scholarly journals Intestinal histology of Santa Ines lambs fed bovine or ovine colostrum

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 465-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Machado-Neto ◽  
I.H. Grigolo ◽  
D.B. Moretti ◽  
L. Kindlein ◽  
P. Pauletti
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Bovine Colostrum ◽  
Intestinal Histology ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Basal Nuclei ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Santa Inês

The aim of this study was to investigate histology characteristics in the small intestine of Santa Ines lambs fed bovine or ovine colostrum. At 0 and 6 h of life, 12 newborn lambs received 250 ml of first milking bovine colostrum (BC) and another 12 animals received 250 ml of first milking ovine colostrum (OC). Samples of duodenum, jejunum and ileum were collected at 24 and 72 h of life. Six animals were sampled at birth, without colostrum intake (0 h). The histomorphologic analysis revealed differences between BC and OC groups in the jejunum and ileum segments. BC group had higher amounts of colostrum-filled vacuoles in the intestinal epithelium compared to OC group and the latter group had a higher number of empty vacuoles. However, at 72 h of life both groups revealed the end of the intestinal colostrum absorption. Regardless of the treatment, apical nuclei and vacuoles were mainly observed in the villi of animals at 0 and 24 h of life, and at 72 h the enterocytes had basal nuclei and cytoplasm without the presence of vacuoles. An interaction between treatment and period was observed in villus height and crypt depth in the jejunum (P < 0.05). In this segment, BC group showed the lowest villus height at 24 h of life (710.37 ± 115.79 µm) while OC group had the larger villus height (883.79 ± 207.24 µm) at 24 h than at 0 h of life (791.43 ± 129.19 µm) (P < 0.05). Lambs from BC group showed the deepest crypts at 72 h (157.15 ± 41.81 µm), followed by 24 h (100.08 ± 23.40 µm) and 0 h (84.89 ± 21.10µm), and in OC group the deepest crypts were observed at 0 h (84.89 ± 21.10 µm), without the colostrum ingestion (P < 0.0%). The effects of treatment on the crypt depth were observed in the ileum (P < 0.05), crypts in BC group were deeper than in OC group (92.67 ± 21.47 and 83.12 ± 13.85 µm, respectively). The histological changes related to the ingestion of bovine colostrum did not apparently determine any consequences for enteric physiology. Thus, the results concerning the histologic and histomorphometric aspects confirm a possibility of successfully using bovine colostrum as a substitute for ovine colostrum in newborn lambs.

scholarly journals Intestinal histology of newborn goat kids fed lyophilized bovine colostrum

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 232-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.M. Nordi ◽  
D.B. Moretti ◽  
A.L. Lima ◽  
P. Pauletti ◽  
I. Susin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Bovine Colostrum ◽  
Intestinal Segment ◽  
Intestinal Histology ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Sampling Times

Enteric histology of newborn goat kids fed lyophilized bovine colostrum (LBC) was studied. At 0, 7, and 14 h of life 15 male newborns received 5% of body weight of lyophilized bovine colostrum and 14 male newborns goat colostrum (GC), both with 55 mg/ml of IgG. Samples of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were collected at 18, 36, and 96 h of life for analyses of villus height, crypt depth, muscle layer thickness, partial volume of the absorptive mucosa (Vv), density of the absorptive mucosa (Sv), and quantification of goblet cells. Three animals were sampled without colostrum intake (0 h). The histomorphometry was not different between GC and LBC in all segments. In the jejunum, the villus height differed in sampling times (36 h > 0 h and 18 h). The maximum villus height was observed in the jejunum. In the jejunum, crypt depth differed in the sampling times (96 h > 0 and 18 h). Interaction between intestinal segment and sampling times was observed to crypt depth (duodenum 18 h > jejunum 18 h and duodenum 96 h > ileum 96 h). In the ileum, the muscle layer thickness differed in the sampling times (36 h > 0 and 18 h and 96 h > 0 h). The greatest thickness of muscle layer was observed in the duodenum and at 96 h the muscle layer was thicker than at 18 h. The ileum showed the highest Vv at 36 h. The Vv was the highest in the jejunum and higher at 36 h than at 96 h. In the jejunum, an interaction between the treatment and sampling times to goblet cells number (LBC 18 h < GC 18 h and GC 96 h > LBC 96 h) was observed. The ileum showed the greatest number of goblet cells. The ingestion of lyophilized bovine colostrum did not determine any consequences for enteric histology in the first 4 days of goat kids’ life.  

