Histological studies on the tonsil of soft palate in goats

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Indu ◽  
K. M. Lucy
Keyword(s):  
Soft Palate ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Caudal Part ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Microscopic Field ◽  
Stratified Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

Histological studies were conducted on the tonsil of soft palate in six month-old male crossbred goats. The tonsil was located on the nasopharyngeal side of the soft palate. The tonsillar surface epithelium presented small folds and was lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium in the rostral half and stratified squamous epithelium in the caudal part. The epithelium mounting over the lymphoid accumulation or follicle associated epithelium was modified into a lympho-epithelium and was disrupted and heavily infiltrated by lymphocytes. Distinct crypts were not seen. In the lamina propria, lymphoid tissue constituted only a small portion of the tonsil and only two to three nodules were seen per low power microscopic field. Most of the lymphoid nodules had germinal centers. The average diameter of the nodules was 131.97±8.03 μm. Loose irregular connective tissue, lymphoid tissue and glands comprised the propria submucosa. The tonsil of soft palate was not encapsulated.

Effect of dietary crude fibre level on intake, digestibility and productivity of slow-growing indigenous Venda chickens aged one to 91 days

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Indu ◽  
K. M. Lucy ◽  
N. Ashok ◽  
S. Maya ◽  
P. M. Priya
Keyword(s):  
Intact Cell ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Palatine Tonsil ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Connective Tissue Capsule ◽  
Strong Positive Reaction ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

Histological studies were conducted on the palatine tonsil of six male crossbred goats of six months of age. The tonsils were lined by a stratified squamous non-keratinized surface epithelium which continued into the crypts forming the non-reticular epithelium. At some areas in the crypts, the non-reticular epithelium associated with lymphoid follicles showed a great reduction in height with only one to two intact cell layers and were called reticular epithelium or lymphoepithelium. Propria-submucosa of the palatine tonsil was characterized by dense irregular connective, lymphoid, glandular, adipose and muscular tissues. Lymphoid tissue constituted majority of the palatine tonsil and was organized into primary and secondary lymphoid nodules and dense diffuse lymphatic tissue. Average diameter of lymphoid nodules was 684.17±6.88µm while the lymphocyte count in the nodules was 28826.54±236.25. The average number of lymphatic nodules counted per field under low power magnification of microscope was 2.67±0.42 and the internodular distance was 34.67±1.41. Glandular tissue was present in the deeper areas of propria-submucosa. A well developed connective tissue capsule separated the lymphoid and glandular tissues of the palatine tonsil. In the immunohistochemical staining technique strong positive reaction for cytoplasmic IgG bearing B- lymphocytes was noticed within the germinal centre of lymphoid nodules, towards the base of the FAE and some cells even infiltrated the crypt epithelium. In the mantle zone and internodular area, reaction was very mild indicating that T- lymphocytes predominated in these areas. It was concluded that the palatine tonsils were histologically mature as a local defence mechanism against the harmful substances to be encountered from the environment after birth.

scholarly journals Histological studies on the oesophageal tonsils of broiler ducks

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Indu V.R. ◽  
Biju S. ◽  
Lucy K. M. ◽  
Maya S.
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Histological Sections ◽  
Mucosal Glands ◽  
Immunological Protection ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

Histomorphological study was conducted on the oesophageal tonsils in six broiler Vigova Super-M ducks of six to eight weeks age. The location of the tonsil was at the junction between oesophagus and proventriculus. In histological sections six to eight isolated tonsillar units were seen in the lamina propria near the base of the oesophageal folds. Each tonsillar unit consisted of a crypt lined by lymphoepithelium and surrounded by dense lymphoid tissue. The tonsillar units were seen encapsulated by connective tissue and composed of many large lymphoid nodules separated by internodular areas. The secretory portion of the mucosal glands of the oesophagus were firmly associated with the lymphoid tissue and the cylindrical epithelium was transformed to lymphoepithelium. The oesophageal tonsils offered immunological protection at the entrance of stomach. Keywords: Oesophageal tonsils, Histomorphology, Ducks

scholarly journals Особливості будови стравоходу та його імунних утворень перепелів

