scholarly journals Core Challenges of Autism. Sensory aspects of autism

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Nason
Keyword(s):  
External World ◽  
Autistic Spectrum ◽  
Blue Book ◽  
Sensory Hypersensitivity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Autistic People

An american clincal psychologist Bill Nason tells us about the differences in ways of functioning between people on the autistic spectrum and neurotypical people. The third part of his Blue book «The Autism Discussion Page» talks about the sensory differences in autistic people. Sensory hypersensitivity, fragmented or distorted perception, problems of sensoru processing — these are the differences that make the external world experience very special, overwhelming and even painful. The author gives the signs of hyper- and hypo-sensitivity in basical sensory areas. Translated from English by L.G. Borodina

scholarly journals Core Challenges of Autism.Emotionality on spectrum

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
B. Nason
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Clinical Psychologist ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Autistic Spectrum ◽  
Blue Book ◽  
Early Signs ◽  
Autistic People ◽  
Full Picture

Bill Nason — an American clinical psychologist, «a humanistic behaviorist» as he calls himself — tells us about the emotional problems of people on the autistic spectrum. The chapter 13 of his Blue book «The Autism Discussion Page» is devoted to specific emotional states of autistic people — shutdowns and meltdowns. While emphasizing that both states occur under the nervous system overload, he points on the importance of calm and predictable routine for people on the spectrum. The author distinguishes tantrums as a form of manipulative behaviour and meltdowns which do not have any manipulation in them. B. Nason describes the early signs of meltdowns and the full picture of them and gives us the means for coping. He pays a specific attention to the calming techniques. Interesting recommendations for both verbal and nonverbal interactions with a child in a meltdown are given. Translated from English by L.G. Borodina

scholarly journals Core Challenges in Autism

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
B. Nason
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
External World ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Weak Central Coherence ◽  
Central Coherence ◽  
Clinical Psychologist ◽  
Single Thing ◽  
Autistic People ◽  
Big Picture

Bill Nason, an American clinical psychologist who has been working with autistic people for more than 30 years, has undergone his own evolution from a strict behavioral approach to humanism. In his two books under the same title «The Autism Discussion Page» he describes the difficulties that people on the spectrum have to face. Bill Nason seems to be speaking on behalf of them: what they feel, experience, see, sense while the external world is pressing them with its speed and chaos as well as while their closest people are constantly engaged in the modification of their behavior to fit social norms. In the article Bill Nason offers ways of how to help autistic individuals with their problems of seeing a big picture, weak central coherence, literal thinking and not reading between the lines. Our task is to make their endless struggle with confusing neurotypical world easier. We, those who deal with them (parents, caregivers, teachers), should clarify each single thing, verify, if they understand us, be concrete and literal. For autistics, nothing can be taken for granted. In doing so we will make their life easier so they will be able to enjoy minutes of real co-understanding.

Metamathematical problems

1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 500-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Robinson
Keyword(s):  
External World ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World

When a logician approaches the world of mathematics, he may have in mind one or more of several purposes. He may try to find in mathematics a framework for formalizing commonly accepted laws of thought or perhaps laws of thought that are not commonly accepted. He may want to assist the mathematician by providing him with firm foundations for his theories. But it may also be the case that the logician wishes to use his own characteristic tools—formalized languages, explicit relations between symbols and objects, rigidly expressed and controlled rules of deduction—in order to gain a better understanding of the various and variegated kinds of structures, methods, theories and theorems that are to be found in mathematics. We may then expect him to adopt the attitude of the physicist or psychologist who (whatever his professed philosophy) feels that he deals with phenomena of the external world, whose rules cannot be imposed by him arbitrarily. He, or those that come after him, may indeed use the understanding thus gained in order to modify these phenomena, but as a scientist he would not regard this possibility as his only justification.For many years now, I have concentrated on the third of the lines of approach sketched above, and it seemed natural that I should discuss it again on the present occasion. However, today I do not wish to emphasize past developments but, using some of them as a background, I propose to enumerate a number of open problems. These problems seemed to me of some interest not only for their own sake but also because their solution might well require weapons whose introduction would close definite gaps in our armory.

The Religious Problems and the Theory of Being

2005 ◽  
pp. 463-490
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Philosophy Of Religion ◽  
External World ◽  
Central Problem ◽  
Natural Religion ◽  
The Third ◽  
Religious Problems ◽  
The Way

This chapter, taken from Josiah Royce's Gifford Lectures of 1899, begins by setting out the three conceptions of natural religion. The first regards natural religion as a search for what a well-known phrase has called “the way through nature to God.” The second views religion less as a doctrine to be proved or disproved through a study of the external world than as a kind of consciousness whose justification lies in its rank amongst the various inner manifestations of our human nature. The third conception identifies the doctrine in question with the fundamental philosophy of religion. The chapter then states that the focus of these lectures is the most neglected and arduous of the methods of studying the relations between religion and the ultimate problems of the Theory of Being. The central problem of the discussion will be the question: What is Reality?

scholarly journals Experimental Evidence for the Existence of an External World

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 564-582
Author(s):  
ERIC SCHWITZGEBEL ◽  
ALAN T. MOORE
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Practical Reasoning ◽  
External World ◽  
Digit Number ◽  
The Third ◽  
Theoretical Reasoning ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Straightforward Interpretation

