Successful Application of a High temperature Viscoelastic Surfactant (VES) Fracturing Fluids under extreme conditions in Patagonian Wells, San Jorge Basin

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Fontana ◽  
Enrique Muruaga ◽  
Daniel Rafael Perez ◽  
Gustavo Dario Cavazzoli ◽  
Angeles Krenz
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Fracturing Fluids ◽  
Viscoelastic Surfactant

A Novel Gemini Cationic Viscoelastic Surfactant-Based Fluid for High Temperature Well Stimulation Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn Friesen ◽  
Brian Seymour ◽  
Aaron Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Gemini Surfactant ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Viscoelastic Surfactant ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Viscoelastic surfactant (VES)-based fracturing fluids can reduce the risk of formation damage when compared with conventional polymer-based fracturing systems. However, many VES systems lose viscoelasticity rapidly under high-temperature conditions, leading to high fluid leakoff and problems in proppant placement. A gemini cationic VES-based system offering thermal stability above 250°F and its efficiency in friction reduction is presented in this paper. Rheology measurements were conducted on viscoelastic cationic gemini surfactant fluids as a function of temperature (70 – 300°F) and surfactant concentration. The length of surfactant alkyl chain was varied to investigate the impact of surfactant chain length on VES fluid viscosity at elevated temperatures. The effect of flow rate on friction reduction capability of the surfactant fluid was measured on a friction flow loop. Foam rheology measurements were conducted to evaluate the VES fluid's ability to maintain high temperature viscosity with reduced surfactant concentration. A gemini cationic surfactant was used to prepare a viscoelastic surfactant system that could maintain viscosity over 50 cP at a shear rate of 100 s−1up to at least 250°F. With this system, viscoelastic gel viscosity was maintained without degradation for over 18 hours at 250°F, and the fluid showed rapid shear recovery throughout. Decreasing the average alkyl chain length on the surfactant reduced the maximum working temperature of the resulting viscoelastic gel and showed the critical influence of surfactant structure on the resulting fluid performance. The presence of elongated, worm-like micelles in the fluid provided polymer-like friction reduction even at low surfactant concentrations, with friction reduction of over 70% observed during pumping (relative to fresh water) up to a critical Reynolds number. Energized fluids could also be formulated with the gemini surfactant to give foam fluids suitable for hydraulic fracturing or wellbore cleanouts. The resulting viscoelastic surfactant foams had viscosities over 50 cP up to at least 300°F with both nitrogen and carbon dioxide as the gas phase. The information presented in this paper is important for various field applications where thermal stability of the treatment fluid is essential. This will hopefully expand the use of VES-based systems as an alternative to conventional polymer systems in oilfield applications where a less damaging viscosified fluid system is required.

Rheological Characteristics of Viscoelastic Surfactant Fluid Mixed With Silica Nanoparticles

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueqiong Wu ◽  
Zhongyang Luo ◽  
Hong Yin ◽  
Tao Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Sio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Rheological Characteristics ◽  
High Shear ◽  
Fracturing Process ◽  
Viscoelastic Surfactant ◽  
Rheological Performance

Since the surfactant can form rod-like micelles or even cross-link structures, viscoelastic surfactant (VES) fluid has unique rheological characteristics. The demerits of VES fluids have been proven after being applied as the fracturing fluid for several years. However, the fluid has high fluid loss and a low viscosity at high temperature, which limits the application to hydraulic fracturing. This paper focuses on the VES fluid mixed with nanoparticles which should be an effective way to maintain the viscosity at high temperature and high shear rate. The experiments were based on preparation of uniform and stable nanocolloids, which utilize Microfluidizer high shear fluid processor. Dynamic light scattering and microscopic methods are employed to investigate the stability and micro-structure of the VES fluid. The effects of temperature, shear rate and volume fraction of the nanoparticles on rheology of VES were studied. The SiO2 nanoparticles could significantly improve the rheological performance of VES fluid, although the rheological performance at the temperature over 90 °C needs to be enhanced. The mechanisms of interactions between nanoparticles and micelles are also discussed later in the paper. At the end, the potential of VES fluid mixed with nanoparticles during application in fracturing process was discussed.

