scholarly journals Importance of Isolation and Biotypization of Gardnerella Vaginalis in Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Numanović ◽  
Mirsada Hukić ◽  
Mahmud Nurkić ◽  
Merima Gegić ◽  
Zineta Delibegović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Subjective Symptoms ◽  
Vaginal Infection ◽  
Vaginal Secretion ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Amsel Criteria

The natural habitat of Gardnerella vaginalis is a vagina since it could be located among 69% of women who have no signs of vaginal infection and in the vagina of as many as 13,5% girls. G. vaginalis is almost certainly identified among women diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis as well as in the urethra of their sexual partner. The increase in prevalence and concentration of G. vaginalis among patients diagnosed with this syndrome confirms that G. vaginalis plays a significant role in its pathogenesis. In our research, based on Amsel criteria for three or more clinical signs of bacterial vaginosis, it was diagnosed in 20,5% of women with subjective problems of vaginal infection, and in 48,80% of women with subjective symptoms characteristic of this disease. G. vaginalis was isolated from vaginal secretion of women without clinical signs characteristic of bacterial vaginosis. In 2,58% of cases it was solitary, while in 1,28% it was found in combination with other aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and, in 1,28% women combined with Candida albicans. The isolation of G. vaginalis was significantly increased (p<0,05) in the group of women with clinical signs of bacterial vaginosis in comparison to the group of women without these signs. Frequent recurrence of bacterial vaginosis, which is found in 20-30% of women within a three months treatment, is explained as reinfection with other biotype of G. vaginalis, different from a source biotype or as a consequence of wrong treatment. Following Piot biotype scheme, biotypes 2., 3. and 7. G. vaginalis are significantly more often isolated from women who suffer from bacterial vaginosis. Biotype 7. G. vaginalis, isolated from the group of women without clinical signs of bacterial vaginosis, accounted for 2,58% cases. Following Benit biotype scheme, biotypes IVa, IVc and Ilc were identified in 12,90% cases, while biotypes Illa, IIa, Ia, IVb, IIb were found in 6,45% cases. Lipase-positive isolates of G. vaginalis were significantly more frequently accompanied by the syndrome of bacterial vaginosis.

scholarly journals Criteria for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis using the test Femoflor-16

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika V. Nazarova ◽  
Elena V. Shipitsyna ◽  
Ekaterina N. Gerasimova ◽  
Alevtina M. Savicheva
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Nugent Score ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Amsel Criteria

Background. Bacterial vaginosis is disturbance of the balance of the vaginal microflora, associated with a number of infectious diseases of the urogenital tract and adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this country, for the detection of vaginal dysbiotic conditions, the test Femoflor-16 (DNA-Technology, Moscow) is widely used, however interpretation algorithms of this test do not include the category of BV. Aim. The study aimed to elaborate diagnostic criteria for the detection of BV using Femoflor-16 test. Materials and methods. Women of reproductive age addressing a gynecologist with vaginal discharge were enrolled in the study. For clinical diagnosis of BV, the Amsel criteria were used, laboratory analysis for BV was performed via microscopic investigation of vaginal discharge using the Nugent score. Samples of vaginal discharge from all women were analyzed with the test Femoflor-16, intended for characterizing vaginal microbiocenosis using multiplex quantitative real-time PCR. Results. A total of 280 women were included in the study. BV was diagnosed in 86 women (31%) using the Amsel criteria, and in 81 women (29%) using the Nugent score. All groups of anaerobic bacteria included in Femoflor-16 test were shown to be associated with BV, with the exception of bacteria of the genus Mobiluncus, which are detected together with phylogenetically related but not BV-associated bacteria of the genus Corynebacterium. A low amount of lactobacilli (< 10% of total bacterial load) coupled with an elevated amount of Gardnerella vaginalis/Prevotella bivia/Porphyromonas (> 1%) and/or Eubacterium (> 2%) and/or Sneathia/Leptotrichia/Fusobacterium (> 0.1%) and/or Megasphaera/Veillonella/Dialister (> 0.1%) and/or Lachnobacterium/Clostridium (> 0.1%) and/or Peptostreptococcus (> 0.1%) and/or Atopobium vaginae (> 0.2%) detected BV with a sensitivity of 99% and specificity of 93%. Conclusions. Criteria for BV diagnosis using the test Femoflor-16 have been elaborated, which enable to detect BV or exclude it with a sensitivity of 99% and specificity of 93%. These criteria for BV and criteria of the test manufacturers for severe anaerobic dysbiosis determine to a large extent the same category of the vaginal microbiocenosis.

