Factors Determining of International Competitiveness of the Latin American Peruvians-SMEs

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús C. Peña-Vinces ◽  
José L. Róldan
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
International Competitiveness

Latin American Structuralism and Neo-structuralism

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-71
Author(s):  
Gabriel Porcile
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
Learning Trajectory ◽  
Technological Capabilities ◽  
Technology Gap ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Pattern Of Specialization

This chapter is devoted to Latin American structuralism. The chapter summarizes centre–periphery theory as stressing the co-evolution of technological capabilities and the pattern of specialization. The centre and periphery are two different sets of countries that differ markedly in terms of this co-evolution. Firstly, the periphery is a laggard region in terms of technological capabilities with respect to the centre. Secondly, to the extent that technology is a crucial determinant of international competitiveness, the asymmetry in technological capabilities (the technology gap) shapes the set of goods the periphery can competitively produce in an open economy. This set of goods constitutes the periphery’s pattern of specialization. Thirdly, causality goes in both directions: specialization affects the learning trajectory of the periphery because what economic agents learn depends on what they currently produce and on their accumulated experience in specific sectors and technologies. In this way, specialization has an impact of its own on the technology gap.

scholarly journals Are Latin American business groups different? An exploratory international political economy perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Carney ◽  
Saul Estrin ◽  
Zhixiang Liang ◽  
Daniel Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Business Groups ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
American Business ◽  
Monroe Doctrine ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This study aims to advance an international political economy (IPE) perspective that geo-political events can have long-lasting imprint effects on countries and their firms. The study also aims to explore the idea that shared political history and geography combine to create specific structural conditions that shape the international competitiveness of all firms in a region. In particular, the authors consider whether the Monroe Doctrine of 1823, which asserted American influence in the Western Hemisphere, contributed to the creation of institutional structures across Latin America (LA) affecting the strategies of all firms to this day. The authors also illustrate the IPE perspective using the example of the contemporary international competitiveness of LA business groups. Design/methodology/approach The authors illustrate the IPE perspective using the example of the contemporary international competitiveness of LA business groups. The exploratory framework of this study leads to a proposition about the export performance of Latin American business group affiliates. The authors use firm-level performance data for 32,000 firms across emerging economies to explore the proposition empirically while controlling for alternative explanations. To do this, the authors draw on the World Bank Economic Surveys. Findings The authors derive a proposition that argues the Monroe Doctrine has had a long-run imprint effect on economic policymaking in LA, resulting in a common, persistent and negative impact on the international competitiveness of firms. The authors find strong and consistent evidence that in terms of export performance, all Latin American firms export less and group affiliates do not outperform independent firms, This finding contrasts with the results for all the other emerging market regions around the world. Research limitations/implications The main contribution of this study has been to suggest the potential importance of shared regional geopolitical history and geography in explaining firm-level outcomes. However, this study is preliminary and introductory, although the authors seek to control for alternative country-specific explanations of the results. The analysis considers the effects of one particular IPE phenomenon, the Monroe Doctrine, in one particular location: LA. Future work should seek to contrast LA with other geopolitical security and alternative IPE structures. They might also address the time dimension from a historical perspective: is imprinting in LA driven by the length of the Monroe Doctrine arrangements? Practical implications The most important managerial learning point concerns the relevance of geography and political economy factors for multinational enterprises strategy formation. There is widespread understanding that context is an important determinant of subsidiaries’ performance, and that strategies need to be constructed to take account of country-specific characteristics, most importantly, in emerging economies and institutional arrangements. This paper proposes that managers also need to take account of IPE structures, including security arrangements, and to consider the resulting regional as well as national context. Social implications The analysis suggests that not only the performance of firms, including emblematic firms, but also the socially beneficial spillovers that might be generated from them, are contingent on the regional as well as national characteristics. Thus, business groups in most emerging economies are found to yield better performance and to provide higher levels of social impact, including concerning ESG goals. However, the findings of this study suggest that the former is not true for LA, which, the authors argue, is a consequence of imprinting as a result of the Monroe Doctrine. Further work is needed to establish whether the latter effect is also not true, but if that is the case, then regionally specific policies may be required to address the resulting corporate social shortfalls. Originality/value The core idea is that geo-political events can have long-lasting imprint effects on countries and their firms: that shared political history and geography create specific structural conditions that shape the international competitiveness of all firms in a region. The authors explore this concept with reference to the Monroe Doctrine, asking whether its assertion of US influence across the Americas contributed to the creation of institutional structures across LA affecting the strategies of all firms to this day.

