scholarly journals Особливості будови стравоходу та його імунних утворень перепелів

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (77) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
N.V. Dyshlyuk ◽  
A.V. Orlova
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Caudal Part ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
The Right ◽  
Structural Levels ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

We investigated the structural features of the esophagus and it’s immune formations of quails aged two months (n = 4). There weren’t any preventive vaccinations for poultry. During the work, we used macro- and microscopic methods of morphological studies. These macroscopic studies showed that the esophagus of quails is similar to the tube and it starts behind the pharynx, lies above the trachea, and then, near the entrance to the body’s cavity, moves to the right side and lies on the right of the trachea. It’s caudal part passes between the bronchi, lungs, above the heart and, after being slightly narrowed, goes into the glandular part of the stomach. Before entering the chest - abdominal cavity, the wall of esophagus forms the extension – crop, which is used for accumulation and storage the feed. Crop shares the esophagus on the cranial (from pharynx to crop) and caudal (from crop to the glandular part of the stomach) parts. The length of the cranial part of quails is larger than the caudal part. Microscopic studies show that there are some small, isolated accumulations of diffuse lymphoid tissue in the mucous membrane of the quails and they are lying under the epithelium, around the esophageal glands and near the blood vessels. In the area of transition into the glandular part of the stomach, there is an esophageal tonsil, which includes all levels of structural organization of lymphoid tissues (diffuse lymphoid tissue, prenodules, primary and secondary lymphoid nodules), which indicates it’s morphofunctional and tonsil’s maturity. Among the structural levels, diffuse lymphoid tissue occupies the largest area, significantly lower – lymphoid nodules аnd the smallest – prenodules.

scholarly journals Морфогенез сліпокишкових дивертикулів качок віком 150–240 діб

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (77) ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
T.A. Mazurkevych
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Microscopic Structure ◽  
Maximum Thickness ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Tunica Muscularis ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

According to modern data, the immune system includes central and peripheral organs of immunogenesis. The latter includes the lymphoid tissue associated with the tunica mucosa of the digestive canal. Among organs of the birds digestive tract, immune formations are extremely well developed in the cecum, due to their functional characteristics. The lymphoid tissue of the cecum and their diverticula in ducks insufficiently studied. The cecal (apical) diverticulum is a cone-shaped end of the cecum, in the wall of which there is a significant amount of lymphoid tissue. The aim of the research was to study the morphogenesis of cecal diverticula in ducks at the age of 150–240 days. To achieve this goal, linear parameters (length and maximum thickness) of the diverticula of the right and left ceca were determined, the microscopic structure of the diverticulum wall and the content of lymphoid tissue in it were investigated, and determined the forms that represented lymphoid tissue in the diverticulum wall tunics. Accepted methods of morphological studies were used to perform the work. The linear parameters (length and maximum thickness) of the diverticula of the right and left ceca change in ducks between the ages of 150 and 240 days. The lymphoid tissue, which determines the functional features of the cecal diverticula, is determined in their tunica mucosa and tunica muscularis in all age groups of ducks. The content of lymphoid tissue decreases with increasing age of the bird: in the tunica mucosa – from 71.80±1.11% in 150-day-old ducks to 59.30 ± 4.04% in 240-day-old, in tunica muscularis – from 60.42 ± 1.68% for a 150-day-old bird to 30.54 ± 1.60% for a 240-day-old. In ducks aged from 150 to 210 days in the tunica mucosa of the diverticula of the right and left ceca, lymphoid tissue is represented by two structural forms: diffuse and secondary lymphoid nodules, and in 240-day-old – only diffuse lymphoid tissue. Lymphoid tissue is represented only by secondary lymphoid nodules in the tunica muscularis of the diverticula of the right and left ceca of all studied age groups of ducks.