scholarly journals Effects of dietary supplementation of guanidino acetic acid on growth performance, thigh meat quality and development of small intestine in Partridge-Shank broilers

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (9) ◽  
pp. 1130-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. C. Ren ◽  
J. J. Xuan ◽  
X. C. Yan ◽  
Z. Z. Hu ◽  
F. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth

AbstractThe current experiment aimed at assessing the effects of dietary supplementation of guanidino acetic acid (GAA) on growth performance, thigh meat quality and development of small intestine in broilers. A total of 360 1-day-old female broiler chicks were distributed randomly to four groups of 90 birds each, and each group received GAA dosages of 0, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 g/kg of feed dry matter. During the whole experiment of 60 days, broilers hadad libitumaccess to water and feed and the feed intake was recorded daily. All broilers were weighed before and after the experiment, and 30 broilers of each group were selected randomly to slaughter at the end. Increasing dietary supplementation of GAA increased final live weight and daily body weight gain, gain-to-feed ratio, thigh muscle pH value and fibre diameter of broilers, but decreased daily feed intake, drip loss, cooking loss, shear force value, hardness, gumminess and chewiness of thigh meat. In addition, increasing supplementation of GAA quadratically increased duodenal, jejunal and ileal villus height and width and ratio of villus height to crypt depth, but decreased crypt depth. The results indicated that GAA as a feed additive may support better development of small intestine, thereby resulting in improvement of growth performance and meat quality of broilers.

scholarly journals Maintenance of villus height and crypt depth, and enhancement of disaccharide digestion and monosaccharide absorption, in piglets fed on cows' whole milk after weaning

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Pluske ◽  
Melinda J. Thompson ◽  
Craig S. Atwood ◽  
Peter H. Bird ◽  
Ian H. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Proximal Jejunum ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
And Function

The aims of the present study were (a) to maintain the structure and function of the small intestine of the piglet after weaning, and (b) to compare the capacity in vivo of sucking and weaned piglets to digest oral boluses of lactose and sucrose and absorb their monosaccharide products. Piglets were fed on cows' whole milk ad libitum every 2 h for 5 d after weaning. Physiological doses of lactose plus fructose (treatment LAC + FRU) and sucrose plus galactose (treatment SUC + GAL) were administered on day 27 of lactation and on the fifth day after weaning, after which time piglets were killed. Villus height and crypt depth were maintained (P > 0·05) by feeding cows' milk after weaning. The areas under the curves (AUC) for galactose and glucose, adjusted for live weight and plasma volume, increased (P < 0·05) after weaning. Despite the enhancement of gut function after weaning, the galactose index (Gall: AUC for galactose ingested as lactose divided by the AUC for the same dose of galactose ingested as the monosaccharide) and fructose index (FruI: AUC for fructose ingested as sucrose divide by the AUC for the same dose of fructose ingested as the monosaccharide), which are indices of digestive and absorptive efficiency, both decreased after weaning. This apparent anomaly may be reconciled by increased growth, and hence surface area, of the small intestine between weaning and slaughter such that ‘total’ digestion and absorption most probably increased despite apparent decreases in GalI and FrnI. Positive correlations (P < 0.05) between villus height and Gall are consistent with the maximum activity of lactase occurring more apically along the villus. Significant linear relationships (P < 0·05) were recorded between villus height at the proximal jejunum and adjusted AUC for galactose and glucose following treatment LAC + FRU, and between villus height at the proximal jejunum and adjusted glucose AUC following treatment SUC + GAL. These relationships suggest that maximum digestion and absorption occurs at increasing distances along the crypt:villus axis in the weaned pig.

scholarly journals Dietary Bovine Colostrum Increases Villus Height and Decreases Small Intestine Weight in Early-weaned Pigs

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. King ◽  
P. C. H. Morel ◽  
D. K. Revell ◽  
J. R. Pluske ◽  
M. J. Birtles
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Bovine Colostrum ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Weaned Pigs

Effects of isovalerate supplementation on morphology and functional gene expression of small intestine mucosa in pre- and post-weaned dairy calves

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Liu ◽  
C. Wang ◽  
Y. L Zhang ◽  
C. X. Pei ◽  
S. L Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Peptide Transporter ◽  
Proximal Jejunum ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Intestine Mucosa

