State and prospects of distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic

Problem and goal. In Russian society, the simultaneous and mass transition to distance learning of educational organizations in March 2020 in connection with a new coronavirus infection caused a sharp discussion about the effectiveness and consequences of this format of training, as well as about the prospects for its use after the COVID-19 pandemic. In the current conditions, the education system is faced with the task of training specialists in the face of the uncertainty of the future and the accelerated digitalization of the economy. The purpose of the research is to analyze the main factors influencing the development and spread of distance learning in the coming years, as well as the possible short and long-term consequences of switching to distance learning in higher education institutions. Methodology. The analysis of the scientific literature and practical activities, as well as experienced teaching, was used in the study. Results. The content and form of education will significantly transform in the long term. Today the necessary digital competencies cannot be acquired within the framework of the traditional educational process (lectures, seminars, exams in oral form), without the systematic use of information technologies in the educational process. Information technologies will be in high demand by graduates and will allow them to be prepared for the practical use of IT in the workplace. In addition, it can significantly improve the effectiveness of training because it allows to implement an individual learning trajectory, personalize training, remove restrictions on the time and place of training, and increase the visibility and interactivity of the educational process. Conclusion. Online education, e-learning using distance learning technologies in the long term will meet the demand of students and society for training in an uncertain future. Thanks to information technologies, conditions are created for active cognitive and educational activities of students, individualization of training is provided, turning the student into an active and equal participant in the educational process, including by refusing to provide ready-made differentiated knowledge, which leads to the formation of the reproductive nature of thinking in students.

ANALISIS PEMAHAMAN KONSEP SISWA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) PADA MATERI LUAS PERMUKAAN BALOK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang langkah-langkah pembelajaran mengenai luas permukaan balok berdasarkan PBL dan mendeskripsikan kemampuan siswa dalam memahami konsep matematika tentang luas permukaan balok setelah mengalami pembelajaran dengan pendekatan PBL. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMPN 1 Ende tahun 2020. Desain pembelajaran diperoleh dengan mengembangkan Hypothetical Learning Trajectory (HLT), yang membantu siswa mengembangkan konsep luas permukaan balok berdasarkan pendekatan PBL. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan tes tertulis, dan wawancara. Analisis data meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, verifikasi atau penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) langkah-langkah pembelajaran pada materi luas permukaan balok dengan menggunakan pendekatan PBL yaitu (a) mengorientasikan, (b) mengorganisasikan peserta didik, (c) membimbing penelitian secara individu atau kelompok, (d) mengembangkan dan mempresentasikan hasilnya, (e) menganalisis dan mengevaluasi. (2) Terdapat kemampuan pemahaman konsep siswa kelas VIII setelah mengikuti pembelajaran berbasis pendekatan PBL, yaitu (a) untuk soal nomor 1 terdapat 14 siswa yang dapat mencapai indikator 1 sampai 4 dalam pemahaman konsep, dan ( b) untuk soal nomor 2, ada 11 dari 14 siswa yang dapat mencapai indikator 1 sampai 4 dalam pemahaman konsep, 3 dari 14 siswa tidak dapat mencapai indikator 3 dan 4 dalam pemahaman konsep.

DEVELOPMENT OF LEARNING TRAJECTORY ON THE SET TOPIC FOR 7TH GRADE IN THE CONTEXT OF SEDEKAH LAUT TRADITION

Set is an important topic to be mastered by students because it influences the development of mathematics in daily life. However, many students still have difficulty learning the topic. Therefore, it is necessary to design a learning trajectory using the appropriate approach, context, and media. This research resulted in the learning development using Sedekah Laut context to create meaningful learning and increase students' understanding of sets. The method used in this study was design research proposed by Gravemeijer & Cobb with three stages: preliminary design, experimental design (pilot experiments and teaching experiments), and retrospective analysis. However, this article only presented the results from the Preliminary design stage. The participants involved in this study were 7th-grade students of SMP Negeri 6 Semarang. The resulting hypothetical learning trajectory consists of a series of learning processes: observing context videos to find the concepts of sets, non-sets, empty sets, universal sets, and Venn diagrams; explaining the properties of the set; defining set operations; and solving problems related to sets.

