scholarly journals Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 560-564
Author(s):  
Slobodanka Djukic ◽  
Ivana Cirkovic ◽  
Biljana Arsic ◽  
Eliana Garalejic
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Vaginal Microflora ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Ultimate Cause

Bacterial vaginosis is a common, complex clinical syndrome characterized by alterations in the normal vaginal flora. When symptomatic, it is associated with a malodorous vaginal discharge and on occasion vaginal burning or itching. Under normal conditions, lactobacilli constitute 95% of the bacteria in the vagina. Bacterial vaginosis is associated with severe reduction or absence of the normal H2O2?producing lactobacilli and overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria and Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Mycoplasma hominis and Mobiluncus species. Most types of infectious disease are diagnosed by culture, by isolating an antigen or RNA/DNA from the microbe, or by serodiagnosis to determine the presence of antibodies to the microbe. Therefore, demonstration of the presence of an infectious agent is often a necessary criterion for the diagnosis of the disease. This is not the case for bacterial vaginosis, since the ultimate cause of the disease is not yet known. There are a variety of methods for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis but no method can at present be regarded as the best. Diagnosing bacterial vaginosis has long been based on the clinical criteria of Amsel, whereby three of four defined criteria must be satisfied. Nugent?s scoring system has been further developed and includes validation of the categories of observable bacteria structures. Up?to?date molecular tests are introduced, and better understanding of vaginal microbiome, a clear definition for bacterial vaginosis, and short?term and long?term fluctuations in vaginal microflora will help to better define molecular tests within the broader clinical context.

scholarly journals Study on bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women and associated factors on maternal and fetal outcome

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3459
Author(s):  
Chitti Sudha A. ◽  
G. Kanthi Teja
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Routine Screening ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a condition in which the normal, lactobacillus-predominant vaginal flora is replaced with anaerobic bacteria, gardnerella vaginalis and mycoplasma hominis1. It is one cause of vaginitis among pregnant and non-pregnant women and an extremely prevalent vaginal condition.Methods: The present study was conducted on all antenatal women attending OPD satisfying the inclusion criteria was taken during the study period 1st October 2012 to 30th June 2014 in GSL General Hospital, Rajahmundry was examined for bacterial vaginosis using Nugent score. All pertinent obstetric and neonatal data covering antenatal events during the course of pregnancy, delivery, puerperium and condition of each newborn at the time of birth was collected. BV was detected by both Gramstain (Nugent criteria) and gold standard clinical criteria (Amsel’s composite criteria).Results: In this study bacterial vaginosis is seen in 313 cases of educated women (62.6%) as most of them have got primary education and 187 (37.4%) cases are uneducated. In this study, symptomatic bacterial vaginosis is more common in multigravida (Bladder -23; Discharge -50) 73 (22%) when compared with primigravida 11 (6.5%) probably because of longer period of marital life. In this study antenatal risk factors like previous IUCD (4.2%) use, H/O STD’s (1.4%), husband having h/o of multiple sexual partners (1.8%) are 7.4%.No cases of smoking, alcohol, drug abuse, douching were reported.Conclusions: Both primigravida and multigravida asymptomatic cases are more when compared to symptomatic cases leading to the need for routine screening. Routine screening of antenatal women resulted in the decrease of adverse pregnancy outcome.

scholarly journals Profil vaginosis bakterial di Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode Januari 2011-Desember 2015

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Romauli E. Siahaan ◽  
Nurdjannah J. Niode ◽  
Thigita A. Pandaleke
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Social Factor ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Clue Cell ◽  
Basic Characteristics

