scholarly journals Fertilizer application (P, K, S, Ca and Mg) on pasture in calcareous dehesas: effects on herbage yield, botanical composition and nutritive value

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Santamaría ◽  
S. Rodrigo ◽  
Poblaciones MJ ◽  
L. Olea
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Digestible Protein

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of P, Ca, S, and/or K and/or Mg application at different rates on the botanical composition, herbage yield and its nutritive value in dehesas developed on calcareous soils. In two growing seasons, 2009/10 and 2010/11, five surface-broadcast fertiliser treatments were applied once in autumn. Two grazing periods were simulated by cutting the pasture in mid-spring and late-spring. Treatment K1, with the highest amount of Ca and without K in its composition, provided higher crude protein values in the herbage than controls in 2009/10. When the effect of each nutrient was analysed separately, a strong and highly positive response of Mg application on herbage production was recorded. A surface application of fertilisers containing 25 kg Mg/ha in autumn could increase herbage yield by 40% under the studied conditions. However, Mg was not applied alone, and thus this increase could be due to an effect of Mg by itself or to a synergistic effect between Mg and other nutrients applied. The application of Ca, P and Mg may also favour the production of high-quality forage by yielding a greater cover of legumes and digestible protein.

Seasonal changes in forage nutritive value of common weeds encountered in Missouri pastures

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-171
Author(s):  
Gatlin Bunton ◽  
Zach Trower ◽  
Craig Roberts ◽  
Kevin W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Growing Seasons

AbstractDuring the 2015, 2016, and 2017 growing seasons, weed and weed-free mixed tall fescue and legume forage samples were harvested from 29 pastures throughout Missouri for investigation of the nutritive value of 20 common pasture weed species throughout the season. At certain times during the growing season, many broadleaf weed species had greater nutritive values for a given quality parameter as compared with the available weed-free, mixed tall fescue and legume forage harvested from the same location. There were no significant differences in crude protein concentration between the weed-free forage and many weeds throughout the growing season. However, crude protein content of common burdock, common cocklebur, common ragweed, dandelion, horsenettle, and lanceleaf ragweed was greater than that of the corresponding forage sample at multiple collection periods. The digestible neutral detergent fiber (dNDF) content of all broadleaf weeds except lanceleaf ragweed was significantly lower than that of the weed-free forage at all collection periods. Conversely, large crabgrass had significantly greater digestible neutral detergent fiber levels than did the mixed tall fescue forage at all sampling dates. Dandelion and spiny amaranth had greater in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) content than did the forage for the entire growing season. Three perennial weeds—horsenettle, vervains, and late boneset—did not differ in IVTD levels as compared with the mixed tall fescue and legume forage at any collection date. For most summer annual weeds, the trend was toward greater digestibility earlier in the season, with a gradual decline and often lower IVTD by the late summer or early fall. The results of this study will enable producers to make more informed management decisions about the potential benefit or detriment a weed may provide to the overall nutritive value of the pasture system.

Plant and animal responses of elephant grass pasture-based systems mixed with pinto peanut

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
A. C. Vieira ◽  
C. J. Olivo ◽  
C. B. Adams ◽  
J. C. Sauthier ◽  
L. R. Proença ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
High Density ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Grazing Systems

AbstractThe effects of growing pinto peanut mixed with elephant grass-based pastures are still little known. The aim of the current research was to evaluate the performance of herbage yield, nutritive value of forage and animal responses to levels of pinto peanut forage mass mixed with elephant grass in low-input systems. Three grazing systems were evaluated: (i) elephant grass-based (control); (ii) pinto peanut, low-density forage yield (63 g/kg of dry matter – DM) + elephant grass; and (iii) pinto peanut, high-density dry matter forage yield (206 g/kg DM) + elephant grass. The experimental design was completely randomized with the three treatments (grazing systems) and three replicates (paddocks) in split-plot grazing cycles. Forage samples were collected to evaluate the pasture and animal responses. Leaf blades of elephant grass and the other companion grasses of pinto peanut were collected to analyse the crude protein, in vitro digestible organic matter and total digestible nutrients. The pinto peanut, high-density dry matter forage yield + elephant grass treatment was found to give the best results in terms of herbage yield, forage intake and stocking rate, as well as having higher crude protein contents for both elephant grass and the other grasses, followed by pinto peanut with low-density forage yield + elephant grass and finally elephant grass alone. Better results were found with the grass–legume system for pasture and animal responses.

