scholarly journals Geochemical and anthropogenic soil loads by potentially risky elements

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 441-447
Author(s):  
R. Vácha ◽  
J. Němeček ◽  
E. Podlešáková
Keyword(s):  
Total Content ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Historical Mining ◽  
Lower Solubility ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Anthropogenic Soil

The differentiation between anthropogenic and geogenic loads of the soils by potentially risky elements was observed. The collection of soil horizon samples from 21 localities with different anthropogenic loads (imission fall-outs, floods, historical mining) and geogenic loads (lithogenic, chalcogenic) was composed. The soil characteristics (pH, C<sub>ox</sub>), total content of 13 potentially risky elements, content of potentially risky elements in the extract of 2M HNO<sub>3</sub>, 1M NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp;(mobile forms) and 0.025M EDTA (potentially mobilizable forms) were detected. The solubility as the ratio of total content and the content of risky elements in the other extracts was calculated. The differences between the solubility for each risky element and for each type of the load were determined. It was concluded that the highest solubility was determined in the fluvisols contaminated by the floods and in the soils contaminated by imission fall-outs. Significantly lower solubility of potentially risky elements was determined in the soils with geogenic loads. The efficiency of the used extracts for the differentiation of the soil load was assessed (2M HNO<sub>3</sub>, 0.025M EDTA). The types of geogenic loads were characterised in the extent of used soil collection. Geochemically anomalous parent materials and soil types developed on these parent materials were described.

EFFECT OF SOLONETZ SOIL HORIZON MIXING ON ALFALFA GROWTH

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. CAIRNS
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Ap Horizon ◽  
Deep Plowing ◽  
Solonetz Soil

Samples of the Ap, Bn and Csk horizons of four Solonetz soil types were mixed to simulate the effect of deep plowing. Half of the mixed horizon samples were leached with water while the other half were not. Alfalfa was grown in the greenhouse on samples of Ap, Bn and mixed horizon soils. The alfalfa was harvested and chemically analyzed. The soil was subjected to certain chemical and physical determinations. Under conditions of adequate moisture the mixed horizons produced more alfalfa than the Ap horizon in two of the four soils. Leaching the mixtures resulted in lower alfalfa yields. Mixed horizon samples had higher infiltration rates, and lower breaking strengths than Bn horizon samples.

scholarly journals SCREENING OF THE CONTENT OF SOME HEAVY METALS AT THE HUMUS SOIL HORIZON OF THE TRANSCARPATHIAN REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Sergii Sukharev ◽  
Larysa Bugyna ◽  
Oleksandra Pallah ◽  
Oksana Sukhareva ◽  
Volodymyr Drobnych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Potential Danger ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Humus Soil

Based on the screening of some heavy metals (HMs) content in the humus soil horizon of the Transcarpathian region, the regularities of the distribution of HMs in the soils of different landscape zones have been established. It is shown that  increasing of the terrain height, the content of HMs in soils decreases (except for Mn and Hg) and for the total HMs content  the values of the Spearman correlation coefficient are: Cu – (-0.84); Zn – (-0.83); Mn 0.77; Mo – (-0.91); Co – (-0.82); Pb – (-0.83); Hg – absent; for the content of acid-soluble forms: Cu – absent; Zn – (-0.72); Mn 0.75; Mo – (-0.89); Co – (-0.86); Pb – (-0.77); Hg is absent. This pattern is associated with the tectonic and geological features of the different landscape zones. The calculation of the migration coefficient (the ratio of the content of acid-soluble forms to the gross content) has been shown that in mountainous regions this indicator has the highest value for Zn, Pb, and Cu. That means the potential danger of migration of these heavy me­tals and their bioavailability. This is probably connected to the type of soil in the mountai­nous areas of the region. A pronounced inter-element correlation of the HMs content in soils (except for Hg) has been established and the corresponding values of Pearson’s coefficients for the gross content are: Cu:Zn – 0,96; Cu:Mn – (-0,84); Cu:Mo – 0,89; Cu:Co – 0,99; Cu:Pb – 0,87; Zn:Mn – (-0,79); Zn:Mo – 0,91; Zn:Co – 0,96; Zn:Pb – 0,86; Mn:Mo – (-0,86); Mn:Co – (-0,84); Mn:Pb – (-0,75); Mo:Co – 0,87; Mo:Pb – 0,81; Co:Pb – 0,87. This makes it possible to predict the content of several HMs in the soils of the Transcarpathian region based on the results of determining one of them. In general, the content of HMs in the humus soil horizon (total content and content of mobile forms) is lower than the corresponding values of maximum permissible concentrations.  

scholarly journals The availability of base elements (Ca, Mg, Na, K) in some important soil types in Serbia

2003 ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miodrag Jakovljevic ◽  
Nikola Kostic ◽  
Svetlana Antic-Mladenovic
Keyword(s):  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Element Content ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Secondary Minerals ◽  
Alkali Elements