Abstract: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an abnormal situation in the vaginal ecosystem characterized by Lactobacillus as normal vaginal flora was replaced by a high concentration of anaerobic bacteria, especially Bacteroides sp., Mobilluncus sp., Gardnerella vaginalis, and Mycoplasma hominis. This study was aimed to obtain the profile of bacterial vaginosis in patients treated at the Polyclinic of Dermatovenereology Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospita; Manado from January 2011 to December 2015. This was a retrospective study using medical records of new BV patients including basic characteristics of patients, such as age, marital status, job, and treatment. The results showed that the number of patients with bacterial vaginosis during the period January 2011-Desember 2015 at the Polyclinic Hospital Dermatology Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado were as many as 117 patients. The group most affected by BV were at the age of 25-44 years in 61 patients (52%); job as housewife in 42 patients (35%); married in 93 patients (80%); social factor as the precipitating factors in 61 patients (52%). Bacterial vaginosis without concomitant diseases were found in 96 patients (82%), followed by comorbidities BV + vulvovagina candidiasis in 18 patients (15%). The most common therapy in those patients was metronidazole 2x500 mg for 7 days in 111 patients (95%). Conclusion: New cases of bacterial vaginosis were increase in 2011-2013 but they decreaased in 2014-2015.Keywords: bacterial vaginosis, vaginal discharge, bad odor, clue cell Abstrak: Vaginosis bakterial (VB) adalah suatu keadaan abnormal pada ekosistem vagina yang ditandai adanya konsentrasi Lactobacillus sebagai flora normal vagina digantikan oleh konsentrasi tinggi bakteri anaerob, terutama Bacteroides sp., Mobilluncus sp., Gardnerella vaginalis, dan Mycoplasma hominis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil vaginosis bakterial pada penderita yang berkunjung dan berobat di Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin RSUP Prof. Kandou Manado periode Januari 2011- Desember 2015. Jenis penelitian ialah retrospektif menggunakan rekam medik kasus baru VB yang meliputi data dasar seperti umur,status perkawinan, pekerjaan dan terapinya. Hasail penelitian mendapatkan jumlah penderita vaginosis bakterial selama periode Januari 2011 - Desember 2015 sebanyak 117 pasien. Kelompok paling banyak terkena vaginosis bakterial ialah umur 25-44 tahun sebanyak 61 orang (52%); pekerjaan Ibu Rumah Tangga (IRT) sebanyak 42 pasien (35%); sudah menikah sebanyak 93 orang (80%); dengan faktor sosial sebagai pencetus sebanyak 61 pasien (52%). Penyakit vaginosis bakterial tanpa penyerta didapatkan 96 pasien (82%) dan diikuti oleh penyakit penyerta VB+KVV yaitu sebanyak 18 pasien (15%). Jenis obat/terapi yang paling sering digunakan pada pasien vaginosis bakterial ialah metronidazole 2x500 mg selama 7 hari sebanyak 111 pasien (95%). Simpulan: Gambaran umum kasus baru Vaginosis bakterial menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan jumlah pasien pada tahun 2011-2013 dan pada tahun 2014-2015 terjadi penurunan Kata kunci: vaginosis bakterial, keputihan, bau, clue cell

scholarly journals Gardnerella Vaginalis Associated Bacterial Vaginosis: A Review Article