scholarly journals Susceptibility ofGardnerella vaginalisBiofilms to Natural Antimicrobials Subtilosin,ε-Poly-L-Lysine, and Lauramide Arginine Ethyl Ester

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yevgeniy Turovskiy ◽  
Thomson Cheryian ◽  
Ammar Algburi ◽  
Ruth E. Wirawan ◽  
Paul Takhistov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Obstetric Complications ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Vaginal Infection ◽  
Natural Antimicrobials ◽  
Rapid Methods ◽  
Plate Counts

Bacterial vaginosis is a common vaginal infection associated with numerous gynecological and obstetric complications. This condition is characterized by the presence of thick adherent vaginal biofilms, composed mainly ofGardnerella vaginalis. This organism is thought to be the primary aetiological cause of the infection paving the way for various opportunists to colonize the niche. Previously, we reported that the natural antimicrobials subtilosin,ε-poly-L-lysine, and lauramide arginine ethyl ester selectively inhibit the growth of this pathogen. In this study, we used plate counts to evaluate the efficacy of these antimicrobials against established biofilms ofG. vaginalis. Additionally, we validated and compared two rapid methods (ATP viability and resazurin assays) for the assessment of cell viability in the antimicrobial-treatedG. vaginalisbiofilms. Out of the tested antimicrobials, lauramide arginine ethyl ester had the strongest bactericidal effect, followed by subtilosin, with clindamycin and polylysine showing the weakest effect. In comparison to plate counts, ATP viability and resazurin assays considerably underestimated the bactericidal effect of some antimicrobials. Our results indicate that these assays should be validated for every new application.

scholarly journals Bacterial vaginosis in Pregnant Women: A diagnostic approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maleeha Aslam ◽  
Rubeena Hafeez ◽  
Shahbaz Aman ◽  
Anjum Azhar ◽  
Durre Shahwar Lone
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Clinical Criteria

Objective: To determine the prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) in pregnant women using a simple clinical diagnostic approach. Method: The clinical criteria developed by Amsel`s and colleagues were used as a reference standard for accurate diagnosis of Bacterial vaginosis (BV) infection. This is based on the presence of the following clinical signs 1) Homogeneous thin, white vaginal discharge 2) Presence of clue cells (greater than 20%). 3) Positive amine (whiff) test. 4) Vaginal pH > than 4.5. The presence of any three of the four clinical criteria was considered diagnostic for BV. Samples were collected from 75 pregnant females, irrespective of their gestational duration, presenting with vaginal discharge at the antenatal clinic of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Results: BV was diagnosed in 14 females giving an incidence of 18.7%. The, most common symptom was a thin white homogeneous vaginal discharge seen in 27(36%) women. The other diagnostic clinical signs observed were the presence of clue cells on wet mount 9(12%), positive `whiff` test 13(17.3%), and elevated pH>4.5 in 18(24%) women. Microscopic analysis of vaginal secretion revealed diminished polymorph epithelial ratio 19(25.3%) and loss of normal vaginal Lactobaclli 22(29.3%). The other associated findings were candidiasis seen in 16(21.3%) women, while Trichomonas infection in only one woman. These findings were confirmed on Gram staining. Gardnerella vaginalis 9(12%) and Gram variable organisms (Mobiluncus) 11(14.7%) were also identified by Gram smear of vaginal discharge. Conclusion: The clinical diagnosis of BV infection can be established by identifying three of Amsel`s four clinical criteria. In most cases it provides a rapid inexpensive and accurate diagnosis. Strategies should be planned to screen and treat women with BV so as to prevent adverse Obstetric outcome associated with it.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 560-564
Author(s):  
Slobodanka Djukic ◽  
Ivana Cirkovic ◽  
Biljana Arsic ◽  
Eliana Garalejic
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Vaginal Microflora ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Ultimate Cause