The nutritive value of Panicum maximum (Guinea grass): I. Yields and chemical composition related to season and herbage growth stage

1967 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Johnson ◽  
W. A. Hardison ◽  
L. S. Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Guinea Grass

The results of more than fifty estimates1 of herbage yield and ninety-seven analyses of chemical composition are presented in the first of several reports on nutritive evaluation studies of Panicum maximum (guinea grass). Effects of stage of maturity and season are discussed.Herbage yield increased at an increasing rate with maturity, and was depressed by about 40 % in the dry season compared to the wet season. The most significant differences in chemical composition were a decrease in crude protein from 9·8 % to 6·6% and a corresponding increase in crude fibre from 32·1 % to 39·4% as the grass matured from about 2½ weeks to about 2½ months in age. An increased level of nitrogen fertilization resulted in crude protein content being nearly doubled and crude fibre somewhat reduced.

scholarly journals A Nutritional Comparison Study of Three Oaks Species Grown in Gara Mountains

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Khalid Ismail Saleem ◽  
Khaleda Haji Abdullah ◽  
Karvan Faraj Saadallah ◽  
Hilbin Ibrahim Abdullah ◽  
Rand Omar Khalo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Quercus Species

The preferred livelihood assets for meat and nutritious milk in thousands villages of Kurdistan rejoin/Iraq are sheep and goats. They generally rely on free roaming in rangeland during the growing seasons. In order to maintain their livestock during the scarcity of forages at winter seasons, the leaves and twigs of (Quercus aegilops, Q. infectoria and Q. libani) are harvested and dried as (dry leaf faggots) at autumn season to use as major substitute of feed. This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional values of those three oaks species’ leaves at the same time of collecting period. Gara Mountains were chosen due to the wide presence of all three species. Leaves samples were collected at late September 2015 at elevation about 1250 MASL. The results have shown differences in chemical composition. Q. libani recorded higher content of dry matter (DM), ash and crude protein (CP), and lower content of crud fiber (CF). Higher content of ether extract (EE) was recorded in both Q. aegilops and Q. libani. The higher content of nitrogen free extract (NFE) and potassium (K) were recorded in Q. infectoria. While Q. aegilops recorded higher (CF) content. All Quercus species can be used as alternative feed substitute for small ruminant especially with some additives (such as salt, vitamin, and water), but more nutritive value was Q. libani then Q. infectoria followed by Q. aegilops. Therefore, the priority should be for Q. libani in foremost followed by Q. infectoria when dry leaves faggot were made.

scholarly journals Response of simple grass-white clover and multi-species pastures to gibberellic acid or nitrogen fertiliser in autumn

2013 ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H. Van Rossum ◽  
R.H. Bryant ◽  
G.R. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser

Herbage dry matter (DM) production, botanical composition and nutritive value of pastures were measured in response to the application of 24 g/ ha gibberellic acid (GA; 60 g ProGibb®/ha) and 50 kg N/ha nitrogen fertiliser (N; 106 kg urea/ha) in autumn. Responses were compared for simple two species grass (perennial ryegrass or tall fescue)-white clover pastures and multi-species pastures where herbs (chicory and plantain), legumes (red clover and lucerne) and prairie grass were sown with the simple mixtures. Four weeks after application, the increase in DM yield averaged across pasture mixtures relative to untreated plots was 273, 104, and 493 kg DM/ha for GA alone, N fertiliser alone, and GA and N combined, respectively. Application of GA increased the white clover percentage in all pastures except simple tall fescue pastures. The percentage of herbs in multispecies pastures was increased by application of N but not GA. Crude protein concentration was decreased by GA application in all pastures except simple ryegrass pastures. The results from this study show that it is important to consider the botanical composition of pastures when determining the effect of GA on DM yield and nutritive value. Keywords: crude protein, Cichorium intybus, Festuca arundinacea, gibberellins, Lolium perenne, Plantago lanceolata, nutritive value

Cultivation of Sudan grass mixed with Australian winter pea in Cisbaikalia

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
В.А. Агафонов ◽  
Б.Е. Викторович
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Feed Unit