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis

Introduction: Gardnerella vaginalis is associated with bacterial vaginosis. Bacterial vaginosis (bacterial vaginosis = BV) is a clinical syndrome due to replacement of Lactobacillus spp. producing hydrogen peroxidase (H2O2) in normal vagina with high concentrations of anaerobic bacteria (eg Bacteroides spp., Mobiluncus spp.), this clinical syndrome also has other names, namely Haemophilus vaginalis vaginitis, nonspecific vaginitis or Gardnerella vaginalis vaginitis. Because the cause of BV is bacteria which are normal vaginal flora, BV is referred to as an endogenous infection in the female reproductive tract. Previous published research on BV has shown disagreements about transmission through sexual contact. Post-puberty women without sexual experience experience BV less frequently than those who have sexual experience. However, longitudinal cohort studies provide evidence that women who have new sexual partners or have multiple sexual partners have an increased incidence of BV.The likelihood that a woman has BV has a 20-fold increase in risk if her partner has BV. This raises the suggestion that it is possible that BV can be transmitted through sexual contact. However, there was no association between the incidence of BV with smoking habits, a history of abnormal Pap smears, menstruation, and menarche. Aim of this article is to review gardnerella vaginalis infection in bacterial vaginosis. Discussion: The presence of sexually transmitted diseases can also increase the risk of bacterial vaginosis. The normal vaginal ecosystem is a complex aspect. Lactobacillius is the dominant bacterial species (normal flora) in the vagina of women of childbearing age, but there are also other bacteria, namely aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. At the time BV appears, there is an overgrowth of some bacterial species which are normally present in low concentrations. Therefore, BV is categorized as an endogenous infection of the female reproductive tract.. Women with positive G. vaginalis cultures do not need routine therapy, unless they have BV symptomatically. All women with symptomatic BV require treatment, including pregnant women. Treatment of BV in pregnant women is to relieve signs and symptoms of vaginal infection, reduce the risk of infectious complications that accompany BV during pregnancy, and decrease other risk factors. Several studies using placebo have shown that treatment of sexual partners of women with BV does not improve clinical outcome of BV or decrease recurrence. Conclusion: BV has a favorable prognosis, and spontaneous improvement is reported in over one-third of cases. With the treatment of metronidazole and clindamycin gave a high cure rate (84 - 96%).Prevention needs to be done to minimize the actions that can be taken to prevent bacterial vaginosis.

scholarly journals Specifications of Microfloria in Dysbacteriosis of the Urogenital Tract in Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-151
Author(s):  
T. V. Sklyar ◽  
◽  
O. M. Medvedeva ◽  
О. А. Drehval ◽  
L. P. Holodok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Urogenital Tract ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Aerobic Vaginitis ◽  
Vaginal Microflora ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Age Category

The microbiocenosis of the vagina is a set of microorganisms that inhabit this habitat, normally represented mainly by lactobacilli. The condition of the microbiocenosis of the vagina is of great importance for reproductive health. Bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis are infectious diseases of the vagina caused by imbalances between physiological and opportunistic microflora, which are normally found in small quantities. The purpose of the study. The work is devoted to the study and analysis of the microflora of the urogenital tract of women in different periods of life with dysbiotic disorders. Materials and methods. A study of the vaginal microflora of 50 women of different ages who complained to a gynecologist was carried out. Microscopic examination of biological material from the vagina using Pappenheim staining showed complete or partial absence of lactobacilli in the samples and their replacement by other bacteria. Smear microscopy showed an increased content of epithelial cells, leukocytes and "key cells" - Gardnerella vaginalis in 25% of women of the 2nd age category (25-35 years old). In women of the 1st and 3rd age categories (15-25 and 45-65 years old, respectively), the content of epithelial cells and leukocytes was normal or slightly higher than normal. Results and discussion. In no case were gonococci and Trichomonas detected in the examined smears. Lactobacilli (bacillus flora) were most often registered in the 1st age category - almost 80%, against 12% in the second and 13% in the third. In 68% of women of the 2nd age category the mixed coco-stick flora prevailed; in the 3rd age group mixed microflora was found in 36% of people; in the first – was absent. Poor microflora was most often found in group 3 of women – 66%, against 20% in group 2, and was not observed in women of group 1. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to identify microorganisms in the studied samples. Conclusion. As a result of the survey of women of all ages, 155 strains of pathogenic microorganisms were isolated. The largest number of samples contained Candida spp. (18.7%), Staphylococcus spp. (10.3%), Gardnerella vaginalis (9.7%), Streptococcus spp. (7.1%), Mobiluncus spp., Atopobium vaginae, Leptotrichia spp., Eubacterium spp. were detected in a small number of samples, Ureaplasma urealytic and Mycoplasma hominis were not detected

scholarly journals Complexity of Vaginal Microflora as Analyzed by PCR Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis in a Patient With Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle Devillard ◽  
Jeremy P. Burton ◽  
Gregor Reid
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Vaginal Microflora ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Probiotic Lactobacilli