AbstractThe present study evaluated the effects of isovalerate supplementation on the development of the small intestinal mucosa in dairy calves. Forty-eight Chinese Holstein bull calves at 15 days of age and 45.1 ± 0.36 kg of body weight were assigned randomly to four groups. The treatments were control, low-isovalerate, moderate-isovalerate and high-isovalerate with 0, 3, 6 and 9 g isovalerate per calf per day, respectively. The study comprised 75 days with a 15-day adaptation period followed by a 60-day sampling period. Calves were weaned at 60 days of age. Six calves were chosen from each treatment at random and slaughtered at 30 and 90 days of age. The small intestine morphology and activities of amylase and trypsin improved significantly with increasing age. No interaction between treatments and age was observed. The small intestine length, mucosa layer thickness, villus height and crypt depth increased linearly with increasing isovalerate supplementation. However, the ratio of villus height to crypt depth was not affected by treatment. Activities of amylase and trypsin increased linearly. The lactase activity increased linearly during the 75-day period and for pre-weaned calves but was unaltered for post-weaned calves. The relative mRNA expressions of growth hormone receptor, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and sodium-glucose co-transporter-1 in the small intestine mucosa increased linearly, and a similar pattern was observed for the expression of peptide transporter-1 in the duodenum and proximal jejunum. The results suggested that small intestine development was promoted by isovalerate in a dose-dependent manner.

scholarly journals Peptidoglycan Recognition Peptide 2 Aggravates Weight Loss in a Murine Model of Chemotherapy-Induced Gastrointestinal Toxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Sophie Bech ◽  
Anders Bathum Nexoe ◽  
Magdalena Dubik ◽  
Jesper Bonnet Moeller ◽  
Grith Lykke Soerensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Gastrointestinal Toxicity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth

Introduction: Chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity (CIGT) is a frequent, severe and dose-limiting side effect. Few treatments have proven effective for CIGT. CIGT is characterized by activation of the nuclear factor kappa B pathway which, leads to upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. The innate immune protein peptidoglycan recognition peptide 2 (PGLYRP2) binds to and hydrolyzes microbial peptidoglycan. Expression of PGLYRP2 is upregulated in the intestine of chemotherapy-treated piglets. In this experimental study, we investigated the role of Pglyrp2 in the development and severity of murine CIGT.Methods:Pglyrp2 wildtype and Pglyrp2 knockout mice received intraperitoneal injections of chemotherapy (Doxorubicin 20 mg/kg) to induce CIGT. Weight was monitored daily, and animals were euthanized after 2 or 7 days. Expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the jejunum was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase-chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Villus height, crypt depth, and histologic inflammation were evaluated on haematoxylin and eosin stained tissue specimens.Results: Chemotherapeutic treatment induced weight loss (p &lt; 0.05), shortening of the small intestine (p &lt; 0.05), elongation of villus height (p &lt; 0.05), increased crypt depth (p &lt; 0.05), and led to elevated mRNA levels of II1β (p &lt; 0.05), II6 (p &lt; 0.05), and Tnf (p &lt; 0.001) at day 2. Protein levels of IL1β, IL6, and TNFα did not change after exposure to chemotherapy. Doxorubicin treated wildtype mice had a more pronounced weight loss compared to knockout mice from day 3 to day 7 (D3-D6: p &lt; 0.05 and D7: p &lt; 0.01). No other phenotypic differences were detected.Conclusion:Pglyrp2 aggravates chemotherapy-induced weight loss but does not induce a specific pattern of inflammation and morphological changes in the small intestine.

scholarly journals The injury of serotonin on intestinal epithelium cell renewal of weaned diarrhoea mice

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Dong ◽  
C. Yang ◽  
Z. Wang ◽  
Z. Qin ◽  
J. Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Cell Renewal ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Epithelium Cell ◽  
Positive Rate

Diarrhoea is a common cause of death in children and weaned animals. Recent research has found that serotonin (5-HT) in the gastrointestinal tract plays an important role in regulating growth and the maintenance of mucosa, which protect against diarrhoea. To determine the influence of 5-HT on intestinal epithelium cell renewal under weaned stress diarrhoea, a weaned-stress diarrhoea mouse model was established with senna infusion (15 mL/Kg) via intragastric administration and stress restraint (SR). Mice with an increase in 5-HT were induced by intraperitoneal injection with citalopram hydrobromide (CH, 10 mg/Kg). The results demonstrated that compared with the control animals, diarrhoea appeared in weaned stress mice and the 5-HT content in the small intestine was significantly increased (P<0.05). Further, the caspase-3 cells and cells undergoing apoptosis in the small intestine were significantly increased, but the VH (villus height), V/C (villus height /crypt depth), and PCNA-positive rate significantly decreased. Compared with the control animals, CH increased the intestinal 5-HT content, caspase-3 cells and cells undergoing apoptosis but decreased the VH and V/C. Compared with both control and weaned stress animals, weaned stress animals that were pre-treated with CH showed higher 5-HT concentrations, positive caspase-3 cells and cells undergoing apoptosis but lower VH, V/C and PCNA-positive rate. In vitro, a low concentration of 5-HT inhibit, IEC-6 cell line apoptosis but a higher concentration of 5-HT promoted it. Therefore, weaned stress diarrhoea mice were accompanied by a 5-HT increase in the small intestine and vice versa, and the increase in 5-HT induced by CH caused diarrhoea. In brief, 5-HT and diarrhoea slowed the intestinal epithelium cell renewal and injured the abortion function and mucosal barrier by decreasing VH, V/C and proliferation and increasing epithelium cell apoptosis.

