scholarly journals Dietary Bovine Colostrum Increases Villus Height and Decreases Small Intestine Weight in Early-weaned Pigs

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. King ◽  
P. C. H. Morel ◽  
D. K. Revell ◽  
J. R. Pluske ◽  
M. J. Birtles
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Bovine Colostrum ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Weaned Pigs

scholarly journals Intestinal histology of Santa Ines lambs fed bovine or ovine colostrum

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 465-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Machado-Neto ◽  
I.H. Grigolo ◽  
D.B. Moretti ◽  
L. Kindlein ◽  
P. Pauletti
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Bovine Colostrum ◽  
Intestinal Histology ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Basal Nuclei ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Santa Inês

The aim of this study was to investigate histology characteristics in the small intestine of Santa Ines lambs fed bovine or ovine colostrum. At 0 and 6 h of life, 12 newborn lambs received 250 ml of first milking bovine colostrum (BC) and another 12 animals received 250 ml of first milking ovine colostrum (OC). Samples of duodenum, jejunum and ileum were collected at 24 and 72 h of life. Six animals were sampled at birth, without colostrum intake (0 h). The histomorphologic analysis revealed differences between BC and OC groups in the jejunum and ileum segments. BC group had higher amounts of colostrum-filled vacuoles in the intestinal epithelium compared to OC group and the latter group had a higher number of empty vacuoles. However, at 72 h of life both groups revealed the end of the intestinal colostrum absorption. Regardless of the treatment, apical nuclei and vacuoles were mainly observed in the villi of animals at 0 and 24 h of life, and at 72 h the enterocytes had basal nuclei and cytoplasm without the presence of vacuoles. An interaction between treatment and period was observed in villus height and crypt depth in the jejunum (P < 0.05). In this segment, BC group showed the lowest villus height at 24 h of life (710.37 ± 115.79 µm) while OC group had the larger villus height (883.79 ± 207.24 µm) at 24 h than at 0 h of life (791.43 ± 129.19 µm) (P < 0.05). Lambs from BC group showed the deepest crypts at 72 h (157.15 ± 41.81 µm), followed by 24 h (100.08 ± 23.40 µm) and 0 h (84.89 ± 21.10µm), and in OC group the deepest crypts were observed at 0 h (84.89 ± 21.10 µm), without the colostrum ingestion (P < 0.0%). The effects of treatment on the crypt depth were observed in the ileum (P < 0.05), crypts in BC group were deeper than in OC group (92.67 ± 21.47 and 83.12 ± 13.85 µm, respectively). The histological changes related to the ingestion of bovine colostrum did not apparently determine any consequences for enteric physiology. Thus, the results concerning the histologic and histomorphometric aspects confirm a possibility of successfully using bovine colostrum as a substitute for ovine colostrum in newborn lambs.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary tributyrin on intestinal mucosa development, mitochondrial function and AMPK-mTOR pathway in weaned pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunchun Wang ◽  
Shuting Cao ◽  
Zhuojun Shen ◽  
Qihua Hong ◽  
Jie Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2 ◽  
Phosphorylation Level ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions

