RESIDUES OF CHLORPYRIPHOS AND LEPTOPHOS IN THREE FIELD-TREATED VEGETABLE CROPS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
H. E. BRAUN ◽  
R. FRANK ◽  
F. L. McEWEN
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Hydrolysis Product ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Latuca Sativa ◽  
Crop Maturity

Residues of chlorpyriphos and leptophos were determined in lettuce (Latuca sativa var. capita L.), onions (Allium cepa var. viviparum Metz), and carrots (Daucus carota var. sativa DC.) treated with two and three applications of the insecticides at rates of 0.6 to 2.4 kg/ha. The first application was made before seeding and the second and third applications were made to the emerged and established seedling, respectively. Mean residues of chlorpyriphos at crop maturity ranged from 0.002 to 0.019 ppm in lettuce, 0.002 to 0.010 ppm in onions, and 0.006 to 0.032 ppm in carrots; residues of leptophos in the marketable vegetable ranged from 0.001 to 0.015 ppm in lettuce, 0.002 to 0.013 ppm in onions, and 0.001 to 0.012 ppm in carrots. The respective oxygen analogs could not be detected in any samples. The phenolic hydrolysis product of chlorpyriphos (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol) was analyzed in carrots and was not detectable to a limit of 0.005 ppm.

Consistency of long-term marketable yield of carrot and onion cultivars in muck (organic) soil in relation to seasonal weather

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Tesfaendrias ◽  
M. R. McDonald ◽  
J. Warland
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
The Mean

To identify carrot and onion cultivars that provide consistent marketable yields, we tracked the yields of five fresh market carrot [(Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.] and six onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars for at least 13 yr. Relationships between long-term weather variables and marketable yields were also investigated. The effects of cultivar, year and cultivar × year interactions on yield of carrots and onions were assessed. Cultivar and year had significant effects on carrot and onion yields, while the interaction was significant in only one of four data sets of carrot yield. Carrot cv. Cellobunch (95.4 t ha–1) and onion cv. Corona (74.1 t ha–1) had the highest mean marketable yields over the years studied. There was a slight positive correlation between mean yield of the assessed carrots and maximum temperatures in September (r = 0.44). Mean carrot yield was also somewhat negatively correlated with total rainfall in July (r = –0.43) and with number of days with rain in August (r = –0.43) and September (r = –0.44). Most onion cultivars showed stronger relationships between marketable yield and various weather patterns. Marketable yield of onions increased with an increase in the number of days with rainfall in June (r = 0.57). The mean marketable yield of the six onion cultivars decreased in relation to temperatures ≥30°C in June (r = –0.55) and August (r = –0.53). The mean yield of all the onions in the trials was negatively correlated (r = –0.78) with growing degree days (base 5°C, May to August). The results indicated that the data from long-term cultivar trials can be used to identify cultivars that yield well despite seasonal variations in weather. Key words: Daucus carota, Allium cepa, temperature, rainfall

scholarly journals Effect of cultural practices on quality and yield of onion (Allium cepa L. Var. Safid e Paisaye)

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Hamid Salari ◽  
B.S. Hansra ◽  
Yashpal Singh Saharwat
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Allium Cepa L

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is among the most cultivated vegetable crops in the world. Afghanistan is thought to be the origin as several local and wild varieties are found in different parts of the country. Safid e Paisaye is a local variety grown in central parts of Afghanistan in the Ghorband valley. This variety has long storability and high market demand among restaurants in the region, but little research has been done to increase the quality and its availability to the market to increase its market share in Afghanistan. Conducted under supervision of Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India, at Agriculture Faculty Research Farm of Kabul University, this investigation looks at plough depth, land preparation methods, and planting date on quality and yield of onion bulb; it also studied other cultural practices including irrigation and fertilization dose and frequency. The parameters studied in this investigation include neck diameter (cm), bulb diameter (cm), neck to bulb ratio, bulb weight (gr), bulb volume (cm3), bulb density (gr/cm3), Total Soluble Solids (TSS) (Brix), firmness (Kg/cm2), marketable yield (MT/Ha), and total yield (MT/Ha). The data revealed that planting date has significant influence on bulb quality and yield of onion. The highest bulb diameter (6.95 cm), bulb weight (121 gr), bulb volume (128 cm3), marketable yield (32.54 MT/Ha), and total yield (34.24 MT/Ha) and the lowest neck to bulb ratio (0.04) were recorded for the first planting date (seed sown in nursery on 10 March - seedlings planted in field on 10 May). Land ...

