety plans (WSPs) is a comprehensive health-based risk assessment and risk management approach to optimizing drinking-water safely from catchments to consumer. The focus of this research is the development and implementation of water safety plans (WSPs) to be used by the water supplier. The study was conducted at 13 districts and 18 upazills (rural and urban) among the whole Bangladesh. The data were collected during March to May, 2008 to conduct the study. In the study, primary data were collected directly from the respondents while secondary data were collected from different records available at different office, internet and journals. It was found that deep tube well and shallow tube well water was used for drinking purposes by 31.43% and 24.29% respondents respectively where as minority of the respondents used other sources. Perception about the safe drinking water for the respondents was found mostly 63% among all the respondents followed by moderately safe 21%. About 54.29% respondents were found to be fully satisfied about their drinking water followed by moderately satisfied 30%. Among all the beneficiaries 82.86% beneficiaries have been indicated communication materials like booklet, leaflet, poster, manuals, etc was available. This investigation found that 83.33% rain water harvesting plant and 66.67% deep tube well water source were in high risk category. The chances of contamination were high in the period of covering the water vessels during storage of water 64.71%. About 88.10% respondents among all the official respondents received the water safety plans training. About 66.67% officials have been responded that no sanitary inspection was done. Most of the respondents (78.57% beneficiaries and 76.19% organizational personnel) had high perception about the selected benefits of water safety plans. Among all the officials and beneficiaries i.e. 66.67% organizational personnel and 75.71% beneficiaries had high perception in selected limitations to implement the water safety plans. Finally 95.24% organizational personnel and 81.43% beneficiaries had high perception about the selected necessities to successful implementation of water safety plans in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v9i1-2.14657 J. Sci. Foundation, 9(1&2): 141-161, June-December 2011

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF DENTAL FLUOROSIS IN CHILDREN OF JAIPUR DISTRICT, RAJASTHAN, INDIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Chetram Meena ◽  
Suman Rathore ◽  
Supriya Dwivedi ◽  
Zaozianlungliu Gonmei ◽  
Toteja Gs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Study Finding ◽  
Hand Pump ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
High Fluoride ◽  
Tube Well

Objective: The objective of the present study was carried out to explore the potential association between fluoride concentration in drinking water and severity of dental fluorosis (DF) in the children.Methods: The study of dental fluorosis (DF) in the children (6-14 years old) was conducted in the two blocks (a) Jamwaramgarh block ;Heerawala, Palera ,Nayabas, Saipur and Birasana, (b) Amber block; Jugalpura, Chitanukalan, Sunder ka bas, Peelwa and Sirsali of Jaipur district, Rajasthan, India of the study villages. Total 150, children were surveyed. The role of fluoride (F) levels in drinking water in the etiology of dental fluorosis (DF) and the cases of dental fluorosis (DF) in both dentitions and teeth were also assessed using DEAN’S classification. The fluoride (F) concentration in source of drinking water was estimated by fluoride (F) ion specific electrode (Thermo Scientific Orion Star A329, USA).Results: The F concentration in (Tube well and Hand pump) water ranges from 0.7 to 15.0 parts per million (ppm) in Jamwaramgarh block and 1.40 to 5. 10 parts per million (ppm) in Amber block. Prevalence of dental fluorosis (DF) 27 (36%) in Jamwaramgar block and 26 (34.66%) in Amber block out of 75 children were examined in each block. Significantly increase in levels of F in drinking water is positively correlated with dental fluorosis.Conclusion: This study finding has shown the relation of dental fluorosis (DF) to high fluoride (F) levels in drinking water sources. A higher fluoride (F) levels in source of drinking water is a major risk factor for dental fluorosis. In view of the severity of the problem the intake of calcium rich foods and defluoridation techniques may help reducing risk of dental fluorosis (DF) in the children. 

scholarly journals Feasibility assessment of household based small arsenic removal technologies for achieving sustainable development goals

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Sahadat Hossain ◽  
Fahima Akhter ◽  
Victor Emery David Jr
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
Feasibility Assessment ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Removal Technologies

Abstract. Access to pure drinking water is always occupying as the centric position for long-term sustainable development for all. Although Bangladesh has improved its overall status in drinking water sector compared to 1990 scenario. In 2015, its total safe water sources reached to 87 % i.e., still 13% far from full goal achievement. Besides, it has been estimated that 22 of total 164 million population are exposed to > 50 to < 200 μg/L and 5.6 million are to > 200 μg/L respectively. Therefore, achieving sustainable drinking water goals are still challenged for Bangladesh. This study is aimed to assess the hindrance for achieving the entire sustainable development goals (SDGs) and evaluating the role of existing household based Small Arsenic Removal (SAR) technologies in drinking water sector in rural Bangladesh. The literature based evaluation is revealed that SAR technologies have been playing an important role for achieving the SDGs in drinking sectors in Bangladesh. Conversely, the lack of guild lines on their produced sludge laden and consequently improper dumping are adversely affecting the socio-economic and environmental ecosystems. In this vein, there is a framework has been developed based on the relevant studies for achieving the long-term SDGs in the drinking water sector in rural Bangladesh.

ANALYSIS OF ABDOMINAL TYPHOID INCIDENCE IN THE SOUTH REGION OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Zakirova J.S. ◽  
Nadirbekova R.A. ◽  
Zholdoshev S.T.
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Radiation Factor ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Immunological Deficiency

The article analyze the long-term morbidity, spread of typhoid fever in the southern regions of the Kyrgyz republic, and remains a permanent epidemic focus in the Jalal-Abad region, where against the low availability of the population to high-quality drinking water, an additional factor on the body for more than two generations and radiation factor, which we confirmed by the spread among the inhabitants of Mailuu-Suu of nosological forms of the syndrome of immunological deficiency, as a predictor of risk groups for infectious diseases, including typhoid fever.

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