Nitrogen and Water Utilization Efficiency of Barley Subjected To Desiccated Conditions in Moderately Salt-Affected Soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-249
Keyword(s):  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Water Utilization ◽  
Salt Affected Soil

scholarly journals How High-Quality Urbanization Affects Utilization Efficiency of Agricultural Water Resources in the Yellow River Basin under Double Control Action?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2869
Author(s):  
Xiling Zhang ◽  
Yusheng Kong ◽  
Xuhui Ding
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Yellow River Basin ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Water Utilization ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Yellow River Basin

To promote the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, the total amount and intensity of agricultural water must be controlled. Further speaking, an urbanization development system should be established that is compatible with water resources and the water environment. We adopted the stochastic frontier analysis model to measure the agricultural water utilization efficiency of the Yellow River Basin from 2007 to 2017. We also adopted the dynamic panel difference generalized method of moments (GMM) and system GMM models to verify the driving factors, in which population urbanization, economic urbanization, and equilibrium urbanization levels were selected as the key variables. The results show that the overall efficiency of agricultural water utilization maintained a steady upward trend during the research period. The spatial differentiation was generally characterized by higher efficiency levels in the eastern region and lower levels in the western region. The variation coefficient of water utilization efficiency showed a downward trend in general, which indicates a space spillover effect. Agricultural water utilization efficiency continued to converge from 2007 to 2017, and the upper reaches area converged relatively more quickly. Regarding the influencing factors, the population urbanization, economic urbanization, balanced urbanization, crop planting ratio, and rice planting ratio had negative effects on agricultural water utilization efficiency. Urbanization did not positively affect agricultural water use efficiency as the related theories, so urbanization quality and urban–rural integration should be paid more attention. However, technology innovation was significantly positive in agricultural water utilization efficiency. The influencing factors of per capita water availability and annual precipitation did not pass the significance test. Therefore, the government should vigorously promote the development of high-quality new-type urbanization, scientifically formulate the scale and speed of urbanization, strengthen the urban, rural, and industrial integration, and promote the adjustment of planting structures and agricultural deep processing.

scholarly journals Study on the Evolution of Water Resource Utilization Efficiency in Tibet Autonomous Region and Four Provinces in Tibetan Areas under Double Control Action

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuhui Ding ◽  
Zixuan Zhang ◽  
Fengping Wu ◽  
Xiangyi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
High Water ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Water Utilization ◽  
Resource Endowment ◽  
Tibet Autonomous Region ◽  
Water Resource Utilization

Tibet is the province with the largest international rivers and water resource reserves in China. However, due to its special ecological environment, the utilization of water resources has become an inevitable problem. Considering the undesirable outputs in water resource utilization, the Super-efficiency Slack-based Measure (SE-SBM) model is used to measure water utilization efficiency of Tibet and the Tibetan areas (four provinces where Tibetan areas are located) from 2006 to 2016. The mixed and random panel Tobit model is used to investigate the driving factors of water efficiency and a horizontal comparison between provinces is made on this basis. The results show that the water utilization efficiency of Tibet and the Tibetan areas in four provinces shows a “U-shaped” trend. The water utilization efficiency of most provinces is greater than or close to 1 and the water utilization efficiency of each province shows a constant convergence trend. Environmental regulation and technological innovation have a significant positive effect on water utilization efficiency. Urbanization and foreign direct investment (FDI) have a significant negative effect on water utilization efficiency. Per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and water resource endowment have no significant effect on water utilization efficiency. It is necessary to select a new type of urbanization suitable for the Tibetan Plateau, eliminate the backward production capacity, high water consumption, or high emissions industries, and to strengthen the research and development of water-saving and emission-reduction technology innovation in Tibet.

scholarly journals Water Security Assessment of China’s One Belt and One Road Region

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaofang Zhang ◽  
Weijun He ◽  
Min An ◽  
Dagmawi Degefu ◽  
Liang Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Security Assessment ◽  
Water Utilization ◽  
Environmental Systems

The sustainable development of socioeconomic and environmental systems are highly dependent on water capital and water utilization efficiency. Nowadays, a significant portion of the world is facing water security issues due to a combination of various factors. As a result, socioeconomic and environmental systems are threatened. China is also currently experiencing problems. Water security assessment helps to identify key determining factors for optimal water utilization, so the authors present the Driving Forces-Pressures-Carrying Capacity-State-Impacts-Responses (DPSCIR) water security assessment framework. Unlike previous methods, the proposed framework incorporates the carrying capacity of the environment, and as a result, yields assessment results that are more realistic. As a case study, the proposed framework coupled with the entropy method is applied to assess the water security status of the One Belt and One Road (B&R) region in China. In addition, the water security level of the provinces and municipalities in this region are simulated for the time period from 2017 to 2022 using the Grey Prediction Model. The results show that Responses, State, Pressures, and Carrying Capacity Subsystems greatly influence water security of the region. According to the assessment, water security of the area improved from 2011 to 2016. The results portray the following trend among the three subregions of the study area, the water security of the 21st Maritime Silk Road (One Road) area is better than Silk Road Economic Belt (One Belt) and the Strategy Support and Pivotal Gateway (SSPG) of B&R areas. Generally, from the evaluation results it can be concluded that only focusing on the subsystem of Responses cannot entirely address the water security problems within the B&R area. Therefore, to ensure sustainable water security in the region and in the country, the government needs to design water resource management mechanisms that take all the subsystems into account.