scholarly journals Seeding Uniformity of Precision Seeders

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina P. Bracy ◽  
Richard L. Parish
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Complete Determination

Stanhay, Carraro, and Gaspardo precision vegetable seeders were evaluated for seeding uniformity with seeds of five vegetable crops—cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group), carrot (Daucus carota L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), onion (Allium cepa L. Cepa group), and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Five measurements [mean, percentage of misses, percentage of multiples, quality of feed, and precision (defined as the coefficient of variation after misses and multiples were discarded)] were used to evaluate seeder uniformity. Using all five measurements provided a more complete determination of the metering uniformity of the seeders than was possible in prior work when only mean and coefficient of variation were used. The belt seeder (Stanhay) was effective at singulating spherical seeds (cabbage) and nearly spherical seeds (onion)as the most precise vacuum seeder (Carraro). Seeding uniformity of all seeders with elongated (carrot and cucumber) or angular (spinach) seeds was inadequate for precision seeding.

scholarly journals Análisis Microbiológico de Biosólidos para su aprovechamiento en cultivos de tallo corto

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
José Luis Soto-Alcocer ◽  
Ma. Cruz Rivera-Mosqueda ◽  
Alberto Ayala-Islas ◽  
María del Refugio González-Ponce
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
P Content ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Sludge and biosolids samples were analyzed microbiologically according to NOM-004-SEMARNAT-2002, of the Intermunicipal System of Wastewater Treatment and Disposal of the municipalities of Rincon (SITRATA) for a period of 10 months in 2017, the most were found within the LMP according to regulations. In addition, it was detected that the use of peracetic acid in doses greater than 0.1 % v/v may be an alternative disinfection in its use in sludge, to reduce the microbiological load, before being used in crops. Physicochemical analyzes were performed on samples of mud and soil to determine their N and P content, finding that the solid mud has 1.19 % of N and 3.51 % of P2O5 determined on a dry basis; which correspond to high values of these macronutrients, essential for crops. Greenhouse tests were carried out with application doses of 0 to 100 percent by weight of biosolids incorporated into the soil, to measure the crop yield of radish (Raphanus sativus), onion (Allium cepa) and carrot (Daucus carota), resulting in Agronomic dose of 20 % w/w the highest yield.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effects of FYM and gypsum on onion (Allium cepa L.) production under sodic water irrigation

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1878-1883
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
A. C. Yadav ◽  
Ansul Ansul ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Avtar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Farm Yard Manure ◽  
Sodic Water ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Quality Water

A field experiment was conducted at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to study the effect of FYM and gypsum on onion (Allium cepa L.) production under sodic water irrigation. Treatments comprised of three levels of farm yard manure (FYM) (F0- no FYM, F1- 10 t/ha and F2- 20 t/ha FYM) and three levels of gypsum (G0- nogypsum, G1- 50% neutralization of RSC and G2- 100% neutralization of RSC) in addition to control (irrigation with sodic water and no FYM and no gypsum F0G0). Results of the study showed that the seedling mortality was maximum (77.50 %) in control (F0G0) treatment, while minimum number of seedlings mortality (18.17 %) was observed in (F2G2) treatment followed by (25.17 %) (F2G1) treatment. There was significant increase in growth and yield of onion with application of FYM and gypsum. Moreover, maximum bulb yield (180.83 q/ha) was recorded in (F2G2) followed by F2G1 (152.22 q/ha) where 100% sodicity of water was neutralized by the application of gypsum and 20 t/ha FYM. Under sodic water conditions, increasing level of gypsum and FYM help in reducing the sodicity of irrigation water and thereby, increasing the yield of onion. The study concluded that in present situation of scarcity of good quality water for agricultural purposes, use of amendments like FYM and gypsum were best alternative for the best possible use of poor quality ground water and simultaneously sustain the yield of vegetable crops like onion which are sensitive to sodic water.

