scholarly journals Engineering Barriers: An Empirical Investigation into the Mechanics of Downward Mobility.

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie Slade

This paper explores the regulation of professional engineering and how the licensing process itself impacts the labour market position of immigrant engineers. Guided by the social ontology and method of inquiry of institutional ethnography, this paper provides a map of the licensing process for engineering in Ontario and shows how immigrant engineers are constructed as exceptions to the process, despite the fact that immigrant engineers outnumber Ontario engineering graduates. Having to first go though individualized academic and work experience assessments, they also require one year Canadian work experience. Research has shown that it is difficult for immigrant engineers to successfully complete the licensing process. This paper details the administrative work processes that cause delays and difficulties for immigrant engineers, and discusses the labour market implications of not having a professional licence.

Author(s):  
Ivana Dobrotić ◽  
Sonja Blum

There is limited knowledge about eligibility for leave in general, and about leave rights of parents less securely attached to the labour market in particular. Consequently, social inequalities in access to leave rights remain hidden, which may be particularly pronounced in countries where stable employment is a principal condition to exercise leave rights. In this chapter, we develop an innovative conceptual framework based on the social rights literature, which takes into account how access to Parental Leave benefits is granted (in-) dependent of labour market position. Four ideal types are presented: the universal parenthood model, the selective parenthood model, the universal adult-worker model, and the selective adult-worker model. Finally, we illustrate these types with three country case examples of Parental Leave systems.


2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen Ooijevaar

On the same level? The labour market position of higher educated immigrants On the same level? The labour market position of higher educated immigrants This article provides an answer to the question how immigrants who participated in Dutch higher education function on the labour market. Success on the labour market was defined by the actual probability of finding work, as well as by the level of income received for this work. For this research, the Social Statistical Database was used. These data enabled us to follow for nine years an integral cohort of students who started higher education in 1996. All distinguished groups of immigrants as well as non-immigrants with a foreign background are less successful in finding work than the native part of the Dutch population. However, as for those graduates who managed to find work, the income received from labour does not differ between groups.


2020 ◽  
pp. 0143831X2096982
Author(s):  
Akhlaq Ahmad

Based on employer responses to 6000 job applications, this article tests whether greater work experience lowers discrimination against job applicants of immigrant origin in the Finnish labour market. It does so by comparing the callbacks received in response to two sets of job applications: applications in which applicants of immigrant background had identical work experience as the majority applicant and those in which they had two years’ more experience than the majority candidate. The article further investigates if additional experience elicits more callbacks in jobs in which higher work experience and a vocational diploma are required and when the vacancies are high-skilled. The findings of this empirical investigation suggest the presence of deep-seated ethnic hierarchies in the Finnish labour market. They clearly demonstrate that immigrants’ chances of securing a job interview offer do not significantly change even when they possess substantially greater work experience than their majority counterparts.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Khabra

This qualitative study explores the employment experiences of Syrian refugees one year after their arrival in Canada through a segmented labour market and different forms of capital framework. Ten Syrian refugees and 3 key informants were interviewed to explore Syrian refugees’ barriers to employment, support channels, employment outcomes, and future career goals in Canada. The findings of this study show that insufficient English skills, lack of Canadian work experience, poor mental health, and a limited understanding of the Canadian labour market are the greatest challenges these Syrian refugees encountered accessing the labour market. Privately sponsored refugees were more likely to be employed than government-assisted refugees. Overall, Syrian refugees are in need of greater support from the government to help promote successful economic integration. Keywords: Syrian refugees, employment outcomes, privately sponsored refugees, government assisted refugees, segmented labour market, forms of capital


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edina Dombi ◽  
Dóra Roszik

Jelen tanulmány fő kérdésköre a szegedi egyetemisták aktuális munkaerő-piaci helyzetének elemzése köré épül, központi elemét a hallgatók szubjektív megítélése alkotja. Ennek fényében bemutatásra kerülnek azok a tényezők, amelyek jelentős hatással lehetnek a diploma megszerzését követően a munka világában történő elhelyezkedésre. Kérdőíves vizsgálatunkban arra kerestük a választ, hogy milyen mértékben képes megtartani Szeged és ezzel együtt a Dél-alföldi régió a Szegedi Tudományegyetemen tanuló hallgatók szellemi tőkéjét. Mennyire jellemző a diákokra, hogy el akarják hagyni a térséget, mert elenyésző esélyt látnak a szakmájukban való elhelyezkedésre? Pozitívan hat-e a tanulás mellett folytatott munkavégzés a régióban maradásra a diploma megszerzését követően? Azt feltételeztük, hogy magas a Dél-alföldi régióból való tudás-tőke elvándorlás, amelynek hátterében az állhat, hogy a fiatalok nem tudják megfelelően kamatoztatni a megszerzett tudásukat, nincs kielégítő kereslet a munkaerőpiacon ebben a térségben. A tanulás és munkavégzés kapcsán arról szerettünk volna bizonyítást nyerni, hogy nem a végzettségüket tartják a legfőbb tényezőnek az elhelyezkedést illetően a hallgatók, hanem fontosabb számukra a már kiépített kapcsolati hálójuk megtartása és a már megszerzett munkatapasztalatuk.***This study is structured around the examination of students’ labour market position at the University of Szeged. The main focus in this questionnaire survey is on the students’ subjective opinion and feedback. For this reason, we demonstrate the most important factors which influence choosing and accepting a position after graduation. In this study we examined how Szeged and the southern region is able to keep the intellectual capital within this region. Furthermore, our research tries to answer the following two questions: How typical is it for these students to leave the region behind because they see better opportunities somewhere else? Does it have a positive effect if students work regularly while they are studying? We assumed that the amount of migration from the Southern Great Plain region among graduated students is high, because the labour market cannot offer suitable positions for them. Moreover, we also assumed that qualification is not the most important factor for students who are looking for a job, rather their previous work experience and social network are the most important factors.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Khabra