Histological studies on the tonsil of soft palate in goats

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Indu ◽  
K. M. Lucy
Keyword(s):  
Soft Palate ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Caudal Part ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Microscopic Field ◽  
Stratified Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

Histological studies were conducted on the tonsil of soft palate in six month-old male crossbred goats. The tonsil was located on the nasopharyngeal side of the soft palate. The tonsillar surface epithelium presented small folds and was lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium in the rostral half and stratified squamous epithelium in the caudal part. The epithelium mounting over the lymphoid accumulation or follicle associated epithelium was modified into a lympho-epithelium and was disrupted and heavily infiltrated by lymphocytes. Distinct crypts were not seen. In the lamina propria, lymphoid tissue constituted only a small portion of the tonsil and only two to three nodules were seen per low power microscopic field. Most of the lymphoid nodules had germinal centers. The average diameter of the nodules was 131.97±8.03 μm. Loose irregular connective tissue, lymphoid tissue and glands comprised the propria submucosa. The tonsil of soft palate was not encapsulated.

scholarly journals Histological and immunohistological investigation of lymphoid tissue in the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)

1999 ◽  
Vol 195 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-171
Author(s):  
J. H. CONNOLLY ◽  
P. J. CANFIELD ◽  
S. J. McCLURE ◽  
R. J. WHITTINGTON
Keyword(s):  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Intraepithelial Lymphocytes ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
T And B Lymphocytes ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Germinal Centres ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

The gross and histological appearance and the distribution of T and B lymphocytes and plasma cells are described for lymphoid tissues obtained from 15 platypuses. The spleen was bilobed and surrounded by a thick capsule of collagen, elastic fibres and little smooth muscle. White pulp was prominent and included germinal centres and periarterial lymphoid sheaths. Red pulp contained haematopoietic tissue. A thin lobulated thymus was located within the mediastinum overlying the heart. The cortex of lobules consisted of dense aggregates of small and medium lymphocytes, scattered macrophages and few reticular epithelial cells. In the medulla, Hassall's corpuscles were numerous, lymphocytes were small and less abundant, and reticular cells were more abundant than in the cortex. Lymphoid nodules scattered throughout loose connective tissue in cervical, pharyngeal, thoracic, mesenteric and pelvic sites measured 790±370 μm (mean±S.D., n = 39) in diameter, the larger of which could be observed macroscopically. These consisted of single primary or secondary follicles supported by a framework of reticular fibres. Macrophages were common in the germinal centres. The platypus had a full range of gut-associated lymphoid tissue. No tonsils were observed macroscopically but histologically they consisted of submucosal follicles and intraepithelial lymphocytes. Peyer's patches were not observed macroscopically but histologically they consisted of several prominent submucosal secondary follicles in the antimesenteric wall of the intestine. Caecal lymphoid tissue consisted of numerous secondary follicles in the submucosa and densely packed lymphocytes in the lamina propria. Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue was not observed macroscopically but was identified in 7 of 11 platypus lungs assessed histologically. Lymphoid cells were present as primary follicles associated with bronchi, as aggregates adjacent to blood vessels and as intraepithelial lymphocytes. The distribution of T lymphocytes, identified with antihuman CD3 and CD5, and B lymphocytes and plasma cells, identified with antihuman CD79a and CD79b and antiplatypus immunoglobulin, within lymphoid tissues in the platypus was similar to that described in therian mammals except for an apparent relative paucity of B lymphocytes. This study establishes that the platypus has a well-developed lymphoid system which is comparable in histological structure to that in therian mammals. It also confirms the distinctiveness of its peripheral lymphoid tissue, namely lymphoid nodules. Platypus lymphoid tissue has all the essential cell types, namely T and B lymphocytes and plasma cells, to mount an effective immune response against foreign antigens.

ESTIMATION OF EFFICIENCY OF COLLAGEN AND BIOLOGICAL GLUE AT DUODENAL FISTULA IN EXPERIMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
R. R. Ishtukov ◽  
M. A. Nartailakov ◽  
V. S. Panteleev ◽  
V. V. Rezyapov
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Suture Line ◽  
Intestinal Fistula ◽  
Duodenal Fistula ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Vascular Congestion ◽  
Dermal Collagen ◽  
Surgical Tactics