Zone tillage systems for onion and carrot production on muck soils

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1167-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Swanton ◽  
S. Janse ◽  
K. Chandler ◽  
B. D. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Allium Cepa L

This study examined whether zone tillage was a viable alternative to conventional tillage for carrot [Daucus carota L. var. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.] and onion (Allium cepa L.) production on muck soils. Total and marketable yields under zone tillage were e qual to (carrot) or greater than (onion) yields under conventional tillage. Carrot yields did not differ between raised and flat bed treatments. Key words: Reduced tillage, conventional tillage, Daucus carota L. var. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.); Allium cepa L.

scholarly journals A note on the detection of the carrot weevil in Nova Scotia

2005 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-P.R. LeBlanc ◽  
G. Boivin
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
North America ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Spring Migration ◽  
Atlantic Canada ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
Listronotus Oregonensis ◽  
Carrot Weevil

The carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis [Coleoptera: Curculionidae], is a significant pest of vegetable crops in northeastern North America. However, the species had not been previously detected in Atlantic Canada. In 1985,1986, and 1988, attempts to detect this pest in Nova Scotia were unsuccessful. In 1992, in one of three carrot (Daucus carota) fields monitored using thigmotactic wooden-plate traps baited with fresh carrots, six individuals were captured during the spring migration of the inseetfrom overwintering sites into a carrot field near Great Village, Nova Scotia.

scholarly journals Polyphasic characterization of Burkholderia gladioli isolated from onion and evaluation of its potential pathogenicity for other crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Serret-López ◽  
Sergio Aranda-Ocampo ◽  
David Espinosa-Victoria ◽  
Luis Enrique Ortiz-Martínez ◽  
Karina Ramírez-Razo
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Burkholderia Gladioli ◽  
Polyphasic Characterization ◽  
Potential Pathogenicity

Los individuos del género <em>Burkholderia</em>, <em>sensu lato</em>, se caracterizan por colonizar diversos nichos ecológicos. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivos caracterizar morfológica, fisiológica, bioquímica y molecularmente a <em>Burkholderia gladioli</em>, aislada de bulbos podridos de cebolla blanca (<em>Allium cepa</em>), y determinar su potencial como patógeno de otras especies vegetales. <em>Burkholderia gladioli</em> promovió, igualmente, la pudrición blanda en bulbos de cebolla morada (<em>A. cepa</em>), tallos de puerro (<em>A. ampeloprasum</em>), inflorescencias de brócoli (<em>Brassica oleracea</em>), cladodios de nopal (<em>Opuntia indica</em>), raíces de zanahoria (<em>Daucus carota</em>) y esporocarpos de champiñón (<em>Agaricus bisporus</em>). <em>Burkholderia gladioli</em> colonizó plantas de frijol (<em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em>) en invernadero y mostró resistencia natural <em>in vitro</em> a productos a base de cobre: cuprimicin agrícola, cuprimicin 500, phyton, oxicloruro de cobre; antibióticos: bactrol, bactriomicin agrícola, kasumin, final bacter, quartz y biológicos: serenade polvo, fungifree y bacterbest. Este estudio reporta por primera vez la caracterización polifásica de <em>B. gladioli</em> en México. Este aislado bacteriano creció a pH 4.0 y 42 °C, lo que podría conferirle habilidad competitiva en suelos ácidos y condiciones semiáridas. Se demostró que tiene un amplio rango de hospederos en condiciones postcosecha, además de ser resistente a diferentes productos usados en campo para el control de fitopatógenos.

scholarly journals Development of Molecular Markers Associated with Resistance to Gray Mold Disease in Onion (Allium cepa L.) through RAPD-PCR and Transcriptome Analysis

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 436
Author(s):  
So-Jeong Kim ◽  
Jee-Soo Park ◽  
TaeHoon Park ◽  
Hyun-Min Lee ◽  
Ju-Ri Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Allium Cepa L

