scholarly journals Antimutagenic effect of ellagic acid and its effect on the immune response in mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 181-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Šmerák ◽  
H. Šestáková ◽  
Z. Polívková ◽  
I. Bárta ◽  
B. Turek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Mutagenic Effect ◽  
Free Oxygen Radicals ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Free Oxygen ◽  
Antimutagenic Effect

Using the Ames bacterial mutagenicity test and an in vivo micronucleus test, we investigated the antigenotoxic effect of ellagic acid on the genotoxicity of three mutagens: amino-methylimidazo-quinoline (IQ), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and N-nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU). Ellagic acid is a naturally occurring phenolic compound which is found in a variety of soft fruits and vegetables. The effect of this compound on the immunosuppressive activity of mutagens was followed in vivo by the chemiluminescence test. In the Ames assay, ellagic acid at concentrations of 300 and 30 μg/plate demonstrably inhibits the mutagenic activity of two indirect mutagens: IQ and AFB1. The concentration of 300 μg/plate had the strongest effect on mutagenicity of all concentrations of IQ in strain TA98 of Salmonella typhimurium, whereas in strain TA100 concentration of 30 μg per dish of ellagic acid was more effective than 300 μg per plate. Also in combination with different concentrations of AFB1, ellagic acid proved to be a strong antimutagen. In this case the lower of the two effective concentrations – 30 μg/plate – had a much greater antimutagenic effect on both strains tested than 300 μg/plate. In combination with the direct mutagen MNU, ellagic acid did not show any marked antimutagenic effect at most of the concentrations tested in strain TA100. Only the highest concentrations of ellagic acid reduced the mutagenic effect of MNU weakly and only in combination with two lower concentrations of MNU. In the micronucleus test, three-day oral application of ellagic acid prior to the applicaton of AFB1, IQ, or MNU, respectively, markedly reduced the numbers of micronuclei induced by these three mutagens in polychromatophilic erythrocytes of mice. Chemiluminescence test with mouse granulocytes proved that ellagic acid not only prevents the inhibitory effects of mutagens on free oxygen radicals and hydrogen peroxide production, but that this production is stimulated by ellagic acid in combination with mutagens even to a greater extent than by ellagic acid alone. From these results we can deduce that ellagic acid repairs strong immunosuppressive effects of all mutagens applied.  

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Capabilities, and Bioavailability: Ellagic Acid or Urolithins?

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Alfei ◽  
Barbara Marengo ◽  
Guendalina Zuccari
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Natural Polyphenols ◽  
Extreme Variability ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives

Oxidative stress (OS), triggered by overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, is the main mechanism responsible for several human diseases. The available one-target drugs often face such illnesses, by softening symptoms without eradicating the cause. Differently, natural polyphenols from fruits and vegetables possess multi-target abilities for counteracting OS, thus representing promising therapeutic alternatives and adjuvants. Although in several in vitro experiments, ellagitannins (ETs), ellagic acid (EA), and its metabolites urolithins (UROs) have shown similar great potential for the treatment of OS-mediated human diseases, only UROs have demonstrated in vivo the ability to reach tissues to a greater extent, thus appearing as the main molecules responsible for beneficial activities. Unfortunately, UROs production depends on individual metabotypes, and the consequent extreme variability limits their potentiality as novel therapeutics, as well as dietary assumption of EA, EA-enriched functional foods, and food supplements. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of OS; on EA and UROs chemical features and on the mechanisms of their antioxidant activity. A discussion on the clinical applicability of the debated UROs in place of EA and on the effectiveness of EA-enriched products is also included.

scholarly journals Antimutagenic effect of curcumin and its effect on the immune response in mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 72-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Šmerák ◽  
Z. Polívková ◽  
H. Šestáková ◽  
R. Štětina ◽  
BártaI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
Edible Plants ◽  
Blastic Transformation ◽  
Antimutagenic Effect ◽  
Aflatoxin B

A wide array of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory substances derived from edible plants have been reported to possess chemopreventive and chemoprotective activities. Among the most extensively investigated and well-defined dietary chemopreventives is curcumin. Using the Ames test and in vivo micronucleus test, chemiluminescence test, blastic transformation test, and comet assay, we examined the antimutagenic effects of the chemically identified chemoprotective substance curcumin (diferuloylmethane) in the pure form on mutagenicity induced by three reference mutagens: aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>), 2-amino-3-metylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), and N-nitroso-N-metylurea (MNU), and the effect of curcumin on the immunosuppression caused by these mutagens. Curcumin in the pure form showed a clear antimutagenic and immunomodulatory activities on mutagenicity and immunosuppression induced by reference mutagens. &nbsp;