ABSTRACT:In this essay I attempt to refute radical solipsism by means of a series of empirical experiments. In the first experiment, I exhibit unreliable judgment about the primeness or divisibility of four-digit numbers, in contrast to a seeming Excel program. In the second experiment, I exhibit an imperfect memory for seemingly arbitrary three-digit number and letter combinations, in contrast to my seeming collaborator with seemingly hidden notes. In the third experiment, I seem to suffer repeated defeats at chess. In all three experiments, the most straightforward interpretation of the experiential evidence is that something exists in the universe that is superior in the relevant respects—theoretical reasoning (about primes), memorial retention (for digits and letters), or practical reasoning (at chess)—to my own solipsistically conceived self.

scholarly journals Skepticism and Epistemic Closure: Two Bayesian Accounts

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Moretti ◽  
Tomoji Shogenji
Keyword(s):  
External World ◽  
The Body ◽  
Component Model ◽  
Epistemic Closure ◽  
Sense Experience ◽  
Evil Demon ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Response ◽  
Skeptical Paradox

This paper considers two novel Bayesian responses to a well-known skeptical paradox. The paradox consists of three intuitions: first, given appropriate sense experience, we have justification for accepting the relevant proposition about the external world; second, we have justification for expanding the body of accepted propositions through known entailment; third, we do not have justification for accepting that we are not disembodied souls in an immaterial world deceived by an evil demon. The first response we consider rejects the third intuition and proposes an explanation of why we have a faulty intuition. The second response, which we favor, accommodates all three intuitions; it reconciles the first and the third intuition by the dual component model of justification, and defends the second intuition by distinguishing two principles of epistemic closure.

Descartes', Sixth Meditation: The External World, ‘Nature’ and Human Experience

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 73-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Cottingham
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
External World ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
General Point ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Material Things ◽  
The One ◽  
The Mind

The Sixth Meditation deals, as its title proclaims, with ‘the existence of material things, and the real distinction between the mind and body of man’. In this paper, I want to start by examining Descartes' argument for the existence of material things—for the existence of an ‘external’, physical world around us. Next, in section two, I shall use this argument concerning the external world to bring out an important general point about the ‘dialectical’ way in which Descartes presents his reasoning in the Meditations. This will lead me on to the third section of the paper, which will analyse the concept of ‘nature’ and the role it plays in Descartes' reasoning, particularly in the Sixth Meditation. And this in turn will bring me to the fourth and final part of the paper, which will focus on what is by general consensus the most fascinating part of the Sixth Meditation—Descartes' account of the relation between mind and body. What I shall try to do in this final section is to highlight a curious tension between Descartes' recognition of the facts of human experience on the one hand, and on the other hand his doctrine that we are essentially incorporeal or non-physical substances.

scholarly journals Core Challenges in Autism. Teaching dynamic thinking

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
B. Nason
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Autistic Child ◽  
External World ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Clinical Psychologist ◽  
Fast Evaluation ◽  
Autistic People ◽  
A Chain

Bill Nason, an American clinical psychologist who has been working with autistic people for more than 30 years has undergone his own evolution from a strict behavioral approach to humanism. In his two books «The Autism Discussion Page» he successively describes the difficulties people on the spectrum have to face. Bill Nason seems to be speaking on behalf of them: what they feel, experience, see, sense when the external world is pressing them with all its speed and chaos and their loved ones are constantly trying to modify their behavior in accordance to social norms. In the part below Bill Nason offers advice on how to help autistic people who experience problems with so-called dynamic thinking which requires fast evaluation of the changing situation and effective dealing with it. By practicing this technique we strengthen weak neuropathways. The author suggests talking through situations that have different options of resolving, making a worksheet, keeping a journal — doing everything to make our intuitive behavior to become clear as a chain of sequential acts for an autistic child.

scholarly journals The great Chinese transformation: From the third to the first world

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (S) ◽  
pp. 71-83
Author(s):  
Grzegorz W. Kolodko
Keyword(s):  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
External World ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Mutual Learning ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chinese Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
Systemic Crisis ◽  
First World

AbstractIn the era of irreversible globalisation, the worldwide economic and political rules of play must take into account of the growing importance of China. Rather than fight the country, one should pragmatically cooperate on solving the mounting global problems. Contemporarily, both China should adapt to the external world and the world itself should adapt to China. There is no possibility of imposing on it a model developed elsewhere, especially that these days liberal democracy is experiencing a systemic crisis in many countries. Neither is there a chance to impose the Chinese model on others, though it seems tempting to a country; it is not an exportable ‘commodity,’ but its elements may prove useful elsewhere. China is not aiming for global domination; instead, it is consistently integrating with the world to maintain its own development. The only reasonable way forward is thorough observation, mutual learning and pragmatic collaboration based on the non-orthodox economic thought.

Descartes', Sixth Meditation: The External World, ‘Nature’ and Human Experience

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 73-89
Author(s):  
John Cottingham
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
External World ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
General Point ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Material Things ◽  
The One ◽  
The Mind

The Sixth Meditation deals, as its title proclaims, with ‘the existence of material things, and the real distinction between the mind and body of man’. In this paper, I want to start by examining Descartes' argument for the existence of material things—for the existence of an ‘external’, physical world around us. Next, in section two, I shall use this argument concerning the external world to bring out an important general point about the ‘dialectical’ way in which Descartes presents his reasoning in the Meditations. This will lead me on to the third section of the paper, which will analyse the concept of ‘nature’ and the role it plays in Descartes' reasoning, particularly in the Sixth Meditation. And this in turn will bring me to the fourth and final part of the paper, which will focus on what is by general consensus the most fascinating part of the Sixth Meditation—Descartes' account of the relation between mind and body. What I shall try to do in this final section is to highlight a curious tension between Descartes' recognition of the facts of human experience on the one hand, and on the other hand his doctrine that we are essentially incorporeal or non-physical substances.

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