scholarly journals Cadmium induced changes in cell wall peroxidase isozyme pattern in barley root tips

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 250-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Huttová ◽  
MistríkI ◽  
M. Ollé-Šimonovičová ◽  
L. Tamás
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Isozyme Pattern ◽  
Barley Root ◽  
Strong Inhibition ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Peroxidase Isozyme ◽  
Induced Changes

Changes in peroxidase activity as well as isozyme peroxidase pattern were analyzed in five cell wall (CW) fractions of barley roots exposed to 1mM CdCl<sub>2</sub>for 48 and 72 h. Whereas strong inhibition of peroxidase activity was detected in fraction CW I and weak inhibition in fractions CW II, III and IV, strong activation of peroxidase was observed in fraction V after Cd application. Despite the inhibition of enzyme activity in most CW fractions, induction of several isoperoxidases was discovered after separation on PAGE. In fraction CW I inhibition of one cathodic isoperoxidase and activation of two anodic and two cathodic isoperoxidases was detected. Additional two anodic and one cathodic Cd-induced isozyme appeared in CW II and CW III. Strongly activated anodic isoperoxidase was detected in fraction CW V. Our results demonstrate that monitoring the stress modified peroxidase activity in enzyme extracts using guaiacol as a non-specific peroxidase substrate is not sufficient enough. Since some isozymes can be activated and some inhibited, isozyme pattern analysis is recommended.

Short-term aluminium-induced changes in barley root tips

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 248 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Zelinová ◽  
Ľubica Halušková ◽  
Jana Huttová ◽  
Peter Illéš ◽  
Igor Mistrík ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barley Root ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Induced Changes

scholarly journals Aluminium induced esterase activity and isozyme pattern in barley root tip

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 220-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Tamás ◽  
J. Huttová ◽  
I. Mistrík ◽  
M. Šimonovičová ◽  
B. Široká
Keyword(s):  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Isozyme Pattern ◽  
Barley Root ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Growth Inhibition ◽  
Esterase Isozyme ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Al Stress

Changes in the activity of esterase as well as changes in the viability of root cells and some growth parameters were analysed during cultivation of barley seedlings in the artificial substrate under Al stress conditions. Aluminium-induced elevated esterase activity correlated with Al uptake, root growth inhibition and increased Evans blue uptake in the barley root tips. Analysis of isozyme pattern of esterase revealed one anodic and one cathodic esterase isozyme induced by Al-treatment. The possible role of elevated esterase activity during Al stress is discussed.

Immunogold localization of calmodulin in root caps of the maize Cultivar Merit

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 674-675
Author(s):  
P.T. Nguyen ◽  
C. Uphoff ◽  
C.L. Stinemetz
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Calcium Transport ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Immunogold Localization ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Electrical Currents ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
Maize Cultivar ◽  
Gravity Response ◽  
Induced Changes

Considerable evidence suggest that the calcium-binding protein calmodulin (CaM) may mediate calcium action and/or transport important in the gravity response of plants. Calmodulin is present in both shoots and roots and is capable of regulating calcium transport in plant vesicles. In roots calmodulin is concentrated in the tip, the gravisensing region of the root; and is reported to be closely associated with amyloplasts, organelles suggested to play a primary role in gravi-perception. Inhibitors of CaM such as chlorpromazine, calmidazolium, and compound 48/80 interfere with the gravitropic response of both snoots and roots. The magnitude of the inhibition corresponded well with the extent to which the drug binds to endogenous CaM. Compound 48/80 and calmidazolium block gravi-induced changes in electrical currents across root tips, a phenomenon thought to be associated with the sensing of the gravity stimulus.In this study, we have investigated the subcellular distribution of CaM in graviresponsive and non-graviresponsive root caps of the maize cultivar Merit.

Glycosyltransferases in plant and animal tissues effects of fixation and lead on enzyme activity.

