scholarly journals In vivo genotoxicity of treated water containing the cylindrospermopsin-producer Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Fonseca ◽  
J. Da Silva ◽  
E. A. Nunes ◽  
S. M. F. O. Azevedo ◽  
R. M. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Producer Strain ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Marrow Cells

Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is an alkaloid commonly produced by some cyanobacteria that has been implicated in outbreaks of human illness. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxicity of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii cellular content (including CYN) and its byproducts resulting from chlorination during water treatment. DNA damage in blood and liver cells was analysed by the comet assay and micronucleus test (MN). Mice were injected intraperitoneally with the following treatments: (a) physiological saline, (b) treated water, (c) treated water plus C. raciborskii extract (CYN producer strain, CYPO-011 K), (d) C. raciborskii extract (CYN producer strain, CYPO-011 K), (e) C. raciborskii extract (CYN non producer strain), and (f) treated water plus C. raciborskii extract (CYN non producer strain) extract. After 48 h, samples were taken to perform tests (blood and liver cells to the comet assay and bone marrow to MN test). The CYPO-011 K had a genotoxic and mutagenic effects on liver and bone marrow cells. The group that received chlorine-treated water plus CYPO-011 K also exhibited genotoxic effects in the liver, as well as in the blood, and a mutagenic effect in blood marrow cells. The results emphasise the need of improving CYN monitoring in waters bodies in order to reduce the risk of human exposure.

Genotoxic Effect of Epirubicin in Mouse Bone Marrow in vivo

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asuman K. Sen ◽  
Emin Karakas ◽  
Rahmi Bilaloglu
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Anticancer Drug ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Genotoxic Effect ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽  
Marrow Cells

The genotoxic effect of epirubicin, a semisynthetic anthracycline antibiotic which has been used as an anticancer drug, was investigated in vivo on bone marrow cells of Swiss albino mice using the micronucleus test. To determine the incidence of micronuclei, mice were injected intraperitoneally with the drug at single doses of 4, 6, 8, and 10 mg/kg body weight. Then, bone marrow was sampled 18, 24, 36, and 48 h after the treatment. Polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes were examined for the presence of micronuclei. Epirubicin significantly increased the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) for all treatment periods compared with the negative control (P < 0.001). The frequency of MNPCEs increased with the dose, but at the highest dose used (which is considered to be quite toxic), the frequency of MNPCEs was rather lower. Epirubicin also decreased the ratio of polychromatic to normochromatic erythrocytes (PCE/NCE) for all sampling intervals, which is indicative of bone marrow cytotoxicity. It can be concluded from the present study that the anticancer drug epirubicin has genotoxic effects on mouse bone marrow cells.

scholarly journals Genotoxicity Assessment and Protective Effect of Anogeissus leiocarpus Roots against Cyclophosphamide-Induced DNA Damage In Vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Aku Enam Motto ◽  
Povi Lawson-Evi ◽  
Aboudoulatif Diallo ◽  
Kwashie Eklu-Gadegbeku
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Marrow Cell ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽  
Anogeissus Leiocarpus ◽  
Marrow Cells

Background. Belonging to the family of Combretaceae, the roots of Anogeissus leiocarpus are traditionally used to treat diabetes, wounds, infections, pain, and gastrointestinal diseases. To our knowledge, no genotoxicity assessment of the plant was reported. Hence, this study was designed to evaluate the potential genotoxic and protective effects of extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus roots using the micronucleus test on mice bone marrow cells in vivo. Methods. Three different concentrations (250, 500, and 1000 mg·kg−1) of hydroalcoholic extract of roots of A. leiocarpus were administered daily for 7 days per os to mice, and the genotoxicity was induced by the administration ip of cyclophosphamide. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity were evaluated by counting, respectively, the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes and polychromatic erythrocytes to total erythrocytes in the bone marrow of mice. Results. The administration of A. leiocarpus did neither increase the ratio of the polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE) nor the frequency of micronucleated PCE (MNPCE) significantly in the bone marrow cells of the mice, compared to the vehicle control animals. However, a significant increase in the incidence of MNPCE in the bone marrow cell of the cyclophosphamide-treated mice was found. Moreover, in the groups treated with the total extract of A. leiocarpus at different doses plus cyclophosphamide, there was a significant decrease p < 0.0001 in MNPCEs compared to the positive controls, in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion. This first finding reports that the extract of A. leiocarpus was neither genotoxic nor cytotoxic. However, it shows a protective effect against the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide.

