The Long-Run Effect of Maternity Leave Benefits on Mental Health: Evidence from European Countries

The rapid economic growth observed in Central European countries in the last thirty years has been the result of profound political changes and economic liberalization. This growth is partly connected with reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. However, the problem of CO2 emissions seems to remain unresolved. The aim of this paper is to test whether the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis holds true for Central European countries in an annual sample data that covers 1995–2016 in most countries. We examine cointegration by applying the Autoregressive Distributed Lag bound testing. This is the first study examining the relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth in individual Central European countries from a long-run perspective, which allows the results to be compared. We confirmed the cointegration, but our estimates confirmed the EKC hypothesis only in Poland. It should also be noted that in all nine countries, energy consumption leads to increased CO2 emissions. The long-run elasticity ranges between 1.5 in Bulgaria and 2.0 in Croatia. We observed exceptionally low long-run elasticity in Estonia (0.49). Our findings suggest that to solve the environmental degradation problem in Central Europe, it is necessary to individualize the policies implemented in the European Union.

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Income convergence in Europe: Catching up or falling behind?

Acta Oeconomica ◽

10.1556/aoecon.62.2012.2.3 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 183-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Megan Czasonis ◽

Michael Quinn

Keyword(s):

European Countries ◽

Eastern European ◽

The European Union ◽

Income Convergence ◽

Euro Zone ◽

Long Run ◽

Time Period ◽

Eastern European Countries ◽

Time Frames ◽

The Eu

One of the motivations for a country to join the European Union is the belief that this will boost short- and long-run incomes. Researchers have tested the hypothesis of income convergence in different settings using either regression or unit root analysis, with mixed results. In this paper, we use both methods on the same samples over a significant time period. This allows us to judge differences in results across varied time-frames and methodologies. The focus of these tests is on convergence to German and EMU average incomes by Eastern European countries and those within the Euro-zone from 1971–2007. The evidence for convergence is mixed. Among the Euro-zone countries, there is more evidence of convergence in the 1970s and 1980s than recently. There is significant evidence that Eastern Europe experienced convergence and that capital formation was one of the root causes. While the results do not support the hypothesis that joining the EU increases convergence, reforms undertaken in the 1990s by Eastern European countries in preparation for joining may have helped them to “catch up”, even if the act of joining the EU did not directly impact convergence.

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Implementation of preventive mental health services for children of physically ill parents: experiences in seven European countries and health care systems

General Hospital Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2012.10.005 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 147-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Franziska Kühne ◽

Miriam Haagen ◽

Christiane Baldus ◽

Stavroula Diareme ◽

Andrea Grether ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Care ◽

Mental Health Services ◽

Health Services ◽

Health Care Systems ◽

European Countries ◽

Preventive Mental Health ◽

Care Systems ◽

Parents Experiences

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