High-Temperature Rheological Study of Foam Fracturing Fluids

1987 ◽  
Vol 39 (05) ◽  
pp. 613-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C. Harris ◽  
V.G. Reidenbach
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Rheological Study ◽  
Fracturing Fluids

Unprecedented metallic BiS phase from the binary Bi–S family revisited under extreme conditions of high pressure and high temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 ◽  
pp. 113984
Author(s):  
Yanmei Ma ◽  
Ruihong Li ◽  
Yingying Wang ◽  
Fangfei Li ◽  
Guangtao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Extreme Conditions

scholarly journals Flow Patterns of Viscoelastic Fracture Fluids in Porous Media: Influence of Pore-Throat Structures

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxi Yu ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Yuquan Liu ◽  
Yuping Yang ◽  
Yining Wu
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Deborah Number ◽  
Pore Throat ◽  
Double Peaks ◽  
Fracturing Fluids ◽  
Pore Length ◽  
Viscoelastic Fracture ◽  
Viscoelastic Surfactant

Viscoelastic surfactant (VES) fluid and hydrolyzed polyacryamide (HPAM) solution are two of the most common fracturing fluids used in the hydraulic fracturing development of unconventional reservoirs. The filtration of fracturing fluids in porous media is mainly determined by the flow patterns in pore-throat structures. In this paper, three different microdevices analogue of porous media allow access to a large range of Deborah number (De) and concomitantly low Reynolds number (Re). Continuous pore-throat structures were applied to study the feedback effect of downstream structure on upstream flow of VES fluid and HPAM solution with Deborah (De) number from 1.11 to 146.4. In the infinite straight channel, flow patterns between VES fluids and HPAM solution were similar. However, as pore length shortened to 800 μm, flow field of VES fluid exhibited the triangle shape with double-peaks velocity patterns. The flow field of HPAM solution presented stable and centralized streamlines when Re was larger than 4.29 × 10−2. Additionally, when the pore length was further shortened to 400 μm, double-peaks velocity patterns were vanished for VES fluid and the stable convergent flow characteristic of HPAM solution was observed with all flow rates.

Performance optimization for the viscoelastic surfactant using nanoparticles for fracturing fluids

2019 ◽  
Vol 207 (10) ◽  
pp. 1474-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa Mpelwa ◽  
Yahui Zheng ◽  
Shanfa Tang ◽  
Mingzheng Pu ◽  
Lijun Jin
Keyword(s):  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Fracturing Fluids ◽  
Viscoelastic Surfactant

Reduced-Polymer-Loading, High-Temperature Fracturing Fluids by Use of Nanocrosslinkers

SPE Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 622-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Liang ◽  
Ghaithan Al-Muntasheri ◽  
Hooisweng Ow ◽  
Jason Cox
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Formation Damage ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Fracturing Fluids ◽  
Polymer Loading

Summary In the quest to discover more natural-gas resources, considerable attention has been devoted to finding and extracting gas locked within tight formations with permeability in the nano- to microdarcy range. The main challenges associated with working in such formations are the intrinsically high-temperature and high-pressure bottom conditions. For formations with bottomhole temperatures at approximately 350–400°F, traditional hydraulic-fracturing fluids that use crosslinked polysaccharide gels, such as guar and its derivatives, are not suitable because of significant polymer breakdown in this temperature range. Fracturing fluids that can work at these temperatures require thermally stable synthetic polymers such as acrylamide-based polymers. However, such polymers have to be used at very-high concentrations to suspend proppants. The high-polymer concentrations make it very difficult to completely degrade at the end of a fracturing operation. As a consequence, formation damage by polymer residue can reduce formation conductivity to gas flow. This paper addresses the shortcomings of the current state-of-the-art high-temperature fracturing fluids and focuses on developing a less-damaging, high-temperature-stable fluid that can be used at temperatures up to 400°F. A laboratory study was conducted with this novel system, which comprises a synthetic acrylamide-based copolymer gelling agent and is capable of being crosslinked with an amine-containing polymer-coated nanosized particulate crosslinker (nanocrosslinker). The laboratory data have demonstrated that the temperature stability of the crosslinked fluid is much better than that of a similar fluid lacking the nanocrosslinker. The nanocrosslinker allows the novel fluid system to operate at significantly lower polymer concentrations (25–45 lbm/1,000 gal) compared with current commercial fluid systems (50–87 lbm/1,000 gal) designed for temperatures from 350 to 400°F. This paper presents results from rheological studies that demonstrate superior crosslinking performance and thermal stability in this temperature range. This fracturing-fluid system has sufficient proppant-carrying viscosity, and allows for efficient cleanup by use of an oxidizer-type breaker. Low polymer loading and little or no polymer residue are anticipated to facilitate efficient cleanup, reduced formation damage, better fluid conductivity, and enhanced production rates. Laboratory results from proppant-pack regained-conductivity tests are also presented.

A Novel Viscoelastic Surfactant Fluid System Incorporating Nanochemistry for High-Temperature Gravel Packing Applications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirupama Vaidya ◽  
Valerie Lafitte ◽  
Sergey Makarychev-Mikhailov ◽  
Mohan Kanaka Raju Panga ◽  
Chidi Nwafor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Gravel Packing ◽  
Viscoelastic Surfactant
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