Introduction. One of the worst complication of different surgical diseases of abdominal cavity organs and of performed, on that regard, operational interventions, are intestinal festulas including without limitation deodenum fistulas. Longterm experience of surgical treatment of patients with unformed duodenal and high enteric fistulas show that it is feasible to have a clear surgical tactics with account of location level and type of fistulas, their quantity, volume of sarcous reduction, peritonitis and multi-organ failure syndrome. In this regard, the objective of this research is to find optimal surgical tactics and to determine the most effective method of treating duodenum fistulas of various causation.Materials and methods. Experimental work was carried out under conditions of experimentally formed intestinal fistula in rabbits of “Shinshilla” breed. After formation of fistula the animals were divided into 3 groups based on the method of removing artificially installed duodenal fistula: sealing through Albert — Schmieden — Lembert suture without fastening of suture line; sealing through fastening of intestinal suture with biological surgical glue; sealing through fastening with swine dermal collagen. Mechanical constancy of the sutures was measured with pneumocompression of sealed intestinal tract areas as well as with morphological study of surgical wound edges.Results. The results of histological study show that experiments with application of bio-implant demonstrated less vascular congestion and interstitial swelling. Phologistic infiltration also responded more efficiently both quantitatively (manifestation rate) and qualitatively (quick change of cell elements) in the group that used bio-implant.Conclusion. Results of morphological studies and pneumocompression data under modelling of duodenal fistulas in experimental animals show that application of bio-implant helps to earlier restore microcirculatory abnormality. 

Insights into the Structural Features, Conformational Stability and Functional Activity of the Olneya tesota PF2 Lectin

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Acedo-Espinoza ◽  
Irlanda Lagarda-Diaz ◽  
Rosina Cabrera ◽  
Ana M. Guzman-Partida ◽  
Amir Maldonado-Arce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Structure ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Conformational Stability ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Beta Sheets ◽  
Hemagglutinating Activity ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽  
Bioinformatic Tools ◽  
Structural Levels

Background: The O. tesota lectin PF2 is a tetrameric protein with subunits of 33 kDa that recognizes only complex carbohydrates, resistant to proteolytic enzymes and has insecticidal activity against Phaseolus beans pest. Objective: To explore PF2 lectin features at different protein structural levels and to evaluate the effect of temperature and pH on its functionality and conformational stability. Methods: PF2 lectin was purified by affinity chromatography. Its primary structure was resolved by mass spectrometry and analyzed by bioinformatic tools, including its tertiary structure homology modeling. The effect of temperature and pH on its conformational traits and stability was addressed by dynamic light scattering, circular dichroism, and intrinsic fluorescence. The hemagglutinating activity was evaluated using a suspension of peripheral blood erythrocytes. Results: The proposed PF2 folding comprises a high content of beta sheets. At pH 7 and 25 °C, the hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) was found to be 12.3 nm which corresponds to the oligomeric native state of PF2 lectin. Dh increased under the other evaluated pH and temperature conditions, suggesting protein aggregation. At basic pH, PF2 exhibited low conformational stability. The native PF2 (pH 7) retained its full hemagglutinating activity up to 45 °C and exhibited one transition state with a melting temperature of 76.8 °C. Conclusion: PF2 showed distinctive characteristics found in legume lectins. The pH influences the functionality and conformational stability of the protein. PF2 lectin displayed a relatively narrow thermostability to the loss of secondary structure and hemagglutinating activity.

scholarly journals Late presentation of extrauterine adenomyomas after laparoscopic morcellation at hysterectomy: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Nagdi Zaki ◽  
Aafia Mohammed Farooq Gheewale ◽  
Nada Ibrahim ◽  
Ibrahim Abd Elrahman
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Iliac Fossa ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Laparoscopic Hysterectomy ◽  
Pathology Report ◽  
Presacral Space ◽  
Gnrh Analogue ◽  
Power Morcellation ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background An adenomyoma is a well circumscribed form of adenomyosis and can be located within the myometrium, in the endometrium as a polyp, or extrauterine with the last being the rarest presentation amongst the three. With the ongoing advancement in gynecological surgery, the use of electromechanical morcellators have made the removal of large and dense specimens possible with minimally invasive techniques. However, it has also caused an increase in complications which were previously rare. Whilst the tissue is being grinded within the abdominal cavity, residual tissue can spread and remain inside, allowing for implantation to occur and thereby giving rise to recurrence of uterine tissue as a new late postoperative complication. Case presentation A 45-year-old woman presented with worsening constipation and right iliac fossa pain. Her past surgical history consists of laparoscopic supra-cervical hysterectomy that was indicated due to uterine fibroids. Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were done, which showed an irregular lobulated heterogeneous mass seen in the presacral space to the right, located on the right lateral aspect of the recto-sigmoid, measuring 4.5 × 4.3 × 4.3 cm in size. A transvaginal ultrasound revealed a cyst in the left ovary. The patient had a treatment course over several months that included Dienogest (progestin) and Goserelin (GnRH analogue) with add-back therapy. In line with the declining response to medications, the patient was advised for a laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy. During the surgery, an additional lesion was found as a suspected fibroid and the left ovarian cyst was identified as pockets of peritoneal fluid which was sent for cytology. The surgical pathology report confirmed adenomyosis in both specimens, namely the right mass and the initially suspected fibroid. Conclusion In this case report, we showcase a rare occurrence of an extrauterine adenomyoma presenting two years post laparoscopic morcellation at hysterectomy. This poses questions regarding the benefits versus risks of power morcellation in laparoscopic hysterectomy.