Local Instructional Theory Topik Dua Tipe Kesalahan dalam Pengujian Hipotesis

Two types of errors are one of the important topics in hypothesis testing. Studying the two types of errors is not only studying how the procedure determines the probability of making an error, but it is very important to study the theoretical concepts of the two types of errors. To achieve this goal, a learning design is needed that can facilitate students to construct their own concepts of the two types of errors. The learning design developed is local instructional theory resulting from the cyclic process of hypothetical learning trajectory. The type of research used is design research using the model developed by Gravemeijer and Cobb. The test subjects used in this study were students of the Ma thematics Education Study Program, FMIPA UNP who took the Elementary Statistics Course in the July – December 2019 semester. This research resulted in a very practical local instructional theory used to facilitate students in carrying out horizontal and vertical mathematization processes, so that students are able to construct their own concepts of two types of errors in hypothesis testing.

Formative assessment as a means of forming the pupil's learning trajectory

The article examines the types of assessment in the modern school. The importance of formative assessment for the formation and development of personality, to achieve the designed learning outcomes, their correction and selection of tasks for individual work by each pupil to improve results is analyzed. Models of teaching in a modern school are described, and those that promote the development of individuals with «growth intelligence», for which formative assessment is used, are identified. The authour determines the principles and functions of formative assessment, the methods of formative assessment and the list of most often used methods in practice by teachers. Particular attention is paid to the benefits of using digital tools for formative assessment and to the fact of their active use by teachers, especially in blended learning. The paper proposes to design the assessment process: designing assessment by a teacher in a course and in a topic with the creation of a visualized plan for pupils and designing assessment in class with pupils through joint setting of diagnostic goals, involving pupils in planning learning activities in accordance with principles of systematicity, planning, differentiation. The value of feedback for the formation of an individual educational trajectory is determined and the conditions of its effectiveness are given. The paper notes the importance of both formative and final assessment and their integrated use: formative assessment – to provide feedback and correction of learning, final – to record learning outcomes. Conclusions are made on improving the progress of pupils in learning when planning a course, topic and lesson, which includes assessment planning, with the active position of each, conscious participation in the creation of the educational process, adjusting their own trajectory

TESTING IN GOOGLE FORMS AS AN EFFECTIVE MEANS OF DIAGNOSING THE LEVEL OF EDUCATION OF LISTENERS OF QUALIFICATION COURSES

The article focuses on the role of pedagogical testing, which is carried out for the aim of test diagnostics at different stages of learning (initial, in the process of learning the material and its control). It is emphasized that today computer testing is widely used due to the fact that it helps to optimize the educational process and allows you to quickly and objectively perform evaluations with rapid processing of results and the use of feedback technology to build a person-centered learning trajectory. There are a number of benefits to computer testing. The Google Form service, which is often used to create computer tests, is briefly described. For the aim of our research, the results of which are presented in the article, we chose to prove the effectiveness of computer testing created using Google forms at the stage of input control to build a trajectory of the special course and the final - to determine the effectiveness of training. The research method provided using a computer test-questionnaire created with the help of a Google form to conduct a survey of respondents, students of the special course «Media Literacy of a Teacher Philologist», to quickly obtain the necessary information about them to build an effective learning strategy. It is shown that the answers to the computer questionnaire-test before starting the thematic special course give the curator the opportunity to study the target audience of the special course and adjust the learning strategy and identify productive methods of media literacy that will be effective in this special course, specific group. After completing the special course, get factual data on the level of media literacy acquired by students after studying in the special course and prove or disprove the effectiveness of training. Figures of the total indicator of the level of media literacy of teachers of philological disciplines have proved the effectiveness of the use of computer testing in the process of organizing education. It was found that computer tests, created using the service «Google Form», allow the teacher based on the analysis of respondents’ answers to quickly establish the level of education (in our case – the level of media literacy) of students before learning and take it into account when building a personality-oriented trajectory training in a special course, as well as to establish the effectiveness of training on it.