Onions (Allium cepa L.) are one of the most consumed vegetable crops worldwide and are damaged by several fungal diseases in the field or during storage. Gray mold disease caused by the necrotrophic pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Botrytis squamosa is a disease that reduces the productivity and storage life in onions. However, it is difficult to control gray mold disease in onions by using physical and chemical methods. Breeding resistant onions against gray mold disease can reduce the damage caused by pathogens, reduce the labor required for control, and reduce environmental pollution caused by fungicides. However, onions have a large genome size (16Gb), making them difficult to analyze, and have a biennial cycle, resulting in a very long breeding period. Therefore, in this study, markers were developed to shorten the onion breeding period. First, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was performed to confirm the genetic relationship between the gray mold disease-resistant and -susceptible lines through a dendrogram. In addition, the sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR)-OPAN1 marker to select resistant lines was developed using a polymorphic RAPD fragment. Second, the RNA-seq of the gray mold-resistant and -susceptible onion lines were analyzed using NGS technology. Using the RNA-seq results and DEG and GO analyses were performed, and the variants, such as SNPs and indels, were analyzed to develop a selectable marker for the resistant line. This study developed the SNP-3 HRM marker for selecting gray mold disease-resistant lines by using the SNPs present in the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) gene with high expression levels in these lines. The SCAR-OPAN1 and SNP-3 HRM markers developed in this study could be used to select gray mold disease-resistant onions in breeding programs to reduce the damage caused by gray mold disease.

scholarly journals A Greener HPTLC Approach for the Determination of β-Carotene in Traditional and Ultrasound-Based Extracts of Different Fractions of Daucus carota (L.), Ipomea batatas (L.), and Commercial Formulation

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2443
Author(s):  
Mohammed H. Alqarni ◽  
Prawez Alam ◽  
Aftab Alam ◽  
Abuzer Ali ◽  
Ahmed I. Foudah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Commercial Formulation ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Ipomea Batatas ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
Β Carotene

Various analytical approaches for determining β-carotene in vegetable crops and commercial dosage forms have been documented. However, neither the qualitative nor quantitative environmental safety and greener aspects of the literature analytical methodologies of β-carotene analysis have been assessed. As a result, the goal of this research is to develop and validate a reversed-phase “high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)” approach for determining β-carotene in traditional (TE) and ultrasound-assisted (UBE) extracts of different fractions of Daucus carota (L.), Ipomea batatas (L.), and commercial formulation. The greener mobile phase for β-carotene analysis was a ternary mixture of ethanol, cyclohexane, and ammonia (95:2.5:2.5, v v v−1). The detection of β-carotene was done at a wavelength of 459 nm. In the 25–1000 ng band−1 range, the greener reversed-phase HPTLC approach was linear. Other validation factors for β-carotene analysis, including as accuracy, precision, robustness, and sensitivity, were likewise dependable. The contents of β-carotene were found to be maximum in hexane: acetone (50:50%) fractions of TE and UBE of D. carota and I. batatas compared to their acetone and hexane fractions. The amount of β-carotene in hexane: acetone (50:50%) portions of TE of D. carota, I. batatas and commercial formulation A was estimated to be 10.32, 3.73, and 6.73 percent w w−1, respectively. However, the amount of β-carotene in hexane: acetone (50:50%) portions of UBE of D. carota, I. batatas and commercial formulation A was estimated to be 11.03, 4.43, and 6.89 percent w w−1, respectively. The greenness scale for the proposed HPTLC strategy was calculated as 0.81 using the “analytical GREEnness (AGREE)” method, indicating that the proposed HPTLC methodology has good greenness. The UBE approach for extracting β-carotene outperformed the TE procedure. These results indicated that the greener reversed-phase HPTLC approach can be utilized for the determination of β-carotene in different vegetable crops, plant-based phytopharmaceuticals, and commercial products. In addition, this approach is also safe and sustainable due to the utilization of a greener mobile phase compared to the toxic mobile phases utilized in literature analytical approaches of β-carotene estimation.

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