В статье представлены научные исследования, проведённые в условиях лесостепной зоны Прибайкалья, по изучению суданково-пелюшковых травостоев с целью определения наиболее высокой продуктивности, кормового достоинства и питательной ценности агроценозов. Исследования проводились на опытном поле Иркутского НИИСХ в 2018–2020 годах. В опыте изучались суданская трава в одновидовом посеве и её смеси с горохом полевым (пелюшкой) в разных соотношениях компонентов при скашивании травостоя в разные фазы вегетации растений. Установлено, что на продуктивность и качественные показатели агроценозов непосредственное влияние оказывали нормы высева компонентов и фазы вегетации растений непосредственно перед уборкой. Самые высокие показатели продуктивности в первом и втором укосах получены в варианте суданская трава 70% + пелюшка 50%. Данный вариант при позднем сроке уборки обеспечил сбор кормопротеиновых единиц и обменной энергии 5,3 т/га и 36,3 ГДж/га соответственно, что на 60,6 и 31,5% выше, чем при раннем сроке. За 3 года изучения смешанных посевов были определены оптимальные сроки скашивания травостоя, влияющие на качественные показатели зелёной массы. Наиболее высокое содержание переваримого протеина в 1 корм. ед. (144,2 г) получено при посеве суданской травы с пелюшкой с нормой высева компонентов 70:60% и первом сроке скашивания травостоя. Однако данный посев при первом сроке уборки по обеспеченности кормопротеиновыми единицами — важному показателю кормового достоинства — на 36,8% был ниже, чем при втором сроке скашивания. Питательная ценность зелёной массы определялась такими показателями, как сырой протеин, сырая клетчатка, сырая зола, сахар, энергия. Высокая обеспеченность корма по данным показателям получена в смеси суданской травы с пелюшкой при соотношении всхожих семян 70:60% в поздние фазы развития растений — соответственно 46,4, 70,4, 13,7, 17,4 г и 2,91 МДж. This article reports on ecosystems of Sudan grass and Australian winter pea in the forest-steppe of Cisbaikalia. The aim was to test their productivity, forage quality and nutritional value. The investigation took place at the Irkutsk Research Institute of Agriculture in 2018–2020. The experimental variants were Sudan grass monoculture and its mixtures with Australian winter pea of various ratios. Cutting occurred at different growing stages. Seeding rate and cutting time affected plant productivity and quality. Seeding 70% of Sudan grass with 50% of Australian winter pea resulted in high quality mass in the first and second cuts. This mixture yielded 5.3 t ha-1 and 36.3 GJ ha-1 of feed and protein units in the second cut exceeding the first one by 60.6 and 31.5%, respectively. Optimal cutting time was determined. Plant ratio of 70:60% (Sudan grass:Australian winter pea) provided the highest quantity of digestible protein in 1 feed unit (144.2 g) in the first cut. However, this mixture yielded 36.8% less feed and protein units in the first cut. Nutritional value was determined according to crude protein, crude fiber, crude ash, sugar and energy contents. These parameters amounted to 46.4, 70.4, 13.7, 17.4 g and 2.91 MJ, respectively, in the variant of Sudan grass-Australian winter pea (70:60%) in the second cut.

Improving forage nutritive value and botanical composition in a natural grassland using different grazing methods and herbage allowances

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jochims ◽  
C. H. E. C. Poli ◽  
E. M. Soares ◽  
P. C. F. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Preferred Species ◽  
Natural Grassland