scholarly journals Study on Urbanization Level, Urban Primacy and Industrial Water Utilization Efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuhui Ding ◽  
Zhu Fu ◽  
Hongwen Jia
Keyword(s):  
Yangtze River ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Urbanization Level ◽  
Water Utilization ◽  
Urban Primacy ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Level Of Economic Development

Considering the undesirable output, this paper adopted the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model with the slack variable and super efficiency improvement, to measure industrial water utilization efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The paper also creatively introduces urbanization level and urban primacy into driver factors’ estimation by stochastic and fixed Tobit models, exploring how urbanization characteristics affected the water utilization in regional industrial production. The results showed that industrial water efficiency has maintained an upward trend during the whole period, while most central and western provinces have shown a U-shaped trend of decreasing first and then rising. However, the industrial water utilization efficiency of central regions is the lowest, and the eastern regions are the highest, catching up with western regions. Utilization efficiency shows an overall convergence during the research period from 2005 to 2017. Regarding the factors’ estimation, both population urbanization and land urbanization negatively affected industrial water utilization efficiency, particularly blind expansion and disorderly development. The urban primacy meant the unbalance of urbanization, which would lead to urban diseases and pollution transfer, while the effects of urban primacy depended on the urbanization level. However, the utilization efficiency of industrial water did not become better automatically along with urbanization development; therefore, the scale and speed of urbanization should be scientifically formulated. The effects of the level of economic development, the advanced industrial structure, and the level of foreign investment are significantly negative.

Data Mining Model in Regional Target Decomposition of Water Resources Utilization Efficiency

2014 ◽  
Vol 580-583 ◽  
pp. 2082-2087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Wei Chen ◽  
Ji Wen Huang ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
Shi Dong Fu ◽  
Xin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Water Utilization ◽  
Clustering Model ◽  
Mining Model ◽  
Municipal Level

Data mining model is the most important technical basis of the control target decomposition for the most stringent water resources management of Shandong province. K-means clustering model is adopted to analysis the water withdrawal of industrial added value per ten thousand yuan in 2010. Based on the yearly industrial water consumption trend from 1995 to 2010 of 17 municipal-level cities in Shandong province, the ARIMA (p, d, q) model is established through a lot of fitting and optimization and then the regional industrial water demand and water utilization efficiency in 2015 were forecasted. According to the proposed principal and technical route of target decomposition, the industrial water utilization efficiency target in 2015 of the whole province and 17 municipal-level cities are defined respectively.

scholarly journals Timing of Low Pressure Irrigation Affects Plant Growth and Water Utilization Efficiency

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-188
Author(s):  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Ted E. Bilderback
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Water Utilization ◽  
Net Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Leaching Fraction ◽  
Daily Total

Abstract Pine bark based substrates, commonly used in the southeastern United States for container nursery crop protection, have low moisture retention properties; therefore, daily irrigation during the growing season is required to maximize plant growth. Current guidelines state that irrigation should occur during the early morning hours (before 1000 HR). However, limited research indicated that multiple application of water each day resulted in significantly more growth compared to early morning application. The objective of these studies was to evaluate the effects of irrigation timing on plant growth, photosynthesis, water utilization efficiency, and substrate temperature. In experiment 1, the daily total volume of irrigation required to maintain 0.4 leaching fraction (LF) in the early morning application (0300, 0500, and 0700 HR) was divided into three equal parts and applied at the following times: 0300, 0500, and 0700 HR; 1200, 1500, and 1800 HR; 0900, 1200, and 1500 HR; and 0500, 1200, and 1900 HR. In experiment 2, the daily total volume of irrigation to maintain 0.15 LF within each timing was divided into three equal parts and applied at the following times: 0200, 0400, and 0600 HR; 0600, 0900, and 1200 HR; 1200, 1500, and 1800 HR; and 0600, 1200, and 1800 HR. Irrigation applied at 1200, 1500, and 1800 HR produced 57% and 69% greater total plant dry weight in experiments 1 and 2, respectively, compared to plants irrigated during early morning hours. Root: top ratio was unaffected by irrigation timing. In both experiments, irrigation applied at 1200, 1500, and 1800 HR had higher water utilization efficiency compare to irrigation applied at 0300, 0500, and 0700 HR or 0600, 0900, and 1200 HR. In experiment 2, plants irrigated at 1200, 1500, and 1800 HR maintained higher rates of net CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance, and lower substrate temperatures from 1800 to 2200 HR compared to plants irrigated at 0300, 0500, and 0700 HR or 0600, 0900, and 1200 HR.

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