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (77) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
N.V. Dyshlyuk ◽  
A.V. Orlova
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Caudal Part ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
The Right ◽  
Structural Levels ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

We investigated the structural features of the esophagus and it’s immune formations of quails aged two months (n = 4). There weren’t any preventive vaccinations for poultry. During the work, we used macro- and microscopic methods of morphological studies. These macroscopic studies showed that the esophagus of quails is similar to the tube and it starts behind the pharynx, lies above the trachea, and then, near the entrance to the body’s cavity, moves to the right side and lies on the right of the trachea. It’s caudal part passes between the bronchi, lungs, above the heart and, after being slightly narrowed, goes into the glandular part of the stomach. Before entering the chest - abdominal cavity, the wall of esophagus forms the extension – crop, which is used for accumulation and storage the feed. Crop shares the esophagus on the cranial (from pharynx to crop) and caudal (from crop to the glandular part of the stomach) parts. The length of the cranial part of quails is larger than the caudal part. Microscopic studies show that there are some small, isolated accumulations of diffuse lymphoid tissue in the mucous membrane of the quails and they are lying under the epithelium, around the esophageal glands and near the blood vessels. In the area of transition into the glandular part of the stomach, there is an esophageal tonsil, which includes all levels of structural organization of lymphoid tissues (diffuse lymphoid tissue, prenodules, primary and secondary lymphoid nodules), which indicates it’s morphofunctional and tonsil’s maturity. Among the structural levels, diffuse lymphoid tissue occupies the largest area, significantly lower – lymphoid nodules аnd the smallest – prenodules.

scholarly journals Morphological features of the tongue in the quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pourlis
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Posterior Border ◽  
Caudal Part ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Anterior Dorsal ◽  
Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Abstract Introduction: The aim of the study was to examine the morphology of the tongue in the quail. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, the tongues of six adult quails (three males, three females) were studied. Specimen's observation was performed with a scanning electron microscope. Results: The tongue was triangular in shape with a shallow median groove along the body. The length of the tongue was 1.2 cm. The length of the body was 1cm whereas of the root 2 mm. The anterior dorsal surface showed a relatively smooth surface lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Openings of lingual glands, partly filled with mucus were identified. The caudal part of the body of the tongue exhibited two slightly raised symmetrical areas. A transverse groove separated the root from the body of the tongue. Along the posterior border of the root, a crest of conical papillae was observed. Behind the glottis, big conical papillae were also recorded. Conclusion: These morphological indings could be useful for further studies of avian feeding mechanisms and comparisons with other avian species.

Histomorphology and scanning electron microscopy of the pharyngeal tonsil in goats

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Indu ◽  
K. M. Lucy ◽  
N. Ashok ◽  
S. Maya ◽  
V. L. Gleeja
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Follicle Associated Epithelium ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Pharyngeal Tonsil

Gross and histological studies were conducted on the pharyngeal tonsil of six male crossbred goats of six months of age. In the nasopharynx, pharyngeal tonsil was located on the caudal part of the pharyngeal septum and was 5.54±1.41cm long and 2.19±0.92cm wide. It presented numerous longitudinally arranged primary and secondary folds. Histologically the tonsil was lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium comprising of 8-14 rows of nuclei of three types of cells, viz. basal, supporting and goblet cells. This epithelium was transformed at places into follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) and was characterized by decreased height of the epithelial cells, absence of cilia and goblet cells and heavy infiltration of lymphocytes through the interrupted basement membrane. The height of surface epithelium was 87.33± 1.20μm and that of follicle-associated epithelium was 52.33± 5.21μm. Propria-submucosa comprised of a central axis of loosely arranged connective tissue with dense aggregates of lymphoid tissue, fine blood capillaries and few nerve fibres folded around it. The cryptolymphatic units and tonsillar nodules of varying shape and dimensions constituted the majority of the lymphoid tissue. The average diameter of lymphoid nodules was 921.67±8.72μm and the lymphocyte count per nodule was 32233.23±324.24. The average number of lymphatic nodules counted per field under low power magnification of microscope was 2.5±0.43 and the internodular distance was 29.83±1.40μm. In scanning electron microscopy surface of the pharyngeal tonsil was covered by two types of epithelium viz., the ciliated respiratory surface epithelium and the FAE consisting predominantly of three types of non-ciliated microvillus cells.