In this paper results are presented of agrochemical and mineralogical analyses of 14 types of important soils in Serbia (Vojvodina and Central Serbia) and total content and availability of base alkali elements (Ca, Mg Na, K) are determined. Total element content was as follows: Ca 2.22%; K 1.77%; Na 0.85% and Mg 0.61%. Total content of alkali metals in the soils investigated and their variations within and between the soil types, is in very good/close correlation with contents of primary and secondary minerals as well as their rates of weathering. Taking in account the average availabilities the most abundant is calcium with 947 mg/100 g, whilst the averages of the other elements (Mg, K and Na) are quite similar and are about of 40 mg/100 g of soil. The results obtained have shown that the soils investigated are well to moderate provided with K, Ca and Mg and that their deficit could not be expected in plant nutrition, apart for some plants/cultures in the case of magnesium due to occasionally higher Ca/Mg and K/Mg ratios.

scholarly journals Relações entre características químicas do solo e crescimento de Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze., em Passo Fundo, RS

1983 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Carmeli Antonia Cassol ◽  
Ari Zago
Keyword(s):  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Gley Soil ◽  
Growth Variation ◽  
Chemical Soil

The present work shows chemical soil characteristics and growth in plantings of Araucaria angustifolia, implanted in different soil types, in Passo Fundo, RS National Forest.Soils types were classified as Latosol Roxo, Lithosol Eutrophic Soil and Low-Humic Gley. Soil samples were taken randomly at 0 - 20cm deep in 400 m² area square plots. The chemical characteristics of the studied soils were related to growth variables by simple linear correlation.According to the findings, the chemical soil chemical characteristics were not considered adequate parameters to explain the growth variation observed for Araucaria angustifolia.

scholarly journals Methods for soil enhancement in geoheritage research: a case study from Veglia-Devero Natural Park (Lepontine Alps)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Masseroli ◽  
Irene M. Bollati ◽  
Luca Trombino ◽  
Manuela Pelfini
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Mountain Environments ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Lepontine Alps

&lt;p&gt;In mountain environments, the high variability of soil forming factors (i.e., parent material, climate, relief, organism, time) is responsible for the presence of different soil types, which not only contribute to the pedodiversity but are also a component of the local cultural heritage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Up to now, scarce attention has been paid to the soil in the geoheritage/geoconservation scientific analyses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To promote soil as element concurring to mountain geoheritage definition, we propose a strategy to include pedological topics within a multidisciplinary trail planned in the Veglia-Devero Natural Park (Lepontine Alps). The geomorphological dynamicity and environmental change affecting during times the small mountain catchment of Buscagna hydrographic basin are illustrated with a specific address to soil characteristics. The physical and chemical properties, and pedological features of soils reflect the interaction among the other ecosystem components (i.e. geology, geomorphology and vegetation), underlining the role of soil as natural archive for reconstructing landscape evolution and for achieving a more complete assessment of Late Quaternary geomorphic events, especially surface processes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Geopedological researches carried out in the study area, allowed to detect 7 soil profiles as potential sites of pedological interest, located in safe and accessible places, along already existing hiking paths. The selected soil profiles not only mirror the main soil types that characterize the area but also represent evidence of past environmental conditions and geomorphic dynamics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The opportunities for hikers and mountaineers, to observe the exposed soils along the Buscagna valley, thanks to the presence of erosional scarps and subsidence areas, allow also to get more awareness of the need of geoheritage conservation strategies addressed to soil, especially in the mountain landscape where soil characteristics reflect the striking influence of its forming factors.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Mobile Forms of Gold and Pathfinder Elements in Surface Sediments at the Novye Peski Gold Deposit and in the Piilola Prospecting Area (Karelia Region)

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Korshunova ◽  
Marina Charykova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Gold Deposit ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Gold Mineralization ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Mobile Form ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Pathfinder Elements

The success of prospecting for gold deposit in overburdened areas based on the using of secondary dispersion haloes mostly depends on the chosen method of geochemical survey (sampling horizon, sample preparation for analysis, etc.). At the same time, the geochemistry of gold in the supergene zone is insufficiently studied, especially it’s migration and concentration in association with other elements in surface sediments due to weathering of gold-bearing ore. The main aim of the study presented in this paper is the determination of mobile forms of gold and pathfinder elements (As, Cu, Ni, Ag, Zn, Pb, Se, Sb, Mo, Bi, and Te) in podzol soil and moraine in the areas of Karelia region with known gold mineralization. As a result of conducted experiments it was determined that the main mobile forms of gold are water-soluble and bound to organic matter, while pathfinder elements bound preferably to Fe and Mn(hydr)oxides and to organic matter. As gold and some pathfinders bind with organic matter, this form was considered in more detail, and the elements’ interaction with humic and fulvic acids was investigated. In addition, it was determined that the studied elements are quite “mobile” because the percentage of the mobile form in their total content was mostly more than 50%. The main features of the elements’ migration and concentration were identified in surface sediments of the study areas.