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 772-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
W D Klohs ◽  
C W Goff ◽  
R J Bernacki
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Lead Ions ◽  
Fixation Time ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Cytochemical Localization ◽  
Onion Root ◽  
L1210 Cells

As the initial step toward the cytochemical localization of glycosyl-transferases in situ, biochemical determinations of these enzyme activities from onion root tips and L1210 cells were performed before and after fixation as well as in the presence of lead ions. Glycosyltransferase activity from roots fixed in buffered formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde before homogenization decreased as the concentration of the fixative or fixation time was increased. Formaldehyde fixation was less inhibitory than glutaraldehyde; 35% of the glycosyltransferase activity was retained after 30 min fixation in 2% formaldehyde while 25% of the enzyme activity remained after a similar fixation in glutaraldehyde. Substantially higher levels of L1210 cell glycosyltransferase activity were retained after a 30 min 2% formaldehyde fixation (60% sialyltransferase; 82% galactosyltransferase), but inhibition by glutaraldehyde was similar to that observed for onion root galactosyltransferase. Glycosyltransferase from formaldehyde-fixed roots was inhbited 35% by lead nitrate, but sialytransferase from formaldehyde-fixed L1210 cells was unaffected by lead ions. These findings are encouraging for further studies aimed at the development of cytochemical technique to localize glycosyltransferase in plant and animal tissues.

scholarly journals Cell Wall Perturbation Sensitizes Fungi to the Antimalarial Drug Chloroquine

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 3889-3896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farida Islahudin ◽  
Combiz Khozoie ◽  
Steven Bates ◽  
Kang-Nee Ting ◽  
Richard J. Pleass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Antimalarial Drug ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Fungal Inhibition ◽  
Cell Wall Integrity Pathway ◽  
Strain Collection ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Wild Type Yeast ◽  
Wall Perturbation

ABSTRACTChloroquine (CQ) has been a mainstay of antimalarial drug treatment for several decades. Additional therapeutic actions of CQ have been described, including some reports of fungal inhibition. Here we investigated the action of CQ in fungi, including the yeast modelSaccharomyces cerevisiae. A genomewide yeast deletion strain collection was screened against CQ, revealing thatbck1Δ andslt2Δ mutants of the cell wall integrity pathway are CQ hypersensitive. This phenotype was rescued with sorbitol, consistent with cell wall involvement. The cell wall-targeting agent caffeine caused hypersensitivity to CQ, as did cell wall perturbation by sonication. The phenotypes were not caused by CQ-induced changes to cell wall components. Instead, CQ accumulated to higher levels in cells with perturbed cell walls: CQ uptake was 2- to 3-fold greater inbck1Δ andslt2Δ mutants than in wild-type yeast. CQ toxicity was synergistic with that of the major cell wall-targeting antifungal drug, caspofungin. The MIC of caspofungin against the yeast pathogenCandida albicanswas decreased 2-fold by 250 μM CQ and up to 8-fold at higher CQ concentrations. Similar effects were seen inCandida glabrataandAspergillus fumigatus. The results show that the cell wall is critical for CQ resistance in fungi and suggest that combination treatments with cell wall-targeting drugs could have potential for antifungal treatment.

The preprophase band: possible involvement in the formation of the cell wall

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Packard ◽  
S.M. Stack
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Preprophase Band ◽  
Adjacent Cell ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Narrow Region ◽  
The Matrix

Numerous vesicles were observed among the microtubules of the “preprophase” band in prophase cells from root tips of Allium cepa. The content of these vesicles looks similar to the matrix of adjacent cell walls, and these vesicles often appear to be involved in exocytosis. In addition, the cell walls perpendicular to the plane of (beneath) the preprophase band are often differentially thickened compared to the walls lying parallel to the plane of the band. Our interpretation of these observations is that the preprophase band may direct or channel vesicles containing precursors of the cell wall to localized regions of wall synthesis. The incorporation of constituents of the cell wall into a narrow region defined by the position of the preprophase band may be a mechanism that ensures unidirecitonal growth of meristematic cells.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document