scholarly journals Morphology of the tongue of the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae). II. Histological features

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Crole ◽  
J.T. Soley
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Taste Buds ◽  
Taste Bud ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
Caudal Extremity ◽  
Dromaius Novaehollandiae ◽  
Stratified Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Nodular Tissue

Although a number of brief, fragmented descriptions have been provided on the gross morphology of the ratite tongue, very few studies have documented the histological structure of this organ. This paper presents the first definitive histological description of the emu tongue and reviews, consolidates and compares the scattered information on the histology of the ratite tongue available in the literature. Five tongues were removed from heads obtained from birds at slaughter and fixed in 10 % neutral buffered formalin. Appropriate longitudinal and transverse segments were removed, routinely processed for light microscopy, and sections examined after staining with H & E and PAS. The entire tongue (body and root) is invested by a non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The supporting connective tissue of the tongue dorsum displays only large, simple branched tubular mucussecreting glands, whereas the caudal tongue body ventrum and tongue root, in addition to these glands, also exhibits small, simple tubular mucus-secreting glands. Herbst corpuscles are associated with the large, simple branched glands. Lymphoid tissue is restricted to the tongue ventrum and is particularly obvious at the junction of the ventral tongue body and frenulum where a large aggregation of diffuse lymphoid tissue, with nodular tissue proximally, was consistently observed. A structure resembling a taste bud was located in the epithelium on the caudal extremity of the tongue root of one bird. This is the first reported observation of taste buds in ratites. Forming the core of the tongue body is the cartilaginous paraglossum lying dorsal to the partially ossified rostral projection of the basihyale. The histological features of the emu tongue are generally similar to those described for the greater rhea and ostrich, except that taste buds were not identified in these species. The results would suggest that the emu tongue functions as a sensory organ, both for taste and touch (by virtue of taste receptors and Herbst corpuscles, respectively), as well as fulfilling an immunological function.

Junction of the Epithelium and Lamina Propria of the Bovine Rumen Mucosa

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
Al W. Stinson
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Protective Shield ◽  
Stratified Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Lead Hydroxide ◽  
Acetic Acids

The stratified squamous epithelium which lines the ruminal compartment of the bovine stomach performs at least three important functions. (1) The upper keratinized layer forms a protective shield against the rough, fibrous, constantly moving ingesta. (2) It is an organ of absorption since a number of substances are absorbed directly through the epithelium. These include short chain fatty acids, potassium, sodium and chloride ions, water, and many others. (3) The cells of the deeper layers metabolize butyric acid and to a lesser extent propionic and acetic acids which are the fermentation products of rumen digestion. Because of the functional characteristics, this epithelium is important in the digestive process of ruminant species which convert large quantities of rough, fibrous feed into energy.Tissue used in this study was obtained by biopsy through a rumen fistula from clinically healthy, yearling holstein steers. The animals had been fed a typical diet of hay and grain and the ruminal papillae were fully developed. The tissue was immediately immersed in 1% osmium tetroxide buffered to a pH of 7.4 and fixed for 2 hrs. The tissue blocks were embedded in Vestapol-W, sectioned with a Porter-Blum microtome with glass knives and stained with lead hydroxide. The sections were studied with an RCA EMU 3F electron microscope.

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