Abstract Background The objective of this experiment was to investigate the influence of dietary tributyrin on intestinal mucosa development, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function and AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway. Methods Seventy-two pigs were divided into two treatments and received either a basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 750 mg/kg tributyrin. Each treatment has six replicates of six pigs. After 14 days, 6 pigs from each treatment were selected and the jejunal samples were collected. Results Results showed that supplemental tributyrin increased (P < 0.05) villus height and villus height: crypt depth of weaned pigs. Pigs fed tributyrin had greater (P < 0.05) RNA/DNA and protein/DNA ratios than pigs on the control group. The mRNA levels of sodium glucose transport protein-1 and glucose transporter-2 in the jejunum were upregulated (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the tributyrin diet. Dietary tributyrin supplementation lowered (P < 0.05) the malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content in jejunum, enhanced (P < 0.05) the mitochondrial function, as demonstrated by decreased (P < 0.05) reactive oxygen species level and increased (P < 0.05) mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, tributyrin increased (P < 0.05) mitochondrial DNA content and the mRNA abundance of genes related to mitochondrial functions, including peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, mitochondrial transcription factor A, nuclear respiratory factor-1 in the jejunum. Supplementation with tributyrin elevated (P < 0.05) the phosphorylation level of AMPK and inhibited (P < 0.05) the phosphorylation level of mTOR in jejunum compared with the control group. Conclusions These findings suggest that dietary supplementation with tributyrin promotes intestinal mucosa growth, extenuates oxidative stress, improves mitochondrial function and modulates the AMPK-mTOR signal pathway of weaned pigs.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary supplementation of guanidino acetic acid on growth performance, thigh meat quality and development of small intestine in Partridge-Shank broilers

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (9) ◽  
pp. 1130-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. C. Ren ◽  
J. J. Xuan ◽  
X. C. Yan ◽  
Z. Z. Hu ◽  
F. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth

AbstractThe current experiment aimed at assessing the effects of dietary supplementation of guanidino acetic acid (GAA) on growth performance, thigh meat quality and development of small intestine in broilers. A total of 360 1-day-old female broiler chicks were distributed randomly to four groups of 90 birds each, and each group received GAA dosages of 0, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 g/kg of feed dry matter. During the whole experiment of 60 days, broilers hadad libitumaccess to water and feed and the feed intake was recorded daily. All broilers were weighed before and after the experiment, and 30 broilers of each group were selected randomly to slaughter at the end. Increasing dietary supplementation of GAA increased final live weight and daily body weight gain, gain-to-feed ratio, thigh muscle pH value and fibre diameter of broilers, but decreased daily feed intake, drip loss, cooking loss, shear force value, hardness, gumminess and chewiness of thigh meat. In addition, increasing supplementation of GAA quadratically increased duodenal, jejunal and ileal villus height and width and ratio of villus height to crypt depth, but decreased crypt depth. The results indicated that GAA as a feed additive may support better development of small intestine, thereby resulting in improvement of growth performance and meat quality of broilers.

scholarly journals Maintenance of villus height and crypt depth, and enhancement of disaccharide digestion and monosaccharide absorption, in piglets fed on cows' whole milk after weaning

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Pluske ◽  
Melinda J. Thompson ◽  
Craig S. Atwood ◽  
Peter H. Bird ◽  
Ian H. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Proximal Jejunum ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
And Function

The aims of the present study were (a) to maintain the structure and function of the small intestine of the piglet after weaning, and (b) to compare the capacity in vivo of sucking and weaned piglets to digest oral boluses of lactose and sucrose and absorb their monosaccharide products. Piglets were fed on cows' whole milk ad libitum every 2 h for 5 d after weaning. Physiological doses of lactose plus fructose (treatment LAC + FRU) and sucrose plus galactose (treatment SUC + GAL) were administered on day 27 of lactation and on the fifth day after weaning, after which time piglets were killed. Villus height and crypt depth were maintained (P > 0·05) by feeding cows' milk after weaning. The areas under the curves (AUC) for galactose and glucose, adjusted for live weight and plasma volume, increased (P < 0·05) after weaning. Despite the enhancement of gut function after weaning, the galactose index (Gall: AUC for galactose ingested as lactose divided by the AUC for the same dose of galactose ingested as the monosaccharide) and fructose index (FruI: AUC for fructose ingested as sucrose divide by the AUC for the same dose of fructose ingested as the monosaccharide), which are indices of digestive and absorptive efficiency, both decreased after weaning. This apparent anomaly may be reconciled by increased growth, and hence surface area, of the small intestine between weaning and slaughter such that ‘total’ digestion and absorption most probably increased despite apparent decreases in GalI and FrnI. Positive correlations (P < 0.05) between villus height and Gall are consistent with the maximum activity of lactase occurring more apically along the villus. Significant linear relationships (P < 0·05) were recorded between villus height at the proximal jejunum and adjusted AUC for galactose and glucose following treatment LAC + FRU, and between villus height at the proximal jejunum and adjusted glucose AUC following treatment SUC + GAL. These relationships suggest that maximum digestion and absorption occurs at increasing distances along the crypt:villus axis in the weaned pig.