scholarly journals International Competitiveness of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Peru, a Latin-American Emerging Market

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús C. Peña-Vinces ◽  
Lourdes Casanova ◽  
Jorge Guillen ◽  
David Urbano
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
International Competitiveness

Model of the international competitiveness of SMNEs for Latin American developing countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 552-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús C. Peña-Vinces ◽  
Francisco J. Acedo ◽  
José L. Roldán
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
Industrial Economics ◽  
National Industry ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a theoretical model for evaluating the international competitiveness of small and medium multinational enterprises (SMNEs) located in Latin American developing countries. Design/methodology/approach – Industrial economics and international business theories were linked for establishing the firm international competitiveness model. Literature on each variable determining of firm competitiveness is reviewed and the linkages between them are discussed. Findings – The use of a global strategy is one of the most important factors to compete abroad. Domestic environment and national industry might help its use. Human resources background of staff working within the SMNEs affects the global strategy as well. Practical implications – SMNEs should be more taken into account as they are the main generators of the economic development of countries and, consequently, foster the progress of underdeveloped countries through creating jobs. Originality/value – This study is one of the pioneers in developed a model for evaluating the international competitiveness of firms based on developing countries of Latin America. Researchers and professionals will count on a theoretical tool for evaluating the Latin American international competitiveness in global contexts. Additionally we include the full survey for testing the competitiveness model.

scholarly journals Battling Giants: Spanish Publishing Multinationals in the First Global Economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1007-1043
Author(s):  
MARÍA FERNÁNDEZ-MOYA
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Latin American ◽  
North American ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
International Competition ◽  
Internationalization Process ◽  
American Book

This study analyzes the variables that influence international competitiveness, both in industrialized and developing countries. Based on rich archival resources, the study explains the intense international competition between European and North American publishers in pursuing Latin American book markets throughout the course of the First Global Economy. The case of Spain provides an opportunity to study the patterns of the internationalization process of a nonleading country and compare them with the strategies developed by German, U.S., French, and British companies. This research sheds light on the importance of social networks and national cultural influences in the internationalization of this singular industry.

Uncommoditizing strategies by emerging market firms

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Cuervo-Cazurra ◽  
Jorge Carneiro ◽  
Diego Finchelstein ◽  
Patricio Duran ◽  
Maria Alejandra Gonzalez-Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Emerging Market Firms

Purpose This paper aims to analyze how emerging market firms upgrade their capabilities by focusing on “uncommoditizing strategies” that enable them to achieve levels of international competitiveness beyond the comparative advantages of their home countries and serve markets with premium pricing, quality and reputation of products. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors studied 18 Latin American companies across six countries. Latin America represents an ideal setting because many of these countries have traditionally developed using natural resource endowments, and their firms have tended to rely on these in their internationalization. To facilitate the analysis of each case and the comparisons across cases, the authors used the same analytical framework for the companies, identifying the sources of differentiation and cost efficiency strategies that enabled these firms to upgrade their capabilities and compete on the basis of premium pricing, quality and reputation. Findings The analysis identified a general framework that represents an abstraction of the actions taken by these companies over time. The proposed model consists of three main elements used to pursue uncommoditizing strategies: tropicalized innovation, global efficiency and coordinated control. Originality/value Recent research on emerging market firms has shown interest in how these firms upgrade their capabilities. This paper contributes to this stream of research by providing an overarching framework that not only bridged previous narrower studies but also explained how firms can develop uncommoditizing strategies to upgrade their capabilities. Further, this paper helps managers by providing a comprehensive yet succinct overview of the main strategies that they can use to help their firms to achieve international competitiveness.

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