scholarly journals Distribution of aluminium among its mobilizable forms in soils of the Jizera Mountains region

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 346-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mládková ◽  
L. Borůvka ◽  
O. Drábek
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Potential Toxicity

Labile Al forms can be dangerous in acid soils due to their potential toxicity to plants. This paper deals with the distribution of exchangeable, weakly organically bound, and total organically bound Al forms in soils on 98 sites of the Jizera Mountains region. For the extraction of these Al forms, 0.5M KCl (Al<sub>KCl</sub>), 0.3M CuCl<sub>2</sub> (Al<sub>CuCl2</sub>), and 0.05M&nbsp;Na<sub>4</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (Al<sub>Na4P2O7</sub>) solutions were used, respectively. Aluminium concentrations in all extracts were determined by means of ICP-OES. Following mean concentrations of Al forms were found in the O and B horizons (mg/kg): Al<sub>KCl</sub> &ndash; 1236 and 832, Al<sub>CuCl2</sub>&nbsp;&ndash; 4268 and 1945, and Al<sub>Na4P2O7</sub>&nbsp;&ndash; 5043 and 8420. Basic soil characteristics were determined by commonly used methods. Their influence on Al forms distribution was assessed. Factor analysis showed that the most important soil factors controlling Al forms distribution were soil reaction and the total content of Ca (or Ca and Mg in the B horizon).

scholarly journals Adsorption of Copper in Soil and its Dependence on Physical and Chemical Properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vítězslav Vlček ◽  
Miroslav Pohanka
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Copper Adsorption ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil samples (n = 11) were collected in the chernozem areas of the Czech Republic (the Central Europe) from the topsoil and used as representative samples. All sampling areas have been used for agricultural purposes (arable soil) and they were selected as typical representatives of agricultural soil. These samples represented the soil with same genesis (to reduction differencies between soil types) but with different soil properties (physical and chemical). Complete chemical and physical analyses were made for confirmation of copper adsorption on solid phase: we analysed the particle size distribution, content of oxidizable carbon (Cox), the cation exchange capacity (CEC), supply of exchange calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus and potassium, soil reaction and the total supply of Fe, Al, Mn, Ca, Mg, K, P and N. The strongest simple correlation between analysed soil properties and copper concentration had content of available magnesium (r = 0.44) and available phosphorus (r = −0.51). In the case of multiple correlations (i. e. collective influence of multiple soil properties) had the strongest influence combination of clay, soil reaction, total content of phosphorus, available magnesium and available phosphorus. The main influence of phosphorus and magnesium is evident. We suppose that copper and phosphorus enter into specific complex. Influence of these five soil properties can explain 92.7 % (r = 0.927) changes in the content of copper changes in the experiment.

scholarly journals Copper and zinc fractionation in biosolid cultivated with Pennisetum purpureum in different periods

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ely S. A. de Oliveira ◽  
Paulo H. S. Cardoso ◽  
Izabelle de P. Sousa ◽  
Anarelly C. Alvarenga ◽  
Márcio N. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Cultivation Period ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Critical Limits ◽  
Cu And Zn

ABSTRACT In order to reduce the effect of heavy metals on the biosolid, it is necessary to promote its phytoremediation. It is important to know the total content and chemical forms of these elements in the residue for analyzing its behavior and potential toxicity. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the fractionation and behavior of Cu and Zn in biosolid cultivated with Pennisetum purpureum in different periods. The experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design. The treatments, with five replicates, corresponded to Pennisetum purpureum cultivation in biosolid for 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days after planting. The total contents of Cu and Zn in the biosolid remained below the critical limits established by the CONAMA Resolution 357, and there was a reduction in these values with Pennisetum purpureum cultivation. Furthermore, the increment in the grass cultivation period caused intense reduction of Zn contents bound to organic matter, but there was an increase in soluble Zn and residual Zn. Additionally, there was an intense reduction in the content of Cu bound to sulfides. Therefore, for biosolid phytoremediation purposes, the grass should be cultivated for 150 days.