DNA damage in bone marrow cells of mouse males in vivo after exposure to the pheromone: Comet assay

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1105-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Daev ◽  
M. V. Petrova ◽  
L. S. Onopa ◽  
V. A. Shubina ◽  
T. S. Glinin
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Marrow Cells

Chromosome aberrations in rat liver cells and bone marrow cells following treatment in vivo with mitomycin C

Mutagenesis ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Rossi ◽  
Lucia Zaccaro ◽  
Filippo Rosselli ◽  
Nicola Loprieno
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Rat Liver Cells ◽  
Marrow Cells

scholarly journals CD34+ human marrow cells that express low levels of Kit protein are enriched for long-term marrow-engrafting cells

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 4136-4142 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Kawashima ◽  
ED Zanjani ◽  
G Almaida-Porada ◽  
AW Flake ◽  
H Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Marrow Cell ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Marrow Cells

Using in utero transplantation into fetal sheep, we examined the capability of human bone marrow CD34+ cells fractionated based on Kit protein expression to provide long-term in vivo engraftment. Twelve hundred to 5,000 CD34+ Kit-, CD34+ Kit(low), and CD34+ Kit(high) cells were injected into a total of 14 preimmune fetal sheep recipients using the amniotic bubble technique. Six fetuses were killed in utero 1.5 months after bone marrow cell transplantation. Two fetuses receiving CD34+ Kit(low) cells showed signs of engraftment according to analysis of CD45+ cells in their bone marrow cells and karyotype studies of the colonies grown in methylcellulose culture. In contrast, two fetuses receiving CD34+ Kit(high) cells and two fetuses receiving CD34+ Kit- cells failed to show evidence of significant engraftment. Two fetuses were absorbed. A total of six fetuses receiving different cell populations were allowed to proceed to term, and the newborn sheep were serially examined for the presence of chimerism. Again, only the two sheep receiving CD34+ Kit(low) cells exhibited signs of engraftment upon serial examination. Earlier in studies of murine hematopoiesis, we have shown stage-specific changes in Kit expression by the progenitors. The studies of human cells reported here are in agreement with observations in mice, and indicate that human hematopoietic stem cells are enriched in the Kit(low) population.

Distribution of sister chromatid exchanges on the mouse chromosomes in vivo with reference to the replication properties of the X chromosome

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
S. M. Singh ◽  
D. L. Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Sister Chromatid ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Sister Chromatid Exchanges ◽  
Chromatid Exchanges ◽  
Marrow Cells

Frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were recorded separately for different chromosomes from bone marrow cells of female mice of the two genetic strains (C3H/S and C57BL/6J). SCEs were evaluated following different doses of 5-bromo-2′deoxyuridine (BrdU) as nine hourly i.p. injections. The SCE per cell increased with increasing BrdU doses which was slightly higher in C3H/S than in the C57BL/6J. SCEs per cell were variable at every treatment – strain combination, possibly reflecting the heterogeneous nature of the bone marrow cells. In general, there is a positive correlation between SCE per chromosome and the relative chromosome length. Total SCEs on one of the large chromosomes (most likely the X chromosome), however, are significantly higher than expected on the basis of relative length alone. Most of this increase is attributable to one of the homologues of this chromosome, which is not in synchrony with the rest of the chromosomes and may represent the late-replicating X. These results when viewed in the light of replication properties of the heterochromatinized X, suggest a direct involvement of DNA replication in SCE formation and may argue against the replication point as the sole site for the SCEs.Key words: sister chromatid exchange, BrdU, recombination, replication, X chromosome.

scholarly journals AML cells are differentially sensitive to chemotherapy treatment in a human xenograft model

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 121 (12) ◽  
pp. e90-e97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Wunderlich ◽  
Benjamin Mizukawa ◽  
Fu-Sheng Chou ◽  
Christina Sexton ◽  
Mahesh Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Induction Therapy ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
Chemotherapy Treatment ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Total Bone Marrow ◽  
Marrow Cells

Key Points A relevant xenograft chemotherapy model was developed by using standard AML induction therapy drugs and primary human AML patient samples. Human AML cells show significantly increased sensitivity to in vivo chemotherapy treatment compared with murine LSK and total bone marrow cells.

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