scholarly journals Right-sided Bochdalek hernia in an adult with hepatic malformation and intestinal malrotation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Enomoto ◽  
Kazuhiko Yamada ◽  
Daiki Kato ◽  
Shusuke Yagi ◽  
Hitomi Wake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
3D Simulation ◽  
Diaphragmatic Defect ◽  
Intestinal Malrotation ◽  
Intestinal Loop ◽  
Bochdalek Hernia ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Bochdalek hernia is a common congenital diaphragmatic defect that usually manifests with cardiopulmonary insufficiency in neonates. It is very rare in adults, and symptomatic cases are mostly left-sided. Diaphragmatic defects generally warrant immediate surgical intervention to reduce the risk of incarceration or strangulation of the displaced viscera. Case presentation A 47-year-old woman presented with dyspnea on exertion. Computed tomography revealed that a large part of the intestinal loop with superior mesenteric vessels and the right kidney were displaced into the right thoracic cavity. Preoperative three-dimensional (3D) simulation software visualized detailed anatomy of displaced viscera and the precise location and size of the diaphragmatic defect. She underwent elective surgery after concomitant pulmonary hypertension was stabilized preoperatively. The laparotomic approach was adopted. Malformation of the liver and the presence of intestinal malrotation were confirmed during the operation. The distal part of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, and right kidney were reduced into the abdominal cavity consecutively. A large-sized oval defect was closed with monofilament polypropylene mesh. No complications occurred postoperatively. Conclusion Symptomatic right-sided Bochdalek hernia in adults is exceedingly rare and is frequently accompanied by various visceral anomalies. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate surgical repair are crucial to prevent possible incarceration or strangulation. The preoperative 3D simulation provided comprehensive information on anatomy and concomitant anomalies and helped surgeons plan the operation meticulously and perform procedures safely.

scholarly journals Mediastinal anatomical landmarks, their variants and tips for video-assisted thoracoscopic navigation during oesophageal extirpation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Dydykin ◽  
Friedrich Paulsen ◽  
Tatyana Khorobykh ◽  
Natalya Mishchenko ◽  
Marina Kapitonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prone Position ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Posterior Mediastinum ◽  
Visual Navigation ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Video Assisted ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Human Cadavers ◽  
The Right

Abstract Purpose There is no systematic description of primary anatomical landmarks that allow a surgeon to reliably and safely navigate the superior and posterior mediastinum’s fat tissue spaces near large vessels and nerves during video-assisted endothoracoscopic interventions in the prone position of a patient. Our aim was to develop an algorithm of sequential visual navigation during thoracoscopic extirpation of the esophagus and determine the most permanent topographic and anatomical landmarks allowing safe thoracoscopic dissection of the esophagus in the prone position. Methods The anatomical study of the mediastinal structural features was carried out on 30 human cadavers before and after opening the right pleural cavity. Results For thoracoscopic extirpation of the esophagus in the prone position, anatomical landmarks are defined, their variants are assessed, and an algorithm for their selection is developed, allowing their direct visualization before and after opening the mediastinal pleura. Conclusion The proposed algorithm for topographic and anatomical navigation based on the key anatomical landmarks in the posterior mediastinum provides safe performance of the video-assisted thoracoscopic extirpation of the esophagus in the prone position.