scholarly journals Content of heavy metals in Haplic Chernozem under conditions of agrogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 01024
Author(s):  
Anna Medvedeva ◽  
Olga Buryukova ◽  
Alexey Kucherenko ◽  
Yaroslav Ilchenko ◽  
Victor Chaplygin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Zn And Cu In ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the results of a long-term study on the content and distribution of heavy metals in Haplic Chernozem of agrocenoses in southern zone of Rostov Region. The impact of various agricultural technologies traditional (using moldboard ploughing) and resource-saving (minimum and No-till) on accumulation and mobility of Pb, Zn, Cu in Haplic Chernozem in winter wheat cultivation is considered. The total content of Pb, Zn, Cu in the winter wheat areas corresponds to the background level and does not exceed permissible concentrations. Low mobility of elements (Pb 2.0-3.0%; Zn and Cu up to 1.0% as a percentage of their total forms) is a regional soil feature. In addition, the low availability of Zn and Cu in soils is due to their removal with the crops in the absence of micronutrient fertilizer replenishment. The significant role of soil organic matter in the accumulation of both total and mobile forms of heavy metals in soil has been confirmed. The intensity of the cultivation methods used has a significant effect on the total content of Zn, Cu and on the mobility of Pb, Zn, Cu in Haplic Chernozem.

scholarly journals Distribution of aluminium among its mobilizable forms in soils of the Jizera Mountains region

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 346-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mládková ◽  
L. Borůvka ◽  
O. Drábek
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Potential Toxicity

Labile Al forms can be dangerous in acid soils due to their potential toxicity to plants. This paper deals with the distribution of exchangeable, weakly organically bound, and total organically bound Al forms in soils on 98 sites of the Jizera Mountains region. For the extraction of these Al forms, 0.5M KCl (Al<sub>KCl</sub>), 0.3M CuCl<sub>2</sub> (Al<sub>CuCl2</sub>), and 0.05M&nbsp;Na<sub>4</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (Al<sub>Na4P2O7</sub>) solutions were used, respectively. Aluminium concentrations in all extracts were determined by means of ICP-OES. Following mean concentrations of Al forms were found in the O and B horizons (mg/kg): Al<sub>KCl</sub> &ndash; 1236 and 832, Al<sub>CuCl2</sub>&nbsp;&ndash; 4268 and 1945, and Al<sub>Na4P2O7</sub>&nbsp;&ndash; 5043 and 8420. Basic soil characteristics were determined by commonly used methods. Their influence on Al forms distribution was assessed. Factor analysis showed that the most important soil factors controlling Al forms distribution were soil reaction and the total content of Ca (or Ca and Mg in the B horizon).

scholarly journals Clay-illuvial soils in the Polish and international soil classifications

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezary Kabała ◽  
Elżbieta Musztyfaga
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Hierarchical Order ◽  
History Of

AbstractSoil with a clay-illuvial subsurface horizon are the most widespread soil type in Poland and significantly differ in morphology and properties developed under variable environmental conditions. Despite the long history of investigations, the rules of classification and cartography of clay-illuvial soils have been permanently discussed and modified. The distinction of clay-illuvial soils into three soil types, introduced to the Polish soil classification in 2011, has been criticized as excessively extended, non-coherent with the other parts and rules of the classification, hard to introduce in soil cartography and poorly correlated with the international soil classifications. One type of clay-illuvial soils (“gleby płowe”) was justified and recommended to reintroduce in soil classification in Poland, as well as 10 soil subtypes listed in a hierarchical order. The subtypes may be combined if the soil has diagnostic features of more than one soil subtypes. Clear rules of soil name generalization (reduction of subtype number for one soil) were suggested for soil cartography on various scales. One of the most important among the distinguished soil sub-types are the “eroded” or “truncated” clay-illuvial soils.

scholarly journals Changes of S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxide levels during the growth of different garlic morphotypes

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Horníčková ◽  
R. Kubec ◽  
J. Velíšek ◽  
CejpekK ◽  
J. Ovesná ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Other Hand

The contents of three S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides (alliin, methiin, and isoalliin) were determined in the leaves, pseudostems, and bulbs of six garlic genotypes (two flowering plant morphotypes, two semi bolters, and two scape absent morphotypes) cultivated for five consecutive years at the same location. The average levels of alliin, methiin, and isoalliin were found to be as follows: 1.92, 0.44, and 0.07 mg/g fw in the leaves, 1.57, 0.27, and 0.08 mg/g fw in the pseudostems, and 1.71, 0.20 and 0.13 mg/g fw in the bulbs, respectively. No statistically significant year-to-year differences were observed between the samples. Furthermore, the total contents and relative proportions of S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides in various parts of the plants (leaves, pseudostems, bulbs and roots) were evaluated in detail during the whole vegetation period. It was observed that the total content of these amino acids gradually decreased in all parts except for the bulbs. In the bulbs, the total content initially decreased after planting but significantly increased in June and culminated before harvest. Analogous trends were also observed for alliin and methiin concentrations. On the other hand, isoalliin levels steadily decreased during the whole vegetation period in all parts of the plants.

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