scholarly journals Antimutagenic effect of curcumin and its effect on the immune response in mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 72-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Šmerák ◽  
Z. Polívková ◽  
H. Šestáková ◽  
R. Štětina ◽  
BártaI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
Edible Plants ◽  
Blastic Transformation ◽  
Antimutagenic Effect ◽  
Aflatoxin B

A wide array of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory substances derived from edible plants have been reported to possess chemopreventive and chemoprotective activities. Among the most extensively investigated and well-defined dietary chemopreventives is curcumin. Using the Ames test and in vivo micronucleus test, chemiluminescence test, blastic transformation test, and comet assay, we examined the antimutagenic effects of the chemically identified chemoprotective substance curcumin (diferuloylmethane) in the pure form on mutagenicity induced by three reference mutagens: aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>), 2-amino-3-metylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), and N-nitroso-N-metylurea (MNU), and the effect of curcumin on the immunosuppression caused by these mutagens. Curcumin in the pure form showed a clear antimutagenic and immunomodulatory activities on mutagenicity and immunosuppression induced by reference mutagens. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Antimutagenic effect of epigallocatechin gallate and its effect on the immune response in mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 180-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Šmerák ◽  
H. Šestáková ◽  
Z. Polívková ◽  
R. Štětina ◽  
M. Langová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Antimutagenic Activity ◽  
Dna Breaks ◽  
Colon Cells ◽  
Antimutagenic Effect ◽  
Aflatoxin B

Green tea is the second-most consumed beverage in the world (water is the first one) and has been used medicinally for centuries in Indiaand China. The active substances in the green tea are polyphenols (catechins) and flavonols which possess a potent antioxidant activity. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is one of the four major green tea catechins. Using the Ames test, micronucleus test, comet assay, chemiluminescence test, and blastic transformation test, we examined the antimutagenic effects of chemoprotective substance epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in the pure form on the mutagenicity induced by three reference mutagens: aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [4,5-f] qui-noline (IQ), and N-nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU), and the effect of EGCG on the immunosuppression caused by these mutagens. Using the Ames test the dose dependent antimutagenic activity of EGCG was proved against indirect mutagens AFB<sub>1</sub> and IQ, but not against the direct mutagen MNU. In the micronucleus test, EGCG had antimutagenic effect upon all three mutagens. EGCG decreased the level of DNA breaks induced by AFB<sub>1</sub> in bone marrow cells and colon epithelium, and the level of DNA breaks induced by MNU in colon cells to the level found in control. The reparatory effect of EGCG on immunosupression induced by all three carcinogenic compounds was proved using chemiluminescence and blastic trasformation tests. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Evaluation of mutagenicity, genotoxicity and chronic toxicity of antiviral drug imidazolyl ethanamide pentandioic acid in in vitro and in vivo test systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 548-557
Author(s):  
E. A. Jain ◽  
D. Pleimes ◽  
A. A. Globenko
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Systemic Exposure

Introduction. The antiviral properties of imidazolyl ethanamide pentandioic acid (IPA), the active compound of the drug product, has been proven in various experimental models. However, the literature data on the toxicological properties of IPA are limited.Purpose. To evaluate mutagenic and genotoxic properties in in vitro and in vivo models, as well as to study the toxicity of IPA following chronic oral administration to rats and dogs.Materials and methods. Mutagenic and genotoxic properties of IPA were assessed using the Ames test, the test of chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes, and the micronucleus test in rats. The chronic toxicity of IPA was studied in Sprague Dawley rats and beagle dogs of both sexes, to which IPA was administered orally at doses of 30-300 mg/kg/day for 26 and 39 weeks, respectively.Results and discussion. In the Ames test, the addition of IPA up to the maximum dose (5000 mcg/plate) did not result in the increase in the number of revertant colonies. At a concentration of up to 5000 mcg/ml, IPA did not cause chromosomal aberrations in human leukocytes. At doses doses ≤ 2000 mg/kg, IPA did not increase the amount of micronuclei in the bone marrow of rats. In chronic experiments, animals tolerated the administration of IPA well: the dose without an observed effect (NOEL) for rats and dogs was 300 mg/kg/day.Conclusion. IPA did not show mutagenic and genotoxic properties in standard in vitro and in vivo tests. With chronic oral administration to rats and dogs, NOEL IPA equal to 300 mg/kg/day provided a systemic exposure that was 8-10 and 41-65 times higher than that in humans, respectively. The results obtained allow us to consider the safety profile of the prolonged use in humans as favorable.

scholarly journals Antimutagenic effect of ellagic acid and its effect on the immune response in mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 181-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Šmerák ◽  
H. Šestáková ◽  
Z. Polívková ◽  
I. Bárta ◽  
B. Turek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Mutagenic Effect ◽  
Free Oxygen Radicals ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Free Oxygen ◽  
Antimutagenic Effect