This qualitative study explores the employment experiences of Syrian refugees one year after their arrival in Canada through a segmented labour market and different forms of capital framework. Ten Syrian refugees and 3 key informants were interviewed to explore Syrian refugees’ barriers to employment, support channels, employment outcomes, and future career goals in Canada. The findings of this study show that insufficient English skills, lack of Canadian work experience, poor mental health, and a limited understanding of the Canadian labour market are the greatest challenges these Syrian refugees encountered accessing the labour market. Privately sponsored refugees were more likely to be employed than government-assisted refugees. Overall, Syrian refugees are in need of greater support from the government to help promote successful economic integration. Keywords: Syrian refugees, employment outcomes, privately sponsored refugees, government assisted refugees, segmented labour market, forms of capital


2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bram Steijn ◽  
Ariana Need ◽  
Maurice Gesthuizen

This article looks at the career effects of different entries into the Dutch labour market: as unemployed, non-standard or permanent worker. Using the bridge versus trap analogy, it is investigated whether or not a ‘bad’ career start will have long-term negative consequences.To do this, event history analysis is used.The results show that non-standard work has no negative consequences with respect to later career unemployment or upward and downward mobility. However, certain negative effects are associated with unemployment at the career start. Moreover, this effect is larger when the duration of the period of unemployment is longer. Several other hypotheses - about macro-economic effects and about the effects for groups with a weak labour market position - are refuted. Overall, the data show that early career unemployment can work as a trap, but that early career non-standard work can work as a stepping stone towards a better labour market position.


2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loreni Elena Baciu ◽  
Melinda Dinca ◽  
Theofild Lazar ◽  
Johans Tveit Sandvin

The article reports on a qualitative study of Roma employability in Romania. Being the largest ethnic minority group in Europe, the Roma population is the object of profound marginalization in most of the countries where they reside, by measures such as spatial segregation and exclusion from the formal labour market. This article focuses particularly on the Roma living in rural segregated communities. Inspired by institutional ethnography, the aim is to explore the social organization of rural Roma employability from the standpoint of the Roma themselves. The main obstacles to employment, as they are known and shared by our interviewees, are a lack of available jobs within reach, their own lack of education and a rejection by employers on the grounds of them being Roma. As the analyses show, these obstacles, and the individual’s experiences and knowledge about them, are shaped and maintained by extended translocal relations of administration and governance, thus making the rural Roma dependent on a precarious secondary labour market of low-paid day work for neighbouring farmers. The uncertainty of this work, and the organization and work of everyday life it implies for the people inhabiting these communities, further increases the distance to formal employment. It is this complex set of relations coordinating people’s doings that produce the employability of Roma inhabiting the rural segregated communities.


Author(s):  
María Del Mar Fernández Robles ◽  
Enrique Pastor Seller

El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación empírica orientada a conocer las variables que inciden en la situación de empleabilidad de los profesionales del trabajo social en la actualidad, concretamente las características de las entidades empleadoras, la tipología de la oferta de empleo para la profesión y el perfil de competencias requerido por las entidades empleadoras. Para ello se ha estudiado el total del universo de ofertas de empleo (120) destinadas a los profesionales del trabajo social en la una región de España (Murcia) y en un año (2016). La recogida de datos se realizó a través de un protocolo validado que permitió la recogida sistemática de 27 dimensiones. Sus resultados fueron analizados a través de un grupo focal de personas expertas mediante un informe y guión de 11 categorías de análisis. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que la oferta de empleo para Trabajo Social es escasa y proviene mayoritariamente de entidades privadas del tercer sector, con empleos temporales, requiriéndose una especialización por parte de los profesionales en el área de actuación ofertada, siendo los ámbitos de trabajo que más ofertas generan, el área de dependencia y de empleabilidad.The article presents the results of an empirical investigation oriented to know the variables that affect the employability situation of the social work professionals at present, specifically the characteristics of the employing entities, the typology of the job offer for the profession and the profile of competencies required by the employing entities. To this end, the total universe of job offers (120) for social work professionals in the one region of Spain (Murcia) and one year (2016) has been studied. The data collection was done through a validated protocol that allowed the systematic collection of 27 dimensions. Their results were analyzed through a focus group of experts through a report and script of 11 categories of analysis. The results reveal that the job offer for social work is little and it comes mainly of third sector private entities, with temporary jobs, requiring an expertise for this professionals in the area of activity offered, being the areas of work that most job offered, the areas of personal support and employability.


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