The Long-Run Effects of Wage Replacement and Job Protection: Evidence from Two Maternity Leave Reforms in Great Britain

This paper evaluates the impact of three major expansions in maternity leave coverage in Germany on children's long-run outcomes. To identify the causal impact of the reforms, we use a difference-indifference design that compares outcomes of children born shortly before and shortly after a change in maternity leave legislation in years of policy changes, and in years when no changes have taken place. We find no support for the hypothesis that the expansions in leave coverage improved children's outcomes, despite a strong impact on mothers' return to work behavior after childbirth. (JEL J13, J16, J22, J32)

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The Long-Run Effect of Maternity Leave Benefits on Mental Health: Evidence from European Countries

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2436913 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Mauricio Avendano ◽

Lisa Berkman ◽

Agar Brugiavini ◽

Giacomo Pasini

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Maternity Leave ◽

European Countries ◽

Long Run

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A Flying Start? Maternity Leave Benefits and Long Run Outcomes of Children

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.1872741 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Pedro Manuel Carneiro ◽

Katrine Vellesen Løken ◽

Kjell G. Salvanes

Keyword(s):

Maternity Leave ◽

Long Run

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Coarsening Bias: How Coarse Treatment Measurement Upwardly Biases Instrumental Variable Estimates

Political Analysis ◽

10.1093/pan/mpw007 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 157-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

John Marshall

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Great Britain ◽

Instrumental Variable ◽

Data Availability ◽

High School Education ◽

Continuous Treatment ◽

Treatment Variable ◽

Exclusion Restriction ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Long Run

Political scientists increasingly use instrumental variable (IV) methods, and must often choose between operationalizing their endogenous treatment variable as discrete or continuous. For theoretical and data availability reasons, researchers frequently coarsen treatments with multiple intensities (e.g., treating a continuous treatment as binary). I show how such coarsening can substantially upwardly bias IV estimates by subtly violating the exclusion restriction assumption, and demonstrate that the extent of this bias depends upon the first stage and underlying causal response function. However, standard IV methods using a treatment where multiple intensities are affected by the instrument–even when fine-grained measurement at every intensity is not possible–recover a consistent causal estimate without requiring a stronger exclusion restriction assumption. These analytical insights are illustrated in the context of identifying the long-run effect of high school education on voting Conservative in Great Britain. I demonstrate that coarsening years of schooling into an indicator for completing high school upwardly biases the IV estimate by a factor of three.

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Eligibility for Maternity Leave and First Birth Timing in Great Britain

Population Research and Policy Review ◽

10.1007/s11113-008-9098-1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 251-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Cordula Zabel

Keyword(s):

Great Britain ◽

Maternity Leave ◽

Birth Timing ◽

First Birth ◽

First Birth Timing

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History as We Would Like It

Worldview ◽

10.1017/s0084255900053390 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 16-16

Author(s):

Isaiah Berlin

Keyword(s):

Great Britain ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Immanuel Kant ◽

Long Run

I should be glad to believe with Mr. James Reston that God is not mocked and that the crimes of statesmen and of peoples obtain their just due at the hands of history. But I find it difficult to divorce myself from the thought that, at any rate in the long run, it is the conquerors and the big battalions that determine the verdicts (despite some shining exceptions) of historians. Over a century and a half ago, Immanuel Kant wrote, "If those revolts which gave Switzerland, the Netherlands, and Great Britain their constitutions, and which are now praised as so felicitous, had failed, historians would see-in the execution of their originators the deserved punishment of major criminals" (from an essay entitled "That may be all right in theory, but it does not work in practice," 1793).

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A Flying Start? Maternity Leave Benefits and Long-Run Outcomes of Children

Journal of Political Economy ◽

10.1086/679627 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 123 (2) ◽

pp. 365-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 108

Author(s):

Pedro Carneiro ◽

Katrine V. Løken ◽

Kjell G. Salvanes

Keyword(s):

Maternity Leave ◽

Long Run

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The Policies and Interests of Great Britain and Holland in the Far East

American Political Science Review ◽

10.2307/1948330 ◽

1938 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 727-735

Author(s):

Lennox A. Mills

Keyword(s):

Great Britain ◽

Far East ◽

Chinese Immigrants ◽

Eastern Asia ◽

Political Leaders ◽

The Far East ◽

Long Run ◽

Naval Base

The Policies and Interests of Great Britain and Holland in the Far East. No traveller in Eastern Asia can fail to be impressed by the widespread alarm and hostility towards Japan's intentions and her economic penetration. This feeling is first to be encountered in Ceylon, where, despite the Singapore naval base, there is a distinct undercurrent of uneasiness among the Ceylonese political leaders. The attitude is much more pronounced in British Malaya, and becomes steadily stronger as one nears Japan. Sympathy for China is the dominant sentiment; but at the same time one encounters the belief that in the long run the Chinese may prove the more serious problem. A very important Dutch official typified this attitude when he remarked that he believed that Japan's ambitions in China would fatally overstrain her resources so that in a few years she would cease to be a menace, “but even after a couple of centuries the problem of the Chinese immigrants will be as serious as ever.”

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