Bacterial vaginosis is a common, complex clinical syndrome characterized by alterations in the normal vaginal flora. When symptomatic, it is associated with a malodorous vaginal discharge and on occasion vaginal burning or itching. Under normal conditions, lactobacilli constitute 95% of the bacteria in the vagina. Bacterial vaginosis is associated with severe reduction or absence of the normal H2O2?producing lactobacilli and overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria and Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Mycoplasma hominis and Mobiluncus species. Most types of infectious disease are diagnosed by culture, by isolating an antigen or RNA/DNA from the microbe, or by serodiagnosis to determine the presence of antibodies to the microbe. Therefore, demonstration of the presence of an infectious agent is often a necessary criterion for the diagnosis of the disease. This is not the case for bacterial vaginosis, since the ultimate cause of the disease is not yet known. There are a variety of methods for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis but no method can at present be regarded as the best. Diagnosing bacterial vaginosis has long been based on the clinical criteria of Amsel, whereby three of four defined criteria must be satisfied. Nugent?s scoring system has been further developed and includes validation of the categories of observable bacteria structures. Up?to?date molecular tests are introduced, and better understanding of vaginal microbiome, a clear definition for bacterial vaginosis, and short?term and long?term fluctuations in vaginal microflora will help to better define molecular tests within the broader clinical context.

scholarly journals Study on bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women and associated factors on maternal and fetal outcome

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3459
Author(s):  
Chitti Sudha A. ◽  
G. Kanthi Teja
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Routine Screening ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a condition in which the normal, lactobacillus-predominant vaginal flora is replaced with anaerobic bacteria, gardnerella vaginalis and mycoplasma hominis1. It is one cause of vaginitis among pregnant and non-pregnant women and an extremely prevalent vaginal condition.Methods: The present study was conducted on all antenatal women attending OPD satisfying the inclusion criteria was taken during the study period 1st October 2012 to 30th June 2014 in GSL General Hospital, Rajahmundry was examined for bacterial vaginosis using Nugent score. All pertinent obstetric and neonatal data covering antenatal events during the course of pregnancy, delivery, puerperium and condition of each newborn at the time of birth was collected. BV was detected by both Gramstain (Nugent criteria) and gold standard clinical criteria (Amsel’s composite criteria).Results: In this study bacterial vaginosis is seen in 313 cases of educated women (62.6%) as most of them have got primary education and 187 (37.4%) cases are uneducated. In this study, symptomatic bacterial vaginosis is more common in multigravida (Bladder -23; Discharge -50) 73 (22%) when compared with primigravida 11 (6.5%) probably because of longer period of marital life. In this study antenatal risk factors like previous IUCD (4.2%) use, H/O STD’s (1.4%), husband having h/o of multiple sexual partners (1.8%) are 7.4%.No cases of smoking, alcohol, drug abuse, douching were reported.Conclusions: Both primigravida and multigravida asymptomatic cases are more when compared to symptomatic cases leading to the need for routine screening. Routine screening of antenatal women resulted in the decrease of adverse pregnancy outcome.

An update on the role of Atopobium vaginae in bacterial vaginosis: what to consider when choosing a treatment?

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Werner Mendling ◽  
◽  
Ana Palmeira‑de‑Oliveira ◽  
Stephan Biber ◽  
Valdas Prasauskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Dequalinium Chloride ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Atopobium Vaginae

Introduction. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal disorder in reproductive-age women. The condition is characterised by the replacement of a healthy, lactobacilli-dominated vaginal microbiota by anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. BV increases the risk of acquisition of STIs and is associated with pregnancy complications. Although the composition of the bacteria in BV varies between individuals, there are some species such as Gardnerella, Atopobium, Mycoplasma, Snethia, Megasphera, Dialister, etc., that are found most frequently. Material and methods. Literature research to the importance of Atopobium vaginae in BV and treatment options. Results. Atopobium (A.) vaginae is an important component of the complex abnormal vaginal flora in BV; even though A. vaginae, like Gardnerella vaginalis, has also been detected in the normal flora, it is much more common in BV patients. A. vaginae has been shown to play an important role in the pathophysiology of BV and is thought to be at least a partial cause of the known negative sequelae. The presence of A. vaginae in the BV-associated biofilms and its resistance to some antimicrobial substances has been described – this seems to have a major impact on treatment outcome. Conclusion. Current scientific data demonstrate that dequalinium chloride (Fluomycin®) is one of the valid therapeutic options for BV treatment, since it displays a broad antimicrobial spectrum against relevant vaginal pathogens, especially against G. vaginalis and A. vaginae, without having safety concerns. Key words: Bacterial vaginosis, Bacterial biofilm, Atopobium vaginae, Metronidazole, Clindamycin, Dequalinium chloride, Microbial resistance

scholarly journals Profil vaginosis bakterial di Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode Januari 2011-Desember 2015

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Romauli E. Siahaan ◽  
Nurdjannah J. Niode ◽  
Thigita A. Pandaleke
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Social Factor ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Clue Cell ◽  
Basic Characteristics