Objective:Gardnerella vaginalishas long been the most common pathogen associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV). We aimed to test our hypothesis that symptoms and signs of BV do not necessarily indicate colonization by this organism, and often will not respond to standard metronidazole or clindamycin treatment.Methods:Using a relatively new molecular tool, PCR denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), the vaginal microflora of a woman with recalcitrant signs and symptoms of BV was investigated over a 6-week timeframe.Results:The vagina was colonized by pathogenic enterobacteriaceae, staphylococci andCandida albicans. The detection of the yeast by PCR-DGGE is particularly novel and enhances the ability of this tool to examine the true nature of the vaginal microflora. The patient had not responded to antifungal treatment, antibiotic therapy targeted at anaerobic Gram-negative pathogens such asGardnerella, nor daily oral probiotic intake ofLactobacillus rhamnosusGG. The failure to find the GG strain in the vagina indicated it did not reach the site, and the low counts of lactobacilli demonstrated that therapy with this probiotic did not appear to influence the vaginal flora.Conclusions:BV is not well understood in terms of its causative organisms, and further studies appear warranted using non-culture, molecular methods. Only when the identities of infecting organisms are confirmed can effective therapy be devized. Such therapy may include the use of probiotic lactobacilli, but only using strains which confer a benefit on the vagina of pre- and postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals Features of vaginal microbiocenosis in women of reproductive age with overweight and obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
K.A. Gasparyan ◽  
V.K. Kondratyuk ◽  
I.G. Ponomareva ◽  
K.O. Kondratyuk ◽  
N.P. Dzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Vaginal Microflora ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic ◽  
Anaerobic Microflora

Overweight and obesity play a negative role in gynecological and obstetric practicE.In women, the frequency of infectious pathology increases against the background of metabolic disorderS.The most common form of infectious vaginitis is bacterial urogenital candidiasis, in the etiological structure of which a significant role belongs to the fungi Candida albicans, as well as Candida non-albicans: C.glabrata, C.tropicalis, C.parapsilosis, C.krusei. Associations of Candida fungi with various representatives of opportunistic microflora, such as gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic, facultative-anaerobic and obligate-anaerobic microorganisms, are often formed. As a result, numerous bacterial pathogens multiply and the number of lactobacilli, which are usually part of the bacterial flora of the vagina, is significantly reduced. In bacterial vaginosis (BV), the concentration of anaerobic pathogens Peptostreptococcus sp, Gardnerella vaginalis, Peptostreptococcus Mobiluncus sp, Mycoplasma hominis can increase 100 timeS.Activation of Atopobium vaginae and Gardnerella vaginalis, which play a “key” role in the pathogenesis of BV, has been proven. The aim of the study was to study changes in the vaginal microbiome in women with candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis in order to improve existing treatment regimenS.We examined 120 women of reproductive age with overweight and obesity. The degree of microbial contamination was determined and the maximum possible spectrum of aerobic and facultative-anaerobic microflora was detected. In women with vulvovaginal candidiasis, overweight and obesity, a high concentration (lg5.8 CFU/ml) of Candida fungi was found, and in 95% of patients two-, three- and four-component associations of Candida fungi with various representatives of conditional pathogenic microflora. Lactobacillus deficiency was found in 58.3% of patients, and their complete absence – in 10.0%. Bacteriological examination of the vaginal contents of women with vaginosis and obesity revealed significant dysbiotic disorders of the vaginal microflora, three-, four- and even five-component associations of anaerobic and facultative anaerobic microflora with a predominance of anaerobeS.A low seeding level of lactobacilli (lg2.2 CFU/ml) was established. Thus, the gram-positive anaerobic and facultative anaerobic microflora of Firmicutes have a significant share in the spectrum of vaginal microflora in overweight and obese patients, in contrast to non-obese women of reproductive agE.In women of reproductive age with vulvovaginal candidiasis and obesity, in contrast to non-obese patients, a higher frequency of fungal-bacterial associations, a higher quantitative level of vaginal contamination by Candida albicans and non-albicans with a lack or general absence of lactoflora.