First in vivo evaluation of the mutagenic effect of Brazilian green propolis by comet assay and micronucleus test

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 2580-2584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alzira Danielly Pereira ◽  
Sergio Faloni de Andrade ◽  
Mário Sergio de Oliveira Swerts ◽  
Edson Luis Maistro
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mutagenic Effect ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Brazilian Green Propolis

Genetic Toxicity Studies of the Ketogenic Ester Bis Hexanoyl (R)-1,3-Butanediol

2021 ◽  
pp. 109158182199177
Author(s):  
Brianna J. Stubbs ◽  
Andrey I. Nikiforov ◽  
Marisa O. Rihner ◽  
Sari Weston ◽  
Nancy Higley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Genetic Toxicity ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes

A series of studies was conducted to assess the genetic toxicity of a novel ketone ester, bis hexanoyl (R)-1,3-butanediol (herein referred to as BH-BD), according to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development testing guidelines under the standards of Good Laboratory Practices. In bacterial reverse mutation tests, there was no evidence of mutagenic activity in any of the Salmonella typhimurium strains tested or in Escherichia coli strain WP2 uvrA, at dose levels up to 5,000 μg/plate in the presence or absence of Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver (S9 mix) for metabolic activation. In the in vitro micronucleus test using human TK6 cells, BH-BD did not show a statistically significant increase in the number of cells containing micronuclei when compared with concurrent control cultures at all time points and at any of the concentrations analyzed (up to 100 μg/mL, final concentration in culture medium), with and without S9 mix activation. In the in vivo micronucleus test using Sprague Dawley rats, BH-BD did not show a statistically significant increase in the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes relative to the vehicle control group. Therefore, BH-BD was concluded to be negative in all 3 tests. These results support the safety assessment of BH-BD for potential use in food.

scholarly journals Assessment of mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of Solanum paniculatum L. extracts using in vivo micronucleus test in mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM. Vieira ◽  
SC. Santos ◽  
L. Chen-Chen
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Mutagenic Effect ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Tropical America ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Solanum paniculatum L. is a plant species widespread throughout tropical America, especially in the Brazilian Savanna region. It is used in Brazil for culinary purposes and in folk medicine to treat liver and gastric dysfunctions, as well as hangovers. Because of the wide use of this plant as a therapeutic resource and food, the present study aimed at evaluating the mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of S. paniculatum ethanolic leaf and fruit extracts using the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. Our results indicate that neither S. paniculatum ethanolic leaf extract nor its ethanolic fruit extract exhibited mutagenic effect in mice bone marrow; however, at higher doses, both extracts presented cytotoxic activity.

scholarly journals Absence of antimutagenicity of Cochlospermum regium (Mart. and Schr.) Pilger 1924 by micronucleus test in mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
LS. Andrade ◽  
DB. Santos ◽  
DB. Castro ◽  
LA Guillo ◽  
L. Chen-Chen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Antimutagenic Effect ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes

Cochlospermum regium (Mart. and Schr.) Pilger, popularly known as "algodãozinho do campo", is a medicinal plant that grows in the Cerrado of Brazil. This plant has been used in traditional medicine against various diseases such as leucorrhoea, gastritis and ulcers. It has also been effective in treating skin problems like pimples, boils and blotches. In the present study, the in vivo antimutagenicity of aqueous extract of C. regium was evaluated. The Micronucleus Test was performed in polychromatic erythrocytes from Swiss male mice treated with one of the four doses of extract of the plant (19, 38, 76 and 114 mg.kg-1 body weight), administered by intraperitonial injection (i.p.) simultaneously with cyclophosphamide (24 mg.kg-1 b.w.) or mitomycin C (4 mg.kg-1 b.w.). The cytotoxicity was evaluated by polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes ratio (PCE/NCE). The results showed no significant reduction of the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes frequency (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the data indicate that C. regium roots aqueous extract, for the conditions used, did not exhibit the antimutagenic effect.

scholarly journals Infectious Knockdown of CREB and HIF-1 for the Treatment of Metastatic Uveal Melanoma

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Voropaev ◽  
Maria Gimmelshein Vatkin ◽  
Dudi Shneor ◽  
Shahar Luski ◽  
Alik Honigman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Free Oxygen Radicals ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Free Oxygen ◽  
Hypoxic Tumor