scholarly journals Minilaparotomy a Good Option in Specific Cases: A Case Report of Bilateral Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bolla ◽  
N. Deseö ◽  
A. Sturm ◽  
A. Schöning ◽  
C. Leimgruber
Keyword(s):  
Acute Abdominal Pain ◽  
Adnexal Mass ◽  
Past History ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Expectant Management ◽  
Small Incision ◽  
Risk Of Rupture ◽  
The Right

Mature cystic teratomas (MCTs) of the ovary represent 44% of ovarian neoplasmas. The surgical approach is important in young women especially for the cosmetic results. Nowadays most of the ovarian surgeries can be performed laparoscopically. An alternative between laparoscopy and laparotomy is the minilaparotomy (ML) which can be an interesting option, thanks to the small incision. We report a 39-year-old woman who was referred to our hospital with acute abdominal pain. In her past history the patient had an uncomplicated delivery. During pregnancy a 6 cm bilateral MCT was diagnosed and expectant management was followed. A left-sided ovarial torsion was postulated, and laparoscopic detorsion was performed. To avoid a rupture of the left MCT, the operation was interrupted. To remove the cyst, a ML was done two weeks later. A left-sided salpingo-oophorectomy was performed due to a large cyst including the entire ovary. On the other side, the right dermoid cyst was entirely removed. The advantage of a ML is not only shorter operating time with less learning curve compared to laparoscopy but also the possibility to extract the adnexal mass from the abdominal cavity with lower risk of rupture and in addition the possibility to preserve more ovarian tissue.

scholarly journals RELATION OF ADRENAL CORTICAL HORMONE TO LYMPHOID TISSUE AND LYMPHOCYTES

Blood ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 729-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM N. VALENTINE ◽  
CHARLES G. CRADDOCK ◽  
JOHN S. LAWRENCE
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Hormone ◽  
Cortical System ◽  
And Function ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The hormonal control through the hypophyseo-adrenal cortical system of lymphoid tissue structure and function is an important concept. We cannot at the present time regard that the concept is established fact. Final judgment must await additional work and the clarification of some of the inconsistencies which appear to exist. It seems reasonable that lymphoid tissue is one of the end organs of adrenal cortical hormone and that it may perhaps play a role in the response of the organism to stress. It seems quite clear that the sugar hormone of the adrenal cortex is capable of producing structural alterations in lymphoid tissue. Change in thoracic duct lymphocyte numbers as a result of augmentation in the amount of available adrenal cortical hormone is at present controversial. Experiments in this laboratory have failed to demonstrate it. The production of lymphopenia, at least in some species and possibly in man, by increasing available sugar hormone is supported by some evidence. The exact mechanism of production of lymphopenia is open to question, its relationship to changes in lymphoid tissue structure being one of inference. The converse situation—absolute lympocytosis resulting from deprivation of adrenal cortical hormone—is the subject of controversial reports. At best, it must be admitted that relatively slight alterations from the accepted normal range of lymphocyte values occur in the adrenal insufficient organism. Changes in plasma gamma globulins and antibody titers associated with changes in the amount of available cortical hormone are reported. It should be clarified whether such changes have necessarily resulted from lymphocyte dissolution or are related to other of the variegated actions of adrenal cortical hormone. The relationship of adrenal cortical hormone to lymphoid tissue and lymphocytes and the relationship of the latter to the response of the organism to stress must indeed be complex. It is reasonably well established that the life span of the lymphocyte is very short indeed1,58,22 and each lymphocyte presumably liberates its metabolically important contents within a few hours at the most. If stress continues for any period of time, as often it does, it is difficult to visualize the wisdom of interfering with the production of metabolically vital substances in order to secure the transient benefits of lymphoid tissue dissolution. It is also somewhat difficult to regard as proved that the various changes reported after hormone augmentation or deprivation necessarily represent the normal mechanism by which these factors are regulated and kept within physiologic limits. More investigations are required to answer such questions and to further elucidate the interrelationship of the adrenal cortex and lymphoid tissues.

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