Interrelationships between gut morphology and faeces consistency in newly weaned piglets

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. M. Vente-Spreeuwenberg ◽  
J. M. A. J. Verdonk ◽  
A. C. Beynen ◽  
M. W. A. Verstegen
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Brush Border Enzyme

AbstractA total of 104 weanling piglets was used to study the interrelationships between faeces consistency and mucosal integrity, as assessed by specific aminopeptidase and isomaltase-sucrase activity, villus height and crypt depth. Piglets were weaned at 26 (s.d. 1·4) days of age, weighing 8·4 (s.d. 0·70) kg. On the day of weaning (day 0), dissection was performed on one group of eight piglets. The remaining piglets were given restricted amounts of diets containing different protein sources. However, during the first 7 days post weaning 72% of the piglets ate on average less than 0·9 of the amount offered and thus actually had ad libitum access to food. On days 3 or 7 post weaning pigs were weighed and euthanased. Diet composition did not effect small intestine integrity and the data were pooled for further analysis. The weight of the stomach, large intestine and pancreas increased with time post weaning (P < 0·001). Small intestine weight decreased from day 0 to 3 and was increased again on day 7, exceeding the pre-weaning value (P < 0·001). Isomaltase-sucrase and aminopeptidase activities were decreased on days 3 and 7 when compared with day 0. Villus height was decreased after weaning, followed by an increase on day 7 post weaning at the proximal small intestine, but by a further decrease at the mid small intestine (P < 0·001). Crypt depth was increased after weaning (P < 0·001). Faeces consistency was scored twice a day on a scale from 0 to 3 with increasing liquid nature. The average percentage of days during which piglets had more-liquid faeces was 26%. During the 1st week post weaning, 73% of the piglets showed a faeces score of 2 during at least 1 day. Villus height was positively correlated with food intake level, brush-border enzyme activity and dry matter content of the chyme. Villus height was negatively correlated with more-liquid faeces. Crypt depth was positively associated with the weight of various parts of the gastro-intestinal tract. It is concluded that this study supports the concept that food intake by weaned piglets determines villus height in the small intestine and brush-border enzyme production which in turn determine the risk of diarrhoea development.

scholarly journals Intestinal morphograhy of broilers fed diets supplemented with perlite

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. GHIASI GHALEHKANDI ◽  
S. HASSANPOUR ◽  
Y. EBRAHIMNEHZAD ◽  
R. BEHESHTI ◽  
N. MAHERI-SIS
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Depth Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intestine Length ◽  
Intestinal Morphometry ◽  
Different Levels

Aim of the study was to investigate effects of different levels of perlite on intestinal morphometry in broilers (Ross 308). A hundred and eighty broiler cockerels were randomly allocated into three experimental groups (3 replications and 20 broilers per pen) and fed experimental diets supplemented with different levels of perlite (0%, 2%, 4%). At 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of the study, 2 broilers were randomly selected from  each replication, slaughtered and various sections of small intestine (1, 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90% of small intestine length) sampled for morphometry characteristics. Villi height, crypts depth and villus height / crypt depth ratio were measured microscopically. According to the results, a significant difference was observed on small intestine morphology post-perlite supplementation in experimental groups compared to control group. Supplementation of diet with perlite (2%) significantly increased average villi height in various sections of small intestine (1, 70 and 90%) in experimental birds on days 28 and 35 (P < 0.05). In addition, similar findings were observed after addition of perlite (4%) on villi height on day 42 (P <0.05). Furthermore, on day 28, average villi height and depth of liberkuhn crypts in small intestine (10%) differed significantly in cockerels fed diets containing 2% perlite in comparison to controls (P < 0.05). These results suggest that supplementation of perlite in broilers’ diet can improve intestinal morphometry.

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