Using the Ames bacterial mutagenicity test and an in vivo micronucleus test, we investigated the antigenotoxic effect of ellagic acid on the genotoxicity of three mutagens: amino-methylimidazo-quinoline (IQ), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and N-nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU). Ellagic acid is a naturally occurring phenolic compound which is found in a variety of soft fruits and vegetables. The effect of this compound on the immunosuppressive activity of mutagens was followed in vivo by the chemiluminescence test. In the Ames assay, ellagic acid at concentrations of 300 and 30 &mu;g/plate demonstrably inhibits the mutagenic activity of two indirect mutagens: IQ and AFB1. The concentration of 300 &mu;g/plate had the strongest effect on mutagenicity of all concentrations of IQ in strain TA98 of Salmonella typhimurium, whereas in strain TA100 concentration of 30 &mu;g per dish of ellagic acid was more effective than 300 &mu;g per plate. Also in combination with different concentrations of AFB1, ellagic acid proved to be a strong antimutagen. In this case the lower of the two effective concentrations &ndash; 30 &mu;g/plate &ndash; had a much greater antimutagenic effect on both strains tested than 300 &mu;g/plate. In combination with the direct mutagen MNU, ellagic acid did not show any marked antimutagenic effect at most of the concentrations tested in strain TA100. Only the highest concentrations of ellagic acid reduced the mutagenic effect of MNU weakly and only in combination with two lower concentrations of MNU. In the micronucleus test, three-day oral application of ellagic acid prior to the applicaton of AFB1, IQ, or MNU, respectively, markedly reduced the numbers of micronuclei induced by these three mutagens in polychromatophilic erythrocytes of mice. Chemiluminescence test with mouse granulocytes proved that ellagic acid not only prevents the inhibitory effects of mutagens on free oxygen radicals and hydrogen peroxide production, but that this production is stimulated by ellagic acid in combination with mutagens even to a greater extent than by ellagic acid alone. From these results we can deduce that ellagic acid repairs strong immunosuppressive effects of all mutagens applied. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Antimutagenic effect of resveratrol

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 202-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Langová ◽  
Z. Polívková ◽  
P. Šmerák ◽  
J. Bártová ◽  
I. Bárta
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Antimutagenic Activity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Micronucleus Tests ◽  
Aflatoxin B

Evidence exists from population-based and laboratory studies that some phytochemicals have protective effects against tumors or other diseases and reveal antimutagenic activity. We studied the protective effect of the plant phytoallexin resveratrol on the mutagenic activity of three mutagens, i.e. aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]qui-noline (IQ) and N-nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU) using the Ames and the micronucleus tests. In the Ames test, we proved a significant antimutagenic activity only against the indirect mutagens AFB<sub>1</sub> and IQ, not against the direct mutagen MNU. A significant decrease of mutagenicity of all three mutagens was detected by the micronucleus test. &nbsp;

scholarly journals In Vitro Genotoxicity Assessment from the Glycyrrhiza New Variety Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10257
Author(s):  
Young-Jae Song ◽  
Dong-Gu Kim ◽  
Jeonghoon Lee ◽  
Wonnam Kim ◽  
Hyo-Jin An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ames Test ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽  
Chromosome Aberration Test ◽  
In Vitro Genotoxicity

The various species that comprise the genus Glycyrrhiza (Licorice) have long been used as oriental herbal medicines in Asian countries. Wongam (WG), which is a new variety of Glycyrrhiza, was developed in Korea to overcome the limitations of low productivity, environmental restrictions, and an insufficient presence of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritigenin. In this study, we evaluated WG extract’s genotoxicity through an in vitro bacterial reverse mutation (AMES) test, an in vitro chromosome aberration test, and an in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. In the AMES test, WG extract at concentrations of up to 5000 µg/plate showed no genotoxicity regardless of S9 mix. No chromosome aberrations appeared after 6 h in 1400 µg/mL WG extract regardless of S9 mix or in 1100 µg/mL WG extract after 24 h without S9 mix. Nor was there a significant increase in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes to total erythrocytes up to 5000 mg/kg/day for 2 days detected in the micronucleus test. These results confirm that WG extract is safe for use as an herbal medicine, as it precipitates no detectable genotoxic effects.

First in vivo evaluation of the mutagenic effect of Brazilian green propolis by comet assay and micronucleus test

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 2580-2584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alzira Danielly Pereira ◽  
Sergio Faloni de Andrade ◽  
Mário Sergio de Oliveira Swerts ◽  
Edson Luis Maistro
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mutagenic Effect ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Brazilian Green Propolis

scholarly journals In vivo genotoxicity of treated water containing the cylindrospermopsin-producer Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Fonseca ◽  
J. Da Silva ◽  
E. A. Nunes ◽  
S. M. F. O. Azevedo ◽  
R. M. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Producer Strain ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Marrow Cells

Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is an alkaloid commonly produced by some cyanobacteria that has been implicated in outbreaks of human illness. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxicity of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii cellular content (including CYN) and its byproducts resulting from chlorination during water treatment. DNA damage in blood and liver cells was analysed by the comet assay and micronucleus test (MN). Mice were injected intraperitoneally with the following treatments: (a) physiological saline, (b) treated water, (c) treated water plus C. raciborskii extract (CYN producer strain, CYPO-011 K), (d) C. raciborskii extract (CYN producer strain, CYPO-011 K), (e) C. raciborskii extract (CYN non producer strain), and (f) treated water plus C. raciborskii extract (CYN non producer strain) extract. After 48 h, samples were taken to perform tests (blood and liver cells to the comet assay and bone marrow to MN test). The CYPO-011 K had a genotoxic and mutagenic effects on liver and bone marrow cells. The group that received chlorine-treated water plus CYPO-011 K also exhibited genotoxic effects in the liver, as well as in the blood, and a mutagenic effect in blood marrow cells. The results emphasise the need of improving CYN monitoring in waters bodies in order to reduce the risk of human exposure.

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