The present study aimed to define the most appropriate management for a natural grassland during winter so as to improve its botanical composition and forage nutritive value during the subsequent spring. The experiment was conducted in an 8.4-ha Pampa biome natural-grassland area and divided into 12 0.7-ha paddocks for 196 days. During the first 84 days (winter), two grazing methods (GM), namely continuous (CS) and rotational grazing (RS), and two herbage allowances (HA), namely 12 and 18 kg DM/100 kg bodyweight, were imposed on the ewes in early pregnancy, which resulted in the following four treatments: C18, C12, R18 and R12. From Day 85 onward (final third of pregnancy), all paddocks were managed with C18 so as to avoid intake restrictions. The sward was characterised by herbage mass (HM), green leaf mass (GLM), stem mass, senescent material, legume mass, forage growth (FG), canopy height, canopy density and weeds mass (other than grass and not preferred species). The qualitative characteristics were shown as neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), lignin, crude protein (CP) content and ingested crude protein. Although GLM was higher when RS was applied, HM did not differ between GM and HA when management factors were applied during winter. In spring, increased HM was observed in paddocks managed with 18% HA. Weeds mass presented GM × HA interaction, with the lowest participation in Treatment C12. The NDF and ADF levels differed between HA, in addition to being higher in 12% HA and during winter periods. In spring, the lowest NDF levels were found in paddocks under 12% HA and ADF changed only along the periods. The GM and HA applied during winter did not change the lignin content. The CP in winter differed only over the periods. Treatment C12 was applied in the winter and resulted in 8.1% more CP than did C18, R12 and R18 in the spring. There was a GM × HA × Period interaction in ingested CP, revealing that the treatments during winter influenced the quality of the ingested herbage during spring. Ewes in C12 ingested herbage with more CP than did the animals in the other treatments. Variations in grazing methods combined with HA during winter influenced the chemical and structural characteristics of the sward. High stocking rate with continuous stocking presented better chemical characteristics than did the other treatments and the use of high stocking rate in continuous grazing may have an important effect on spring pasture quality due to changes in sward structural characteristics.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF STAGE OF MATURITY ON THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF KOCHIA

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1111-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. KNIPFEL ◽  
J. A. KERNAN ◽  
E. C. COXWORTH ◽  
R. D. H. COHEN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Digestible Protein

A trial was conducted to determine the nutritive value for sheep of kochia (Kochia scoparia L. Schrad) grown on saline soil and harvested at the early seed stage and the full bloom stage of maturity. There was a significant decrease in digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) and digestible crude protein intake (DCPI) with increasing kochia maturity (31.6 vs. 23.2 g DOMI kg−0.75 (SE = 0.6; P < 0.05) and 4.22 vs. 1.41 g DCPI kg−0.75 (SE < 0.001; P < 0.05)). Early cut kochia appears to be at least equivalent in digestible energy to alfalfa, but lower in digestible protein. Key words: Kochia, maturity, nutritive value, sheep

Studies on the Northern Rhodesia Hyparrhenia Veld:IV. The effects of nitrigen fertilizer and defoliation

1964 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
N Fertilizers ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
One Year

Plot trials measured the effect of fertilizers and defoliation on Hyparrhenia veld.N was the only nutrient limiting growth, and N fertilizer markedly increased the herbage yield and crude protein %. The herbage response was linear up to the highest rate used, 189 lb. N/acre, with a calculated N recovery of approximately 35%. Split fertilizer applications were only advantageous in one year out of three. The effect of N fertilizer steadily decreased at successive harvests after application, and the residual effect in a following season was transient. N fertilizers did not alter the botanical composition of the veld.

Nutritive value of herbage from mountain hay meadow managed under traditional and intensive harvest systems as affected by nitrogen fertilisation and time of cutting

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Bochi-Brum ◽  
R. García ◽  
R. Bodas ◽  
A. Calleja ◽  
S. Andrés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Hay Meadows ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Mountain Meadows ◽  
Grass Growth

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of harvest season and nitrogen (N) fertilisation on chemical composition and digestibility of the herbage harvested from a mountain meadow (of the vegetation type Arrhenatheretalia). Four rates of N fertiliser (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N/ha per year in a single spring application of calcium ammonium nitrate) were compared in field-replicated plots. The experiment lasted 7 years. During the first 3 years each plot was harvested twice per year (June and September) according to a traditional harvest system, whereas in the last 3 years (after a transitional year) each plot was harvested three times per year (spring, summer and autumn) following a more intensive harvest system. In both harvest systems, herbage collected in the first cut (early or late June) had higher fibre contents and lower digestibility (P < 0.001) than herbage collected in the regrowth. N fertiliser increased significantly (P < 0.001) the annual yield of herbage in the 2-harvest system, but did not affect (P > 0.10) herbage yield in the 3-cuts system. N fertiliser changed the botanical composition of herbage and promoted grass growth, resulting in increased (P < 0.05) fibre content and decreased (P < 0.05) digestibility and rate of degradation of herbage, these effects being variable in the different harvest seasons. Our results suggest that the more intensive management system without N fertilisation could be considered a suitable practice for the management of these botanically complex mountain meadows. These results may contribute to design fertilisation and management practices of mountain hay meadows to optimise their productivity and sustainability.

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