Interaction of universities and employers as a basis for training financial managers

Актуальность статьи обусловлена тем, что в современных условиях конкурентной среды работодатели становятся центром потребления выпускников высших учебных заведений. Однако на протяжении последних десятилетий система высшего образования не соответствует запросам своей целевой аудитории – социума и рынка труда. Рынок труда на сегодняшний день невозможно прогнозировать, наше общество все еще находится на этапе реформирования и часто социально-экономическая сфера страдает от несистемных трансформаций. Из-за увеличения информационного потока, глобализации и цифровизации происходят качественные изменения на рынке труда, перевес специалистов одних направлений подготовки при колоссальном дефиците других. Выпускники остаются невостребованными после получения диплома. Безусловно, те специалисты, которые уже имеют высшее образование, встают на траекторию постоянного обучения, но имеющиеся проблемы формируют гигантский провал между сторонами одной системы – вузом, работодателями и самими выпускниками. Часто работодатели проявляют излишне высокие требования к выпускникам. Компетенции будущих финансовых менеджеров формируются иногда без учета потребности в реальном секторе. Потребители системы высшего образования остаются не удовлетворены качеством выпускников, производители не имеют связи со сферой рынка труда для обеспечения нужными компетенциями. Кадровая политика большинства российских организаций ориентирована в основном на достижение текущих результатов, а не на перспективное развитие; вузы же должны строить свой учебный процесс на перспективу, готовя специалистов с ориентацией на опережающий спрос на рабочую силу. Возникает разрыв между двумя системами, которые должны работать в прочной связке. Отсутствует государственное регулирование прямой и обратной связи между рынком образовательных услуг и запросами работодателей. Поэтому данные виды коллаборации необходимо продумывать самим вузам либо работодателям. Автором проведено исследование работодателей, выявившее основные формы и показатели коллаборации вузовской системы и работодателей. Определены уровень потенциальной вовлеченности в систему сотрудничества с работодателями, возможные варианты и направления совместной деятельности в области набора студентов, организации практики и формирования компетенций для повышения эффективности. Статья предназначена для руководителей образовательных организаций, преподавателей, работодателей. Today employers are the center of consumption for university graduates. But over the past decades, the higher education system has discrepancy for its target audience - society and the labor market. It is impossible to predict the progress of labor market, our society is still at the stage of reforming. The socio-economic sphere suffers from non-systemic transformations. Qualitative changes are taking place in the labor market, the preponderance of specialists in some areas of training, while there is a colossal shortage of other specialists. Graduates remain unclaimed after graduation. Graduates are embarking on a continuous learning trajectory, but problems create a gap between the parties of the same system - the university, employers and graduates. Often employers show excessively high demands on graduates. The competencies of future financial managers are building up without taking into account the need for the real sector. Consumers of the higher education system remain dissatisfied with the quality of graduates, manufacturers have no connection with the labor market to provide the necessary competencies. The personnel policy of most Russian organizations is focused mainly on achieving current results without long-term development. Universities should build their educational process for the future based on labor`s demands. There is a gap between the two systems, which must work in a strong bond. There is no government regulation of direct and feedback between the educational services market and employers' requests. Therefore, universities should make collaborations with employers by themselves. The author conducted a study of employers, which revealed the main forms and indicators of collaboration between the university system and employers. The level of potential involvement in the system of cooperation with employers, possible options and directions of joint activities in the field of student recruitment, organization of practice and the formation of competencies to improve efficiency have been determined. The article is intended for heads of educational organizations, teachers, employers.