scholarly journals Dietary Arginine Supplementation Affects Microvascular Development in the Small Intestine of Early-Weaned Pigs

2008 ◽  
Vol 138 (7) ◽  
pp. 1304-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenfeng Zhan ◽  
Deyuan Ou ◽  
Xiangshu Piao ◽  
Sung Woo Kim ◽  
Yanhong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Arginine Supplementation

scholarly journals Diosmectite–zinc oxide composite improves intestinal barrier function, modulates expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and tight junction protein in early weaned pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caihong Hu ◽  
Juan Song ◽  
Yali Li ◽  
Zhaoshuang Luan ◽  
Kang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Tight Junction Protein ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Tight Junction Protein Expression ◽  
Junction Protein

The study evaluated whether feeding diosmectite–ZnO composite (DS-ZnO) at 500 mg Zn/kg to early weaned pigs would alleviate the weaning-related intestinal disorders as a substitute for high concentration of ZnO (2250 mg Zn/kg). The pigs weaned at an age of 21 ± 1 d were allotted to four treatments groups as follows: (1) control; (2) DS-ZnO, 500 mg Zn/kg diet; (3) ZnO, 2250 mg Zn/kg diet; and (4) mixture of 2·0 g DS/kg and 500 mg Zn/kg from ZnO (equal amount of DS and ZnO in the DS-ZnO treatment group). The results showed that, compared with the control on days 7 and 14 post-weaning, addition of DS-ZnO at 500 mg Zn/kg improved (P< 0·05) daily gain and feed intake, decreased (P< 0·05) post-weaning scour scores, increased (P< 0·05) jejunal villus height and the ratio of villus height and crypt depth, decreased (P< 0·05) jejunal paracellular permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran 4 kDa and up-regulated (P< 0·05) tight junction protein expression of occludin, claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1 in jejunal mucosa. The mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) on day 7 post-weaning were also decreased (P< 0·05). The piglets fed DS-ZnO at 500 mg Zn/kg did not differ in the above parameters from those fed ZnO at 2250 mg Zn/kg, while they had better performance than those fed the mixture of DS and ZnO. Supplementation with DS-ZnO at 500 mg Zn/kg was effective in alleviating diarrhoea, barrier dysfunction and inflammatory cytokine expression and up-regulating tight junction protein expression.

scholarly journals Effects of Bacillus subtilis on performance, immune system and gut in Salmonella-challenged broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sikandar ◽  
H. Zaneb ◽  
A. Nasir ◽  
M. Adil ◽  
H.M. Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Prophylactic Use

The goal of this study was to compare the effects of Bacillus subtilis and the antibiotic enrofloxacin on growth performance, immune response, intestinal histomorphometry and cecal Salmonella numbers in broilers challenged with S. gallinarum. Salmonella-free chicks (n = 240) were allocated to four groups, comprising six replicates (n = 10) each. Group NN was not infected and received no treatment. Group SN was infected with Salmonella and received no treatment. Group SE was infected with Salmonella and treated with the antibiotic enrofloxacin. Group SP was infected with Salmonella and treated orally with the probiotic B. subtilis. Initially the groups that were infected with Salmonella had reduced growth performance compared with NN. By the fourth week, SE and SP had recovered and weighed as much as or more than NN. The SP group had greater cellular immunity and relative weights of the bursa and thymus than the other groups. SN had the lowest villus height in all the segments of the small intestine and a larger Salmonella population in the ceca. Probiotic supplementation reduced the pathological outcomes more than enrofloxacin. Prophylactic use of B. subtilis-type probiotics had similar effects to the use of antibiotics, alleviated the stress related to infection of S. gallinarum, and improved the growth performance, immune function, and gut mucosal development in broilers. Keywords: growth promoters, immunity, probiotics, poultry villi length