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most prevalent primary intraocular cancer in adults. Up to half the patients develop metastases that are currently incurable, and most patients die within two years following the diagnosis of metastases. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches are required. It has been established that tumor cells are more resistant to the hypoxia cue than non-malignant cells and can remain viable in hypoxia. Oxygen absence in hypoxic tumor areas means the absence of chemotherapeutics and the absence of the effector for radiotherapy (free oxygen radicals). To overcome this treatment resistance, we constructed MuLV-based replication-competent retroviral (RCR) vectors expressing shRNA targeting the hypoxia-response regulating genes CREB and HIF-1. These RCRs express shRNAs either against a single exon or against an exon and the poly-A signal to minimize the point-mutation resistance. These RCRs that only infect replicating cells will preferentially infect tumor cells. Pre-infected Mel270 UM subcutaneous xenografts in SCID mice were monitored weekly in vivo via bioluminescence. Here, we demonstrate that the knockdown of CREB or HIF-1 in UM cells dramatically decreases UM tumor progression. The reduction of the expression of Glut-1, which is a major glucose transporter in cancer cells, within tumors that are infected with the armed viruses may indicate UM’s dependence on glycolysis for tumor progression.

Epigallocatechin gallate can significantly decrease free oxygen radicals in the reperfusion injury in vivo

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 3116-3120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Büttemeyer ◽  
A.W Philipp ◽  
L Schlenzka ◽  
J.W Mall ◽  
M Beissenhirtz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Oxygen Radicals ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Free Oxygen Radicals ◽  
Free Oxygen

scholarly journals First phytochemical and biological study of the ethanolic extract from leaves of Capirona decorticans (Rubiaceae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-346
Author(s):  
Fernando Gomes BARBOSA ◽  
Marina Mariko SUGUI ◽  
Valéria Dornelles Gindri SINHORIN ◽  
Rogério de Campos BICUDO ◽  
Fernando Rafael de MOURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Biological Study ◽  
Antimutagenic Effect ◽  
Test Protein ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress

ABSTRACT Capirona decorticans (Rubiaceae) is popularly used to treat warts, wounds, mycoses and scabies, and is also a component of the Ayahuasca tea. Despite its popular use, the phytochemical and pharmacological research on this species is limited. Therefore, this work quantified phenolic compounds in the ethanolic extract (EE) and hydromethanolic fraction (FM) (406, 293 mgEAG g-1, respectively) from leaves of C. decorticans. We identified flavonoids by LC-MS/MS-MMR-ESI (apigenin, rutin, luteolin, miricetin, quercetin, quercetin-3-β-D-glucoside, quercetrin), and evaluated oxidative stress and mutagenic/antimutagenic effect of EE and FM through an in vivo experiment using Swiss mice and cyclophosphamide (CP) as an inducer of DNA damage and oxidative stress. Mice were pretreated for 15 consecutive days with EE or FM (250 mg kg-1) and then intraperitoneally injected with CP (25 mg kg-1). Carbonylated proteins, ascorbic acid, catalase and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were measured in hepatic and renal tissues. The mutagenic/antimutagenic effect was evaluated through the Micronucleus Test. Protein carbonylation in the liver of animals exposed to CP was reduced by FM. There was no significant effect on other markers of oxidative stress. The groups treated with the extracts showed a significant percentage reduction (EE = 96% and FM = 71%) in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes induced by CP. EE showed mutagenicity when used alone. The EE and FM of C. decorticans leaves showed antioxidant potential equivalent to that observed in other species, did not cause oxidative stress, nor toxicity, and had a protective and antimutagenic effect, although the EE showed signs of mutagenicity.

The Effect of Ergothioneine on Clastogenic Potential and Mutagenic Activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander G. Schauss ◽  
Erzsébet Béres ◽  
Adél Vértesi ◽  
Zsuzsanna Frank ◽  
Ilona Pasics ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Chromosome Aberration Assay ◽  
Mammalian Erythrocyte ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽  
Structural Chromosome

L-(+)-ergothioneine has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo and has uses as a dietary supplement and as an ingredient in foods, cosmetics, and as a pharmaceutical additive. The clastogenic potential and mutagenic of ergothioneine were assessed in vitro and in vivo. Ergothioneine concentrations up to 5000 μg/mL, with and without metabolic activation, was tested in the chromosome aberration assay with CHL cells and found not to induce structural chromosome aberrations. In the in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test, ergothioneine was administered orally to male mice at doses up to 1500 mg/kg for potential genotoxic activity. No increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was observed.  Overall, ergothioneine was not genotoxic in these studies and provides additional experimental evidence supporting the safety of its use as a potential dietary supplement.

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