scholarly journals Interplanted Barley and Rye in Carrots and Onions

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard H. Zandstra ◽  
Darryl D. Warncke
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Crop Competition

Carrots (Daucus carota L.) or onions (Allium cepa L.) were interplanted with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) or rye (Secale cereale L.) seeded at 0, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 bushels/acre (0, 43.5, 87, and 174 liters-ha-i). Barley was killed at heights of 4, 8, 12, or 16 inches (10, 20, 30, or 40 cm), and rye was killed at 4, 6, 7, or 8 inches with a postemergence graminicide. Barley and rye killed at 4 inches did not reduce onion yield. If barley exceeded 8 inches and rye exceeded 7 inches when killed, onion yields were reduced. Carrot yield was reduced only by 2 bushels of barley killed at 16 inches. One bushel of barley per acre killed at 4 inches appeared to be optimal in giving good soil protection and minimal crop competition.

Consistency of long-term marketable yield of carrot and onion cultivars in muck (organic) soil in relation to seasonal weather

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Tesfaendrias ◽  
M. R. McDonald ◽  
J. Warland
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
The Mean

To identify carrot and onion cultivars that provide consistent marketable yields, we tracked the yields of five fresh market carrot [(Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.] and six onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars for at least 13 yr. Relationships between long-term weather variables and marketable yields were also investigated. The effects of cultivar, year and cultivar × year interactions on yield of carrots and onions were assessed. Cultivar and year had significant effects on carrot and onion yields, while the interaction was significant in only one of four data sets of carrot yield. Carrot cv. Cellobunch (95.4 t ha–1) and onion cv. Corona (74.1 t ha–1) had the highest mean marketable yields over the years studied. There was a slight positive correlation between mean yield of the assessed carrots and maximum temperatures in September (r = 0.44). Mean carrot yield was also somewhat negatively correlated with total rainfall in July (r = –0.43) and with number of days with rain in August (r = –0.43) and September (r = –0.44). Most onion cultivars showed stronger relationships between marketable yield and various weather patterns. Marketable yield of onions increased with an increase in the number of days with rainfall in June (r = 0.57). The mean marketable yield of the six onion cultivars decreased in relation to temperatures ≥30°C in June (r = –0.55) and August (r = –0.53). The mean yield of all the onions in the trials was negatively correlated (r = –0.78) with growing degree days (base 5°C, May to August). The results indicated that the data from long-term cultivar trials can be used to identify cultivars that yield well despite seasonal variations in weather. Key words: Daucus carota, Allium cepa, temperature, rainfall

scholarly journals Transmisión experimental del virus del mal de Río Cuarto por Delphacodes kuscheli

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
GRACIELA A. TRUOL ◽  
TOMIO USUGI ◽  
JUTARO HIRAO ◽  
JOEL D. ARNEODO ◽  
M. PAZ GIMÉNEZ PECCI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Delphacodes Kuscheli ◽  
Phalaris Canariensis

Entre las enfermedades que afectan al cultivo de maíz (Zea mays) en Argentina, la producida por el virus del mal de Río Cuarto (MRCV) es la más importante. El MRCV pertenece a la familia Reoviridae, género Fijivirus, y su propagación en la naturaleza es realizada por Delphacodes kuscheli (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). La modalidad de transmisión para los miembros de este género de virus es persistente propagativa. Se estableció la necesidad de ajustar un sistema de transmisión eficiente del virus para estudios de caracterización, partiendo de poblaciones libres de virus criadas en laboratorio, para lo cual se ensayaron distintos períodos de adquisición, latencia e inoculación, evaluándose además un rango de hospedantes diferenciales. Se lograron obtener insectos libres de virus en cantidad suficiente para llevar a cabo los trabajos, mediante su cría en fitotrones y cámaras aclimatadas. La transmisión experimental del MRCV se efectuó exitosamente, bajo idénticas condiciones, empleando períodos de adquisición, latencia e inoculación de dos, 10 y uno día respectivamente para los cereales de grano fino y de dos, 10 y dos días para el maíz. Se infectaron de este modo las siguientes especies: maíz, cebada (Hordeum vulgare), avena (Avena sativa), trigo (Triticum aestivum), centeno (Secale cereale), grama rhodes (Chloris gayana) y alpiste (Phalaris canariensis). La detección del virus en las plantas inoculadas se efectuó mediante pruebas serológicas, análisis de dsRNA en electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida (obteniéndose las 10 bandas típicas de los fijivirus) y microscopía electrónica, detectándose las partículas isométricas de entre 60 y 70 nm de diámetro.

RESIDUES OF CHLORPYRIPHOS AND LEPTOPHOS IN THREE FIELD-TREATED VEGETABLE CROPS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
H. E. BRAUN ◽  
R. FRANK ◽  
F. L. McEWEN
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Hydrolysis Product ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Latuca Sativa ◽  
Crop Maturity

Residues of chlorpyriphos and leptophos were determined in lettuce (Latuca sativa var. capita L.), onions (Allium cepa var. viviparum Metz), and carrots (Daucus carota var. sativa DC.) treated with two and three applications of the insecticides at rates of 0.6 to 2.4 kg/ha. The first application was made before seeding and the second and third applications were made to the emerged and established seedling, respectively. Mean residues of chlorpyriphos at crop maturity ranged from 0.002 to 0.019 ppm in lettuce, 0.002 to 0.010 ppm in onions, and 0.006 to 0.032 ppm in carrots; residues of leptophos in the marketable vegetable ranged from 0.001 to 0.015 ppm in lettuce, 0.002 to 0.013 ppm in onions, and 0.001 to 0.012 ppm in carrots. The respective oxygen analogs could not be detected in any samples. The phenolic hydrolysis product of chlorpyriphos (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol) was analyzed in carrots and was not detectable to a limit of 0.005 ppm.

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