scholarly journals Pedo-Climatic Risks Over Făllticeni City Related Orchards

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162
Author(s):  
Vasile Jitariu ◽  
Bogdan Rosca ◽  
Constantin Rusu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Risk Status ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Climatic Risks ◽  
Two Parameters

Abstract Through this study, “Pedo-climatic risks over Fălticeni city related orchards”, we intend to conduct a study that highlights the way that a number of parameters such as climate and soil, through their evolution, may be considered a risk factor for orchards nearby Fălticeni city. The analysis of potential risk factors was conducted in direct relation with the of dominant species from studied area, which are apple (Malus domestica) and plum (Prunus domestica). From a climatic perspective, there were taken into account two parameters, temperature and rainfall, to see if they can induce a risk status in the studied orchards and as soil factors that were taken as parameters in our analysis are: soil reaction, carbonates of calcium and the ground water level, which are, at the same time, indicators that impose the most common restrictions over the studied plantations.

scholarly journals Geochemical and anthropogenic soil loads by potentially risky elements

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 441-447
Author(s):  
R. Vácha ◽  
J. Němeček ◽  
E. Podlešáková
Keyword(s):  
Total Content ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Historical Mining ◽  
Lower Solubility ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Anthropogenic Soil

The differentiation between anthropogenic and geogenic loads of the soils by potentially risky elements was observed. The collection of soil horizon samples from 21 localities with different anthropogenic loads (imission fall-outs, floods, historical mining) and geogenic loads (lithogenic, chalcogenic) was composed. The soil characteristics (pH, C<sub>ox</sub>), total content of 13 potentially risky elements, content of potentially risky elements in the extract of 2M HNO<sub>3</sub>, 1M NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>&nbsp;(mobile forms) and 0.025M EDTA (potentially mobilizable forms) were detected. The solubility as the ratio of total content and the content of risky elements in the other extracts was calculated. The differences between the solubility for each risky element and for each type of the load were determined. It was concluded that the highest solubility was determined in the fluvisols contaminated by the floods and in the soils contaminated by imission fall-outs. Significantly lower solubility of potentially risky elements was determined in the soils with geogenic loads. The efficiency of the used extracts for the differentiation of the soil load was assessed (2M HNO<sub>3</sub>, 0.025M EDTA). The types of geogenic loads were characterised in the extent of used soil collection. Geochemically anomalous parent materials and soil types developed on these parent materials were described.

Nodulation of subterranean clover growing in permanent pastures on acid soils in North-Central Victoria

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
HR Jones ◽  
BC Curnow
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Rhizobium Trifolii ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
North Central ◽  
Exchangeable Calcium ◽  
Central Victoria ◽  
Clover Root

A survey ofclover at 44 sites in permanent dryland pastures in North-Central Victoria, highlighted poor nodulation of subterranean clover.In 1982 and 1983 respectively only 40 and 62% of plants were effectively nodulated 8-10 weeks after germination of the clover. Clover root rot was also present in both years, 64% of plants being affected in 1982 and 14% in 1983. Nodulation was negatively correlated with the incidence of root rot and with the percentage of exchangeable aluminium in the soil and positively correlated with the percentage of exchangeable calcium in the soil. The number of Rhizobium trifolii in the soil was not correlated with any of the soil factors measured.

scholarly journals Soil reaction and absorption of silicon by rice

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica Sartori de Camargo ◽  
Hamilton Seron Pereira ◽  
Gaspar Henrique Korndörfer ◽  
Angélica Araújo Queiroz ◽  
Caroline Borges dos Reis
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Silicic Acid ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Soluble Silicon