Abstract: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an abnormal situation in the vaginal ecosystem characterized by Lactobacillus as normal vaginal flora was replaced by a high concentration of anaerobic bacteria, especially Bacteroides sp., Mobilluncus sp., Gardnerella vaginalis, and Mycoplasma hominis. This study was aimed to obtain the profile of bacterial vaginosis in patients treated at the Polyclinic of Dermatovenereology Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospita; Manado from January 2011 to December 2015. This was a retrospective study using medical records of new BV patients including basic characteristics of patients, such as age, marital status, job, and treatment. The results showed that the number of patients with bacterial vaginosis during the period January 2011-Desember 2015 at the Polyclinic Hospital Dermatology Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado were as many as 117 patients. The group most affected by BV were at the age of 25-44 years in 61 patients (52%); job as housewife in 42 patients (35%); married in 93 patients (80%); social factor as the precipitating factors in 61 patients (52%). Bacterial vaginosis without concomitant diseases were found in 96 patients (82%), followed by comorbidities BV + vulvovagina candidiasis in 18 patients (15%). The most common therapy in those patients was metronidazole 2x500 mg for 7 days in 111 patients (95%). Conclusion: New cases of bacterial vaginosis were increase in 2011-2013 but they decreaased in 2014-2015.Keywords: bacterial vaginosis, vaginal discharge, bad odor, clue cell Abstrak: Vaginosis bakterial (VB) adalah suatu keadaan abnormal pada ekosistem vagina yang ditandai adanya konsentrasi Lactobacillus sebagai flora normal vagina digantikan oleh konsentrasi tinggi bakteri anaerob, terutama Bacteroides sp., Mobilluncus sp., Gardnerella vaginalis, dan Mycoplasma hominis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil vaginosis bakterial pada penderita yang berkunjung dan berobat di Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin RSUP Prof. Kandou Manado periode Januari 2011- Desember 2015. Jenis penelitian ialah retrospektif menggunakan rekam medik kasus baru VB yang meliputi data dasar seperti umur,status perkawinan, pekerjaan dan terapinya. Hasail penelitian mendapatkan jumlah penderita vaginosis bakterial selama periode Januari 2011 - Desember 2015 sebanyak 117 pasien. Kelompok paling banyak terkena vaginosis bakterial ialah umur 25-44 tahun sebanyak 61 orang (52%); pekerjaan Ibu Rumah Tangga (IRT) sebanyak 42 pasien (35%); sudah menikah sebanyak 93 orang (80%); dengan faktor sosial sebagai pencetus sebanyak 61 pasien (52%). Penyakit vaginosis bakterial tanpa penyerta didapatkan 96 pasien (82%) dan diikuti oleh penyakit penyerta VB+KVV yaitu sebanyak 18 pasien (15%). Jenis obat/terapi yang paling sering digunakan pada pasien vaginosis bakterial ialah metronidazole 2x500 mg selama 7 hari sebanyak 111 pasien (95%). Simpulan: Gambaran umum kasus baru Vaginosis bakterial menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan jumlah pasien pada tahun 2011-2013 dan pada tahun 2014-2015 terjadi penurunan Kata kunci: vaginosis bakterial, keputihan, bau, clue cell

Vaginal sialoglycan foraging by Gardnerella vaginalis: Mucus barriers as a meal for unwelcome guests?

Glycobiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavita Agarwal ◽  
Amanda L Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Vaginal Microbiome ◽  
Sialidase Activity ◽  
Vaginal Secretions

Abstract Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a condition of the vaginal microbiome in which there are few lactobacilli and abundant anaerobic bacteria. Members of the genus Gardnerella are often one of the most abundant bacteria in BV. BV is associated with a wide variety of poor health outcomes for women. It has been recognized since the 1980s that women with BV have detectable and sometimes markedly elevated levels of sialidase activity in vaginal fluids and that bacteria associated with this condition produce this activity in culture. Mounting evidence collected using diverse methodologies points to the conclusion that BV is associated with a reduction in intact sialoglycans in cervico-vaginal secretions. Here we review evidence for the contributions of vaginal bacteria, especially Gardnerella, in the processes of mucosal sialoglycan degradation, uptake, metabolism, and depletion. Our understanding of the impacts of vaginal sialoglycan degradation is still limited. However, the potential implications of sialic acid depletion are discussed in light of our current understanding of the roles played by sialoglycans in vaginal physiology.

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