Daily changes in antro-duodenal myoelectric activity in weaned pigs

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Yao ◽  
J. Woliński ◽  
W. Korczyński ◽  
R. Zabielski
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Daily Variation ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Recording System ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Daily Changes

AbstractThe stomach and small intestine manifest a myoelectric activity pattern called the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC), which is controlled by both environmental and intrinsic factors. The daily MMC pattern has been little investigated, therefore the purpose of the present study was to study it, in weaned pigs given food twice a day. A wireless telemetric recording system was used for 24-h electromyography of the antrum and duodenum. The activity of the antrum showed little change if any, whereas the myoelectric activity of the duodenum significantly changed with respect to the time of day and feeding in conscious pigs. Namely, there were more frequent and regular MMC cycles occurring in the duodenum at night as compared with that during daytime. This change was due to the shortening of phase II of the MMC cycles that were registered at night. Phase I of the MMC showed transient variability in relation to feeding with no impact on the day/night differences. Phase III of the duodenal MMC cycle as well as the ‘feeding pattern’ did not change along with the time of day and feeding regime. In conclusion, daily variation in the duodenum may provide different conditions for digestive processes in the day and night.

scholarly journals The effect of lactose and a prototype Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation product on digestibility, nitrogen balance, and intestinal function of weaned pigs1

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 641-654
Author(s):  
Jesus A Acosta ◽  
Nicholas K Gabler ◽  
John F Patience
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Intestinal Function ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Fermentation Product

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effects of lactose (LA) and a prototype Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation product (FP) on growth performance, diet digestibility, nitrogen (N) balance, and intestinal function of weaned pigs. Twenty-eight newly weaned pigs [approximately 21 d of age; initial body weight (BW) = 5.20 ± 0.15 kg] were housed in metabolism crates and assigned to one of four treatments (n = seven pigs per treatment) corresponding to a 2 × 2 factorial design: with (LA+; 15% inclusion) or without (LA−) LA and with (FP+) or without (FP−) the prototype FP (1 g of FP per kilogram of diet; Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA). Feed and water were provided ad libitum. At day 5, pigs were orally given lactulose and mannitol to assess small intestinal permeability. Fecal samples were collected on days 5–9 to determine the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), and N. Total urine output and fecal samples were collected on days 10–13 to determine N retention. On day 15, all pigs were euthanized to collect intestinal lumen and tissue samples. Data were analyzed for the main effects of LA and FP and their interaction using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Lactose improved average daily feed intake (ADFI; P = 0.017), the ATTD of DM (P = 0.014), the ATTD of GE (P = 0.028), and N retention (P = 0.043) and tended to increase the butyric acid concentration in the colon (P = 0.062). The FP tended to increase the digestibility of N (P = 0.090). Neither LA nor the FP affected intestinal barrier function or inflammation markers. The interaction between LA and FP affected intestinal morphology: in the jejunum, pigs fed LA+FP− had increased villus height compared with those fed LA+FP+ and LA−FP−, whereas LA+FP+ was intermediate (interaction P = 0.034). At the terminal ileum, pigs fed LA−FP+ and LA+FP− had increased villus height and villus: crypt compared with those fed LA−FP−, whereas LA+FP+ was intermediate (interaction P = 0.007 and P = 0.007, respectively). In conclusion, the addition of LA brings important nutritional attributes to nursery diets by improving feed intake, digestibility of DM and GE, and the N retention of weaned pigs; however, the functional capacity of LA to improve markers of intestinal function is limited. On the other hand, the FP showed only a mild increase in the digestibility of N but a limited capacity to improve markers of intestinal function.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document