The solubility and availability of silicon can be influenced by soil reaction. A pot experiment with a clayey textured Rhodic Acrustox was conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the effect of soil reaction on silicon availability to rice plants. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design, using a factorial scheme (4 x 4) with four materials (calcitic lime, calcium and magnesium silicate, pure silicic acid, and wollastonite), four rates (0, 2500, 5000 and 7500 mg per 5 kg-pot) and four replicates. After 60 days, dry matter yield and silicon absorption by the rice shoot plants, pH CaCl2, and soluble silicon (0.5 mol L-1 acetic acid and 0.01 mol L-1CaCl2) in the soil were evaluated. The materials increased soil pH as the applied rates increased, except silicic acid. Soluble silicon extracted by 0.5 mol L-1 acetic acid also increased with applied rates. For calcium chloride, soluble silicon increased in the soil only with wollastonite and calcium and magnesium silicate, agreeing with its total content. Silicon absorption by the above-ground part of the rice plants was linearly correlated with rates of wollastonite, followed by calcium and magnesium silicate, silicic acid and calcitic lime. Soil pH increase with lime was not sufficient to provide silicon to the rice. The 0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2 soluble silicon had the best correlation with silicon absorption by plants. More studies are necessary under field conditions and other soils to corroborate the presented results.

Studies on soil reaction: VI. The interaction of acid soils, calcium carbonate and water, in relation to the determination of “lime requirements.”

1925 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward M. Crowther ◽  
Wallace S. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Titration Curves ◽  
Calcium Bicarbonate ◽  
Electrometric Titration ◽  
Single Determination ◽  
Bicarbonate Solutions

The variations in Hutchinson-MacLennan “lime requirement” with the amount of soil and calcium bicarbonate solution are shown to be connected with the buffer action of the soil. Indirect titration curves can be derived from the calcium bicarbonate results, and show a systematic divergence from the direct electrometric titration curves, owing to the variable calcium concentration of the final bicarbonate solutions. In the presence of calcium chloride both methods show lower pH values for a given base absorption and yield almost identical titration curves. The Hutchinson-MacLennan “lime requirement” is always less than the equivalent of the amount of calcium hydroxide necessary to give a neutral suspension in the electrometric titrations. The calcium bicarbonate solutions at equilibrium are always more acid than pH 6·2, but the “salt effect” tends to give results corresponding to a somewhat higher degree of neutralisation. “Lime requirements” should be obtained by interpolation to some arbitrary concentration, and an empirical relationship is given by which the interpolation may be made from a single determination. The Hutchinson-MacLennan method can give no indication of the intensity of soil acidity, but serves to estimate the amount of lime necessary to give a considerable reduction of acidity.

scholarly journals Humus conditions of stands with different proportion of Douglas fir in the Hůrky Training Forest District and Křtiny Training Forest Enterprise

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 345-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Menšík ◽  
J. Kulhavý ◽  
P. Kantor ◽  
M. Remeš
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Acid Site ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Beech Stand ◽  
Forest District

The paper presented evaluates reserves and chemical composition of forest floor of three stands of Douglas fir, spruce and spruce with beech at acid sites (3K) in the Hůrky Training Forest District (TFD) and at a meso-trophic site (4H) in the Křtiny Training Forest Enterprise (TFE). The aim of the study was to evaluate: (<I>i</I>) reserves of forest floor, (<I>ii</I>) soil reaction, (<I>iii</I>) total content of carbon and nitrogen for the forest floor layers, <I>iv</I>) C/N ratio, and (<I>v</I>) the content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The lowest reserve occurs in the Douglas fir stand at a mesotrophic site (25.0 t/ha), the highest accumulation occurs in the spruce stand and in the spruce/beech stand at an acid site (79.4–79.6 t/ha). The soil reaction is strongly acid to acid. The most favourable values of pH for forest floor and soil at acid (4.6 ± 0.4) and mesotrophic sites (5.2 ± 0.4) occur in the Douglas fir stand. It also corresponds to C/N ratio (23–26). The highest reserve of carbon in forest floor occurs at the acid site 34.7 t/ha (1.3 t/ha nitrogen). The lowest reserve of carbon in forest floor at the mesotrophic site amounts to 8.5 t/ha (0.4 t/ha nitrogen). The higher content of DOC in stands at acid sites can result in a higher risk of soil acidification. Keywords: spe

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