scholarly journals Criteria for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis using the test Femoflor-16

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika V. Nazarova ◽  
Elena V. Shipitsyna ◽  
Ekaterina N. Gerasimova ◽  
Alevtina M. Savicheva
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Nugent Score ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Amsel Criteria

Background. Bacterial vaginosis is disturbance of the balance of the vaginal microflora, associated with a number of infectious diseases of the urogenital tract and adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this country, for the detection of vaginal dysbiotic conditions, the test Femoflor-16 (DNA-Technology, Moscow) is widely used, however interpretation algorithms of this test do not include the category of BV. Aim. The study aimed to elaborate diagnostic criteria for the detection of BV using Femoflor-16 test. Materials and methods. Women of reproductive age addressing a gynecologist with vaginal discharge were enrolled in the study. For clinical diagnosis of BV, the Amsel criteria were used, laboratory analysis for BV was performed via microscopic investigation of vaginal discharge using the Nugent score. Samples of vaginal discharge from all women were analyzed with the test Femoflor-16, intended for characterizing vaginal microbiocenosis using multiplex quantitative real-time PCR. Results. A total of 280 women were included in the study. BV was diagnosed in 86 women (31%) using the Amsel criteria, and in 81 women (29%) using the Nugent score. All groups of anaerobic bacteria included in Femoflor-16 test were shown to be associated with BV, with the exception of bacteria of the genus Mobiluncus, which are detected together with phylogenetically related but not BV-associated bacteria of the genus Corynebacterium. A low amount of lactobacilli (< 10% of total bacterial load) coupled with an elevated amount of Gardnerella vaginalis/Prevotella bivia/Porphyromonas (> 1%) and/or Eubacterium (> 2%) and/or Sneathia/Leptotrichia/Fusobacterium (> 0.1%) and/or Megasphaera/Veillonella/Dialister (> 0.1%) and/or Lachnobacterium/Clostridium (> 0.1%) and/or Peptostreptococcus (> 0.1%) and/or Atopobium vaginae (> 0.2%) detected BV with a sensitivity of 99% and specificity of 93%. Conclusions. Criteria for BV diagnosis using the test Femoflor-16 have been elaborated, which enable to detect BV or exclude it with a sensitivity of 99% and specificity of 93%. These criteria for BV and criteria of the test manufacturers for severe anaerobic dysbiosis determine to a large extent the same category of the vaginal microbiocenosis.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis by a new multiplex peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization method

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
António Machado ◽  
Joana Castro ◽  
Tatiana Cereija ◽  
Carina Almeida ◽  
Nuno Cerca
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Peptide Nucleic Acid ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Nugent Score ◽  
Vaginal Microflora ◽  
Pna Fish

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of most common vaginal infection and its diagnosis by classical methods reveals low specificity. Our goal was to compare the accuracy of BV diagnosis between the gold standard method, Nugent score, and our novel Peptide Nucleic Acid Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (PNA-FISH) methodology, which targets Lactobacillus and Gardnerella vaginalis populations. Epidemiological characteristic of the population under study (n=150) mirrored what has been described before in other major studies. Our results have shown a sensitivity of 84.6% (95% confidence interval (CI), from 64.3 to 95.0%) and a specificity of 97.6% (95% CI, from 92.6 to 99.4%), which attests the clinical value of this PNA-FISH approach. This methodology combines the specificity of PNA probes for Lactobacillus species and G. vaginalis visualization, and the criteria defined by Nugent score, allowing a trustful evaluation of the bacteria present in vaginal microflora and avoiding the occurrence of misleading diagnostics. Therefore, the PNA-FISH methodology represents a valuable alternative for BV diagnosis.

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