Improving forage nutritive value and botanical composition in a natural grassland using different grazing methods and herbage allowances

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jochims ◽  
C. H. E. C. Poli ◽  
E. M. Soares ◽  
P. C. F. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Preferred Species ◽  
Natural Grassland

The present study aimed to define the most appropriate management for a natural grassland during winter so as to improve its botanical composition and forage nutritive value during the subsequent spring. The experiment was conducted in an 8.4-ha Pampa biome natural-grassland area and divided into 12 0.7-ha paddocks for 196 days. During the first 84 days (winter), two grazing methods (GM), namely continuous (CS) and rotational grazing (RS), and two herbage allowances (HA), namely 12 and 18 kg DM/100 kg bodyweight, were imposed on the ewes in early pregnancy, which resulted in the following four treatments: C18, C12, R18 and R12. From Day 85 onward (final third of pregnancy), all paddocks were managed with C18 so as to avoid intake restrictions. The sward was characterised by herbage mass (HM), green leaf mass (GLM), stem mass, senescent material, legume mass, forage growth (FG), canopy height, canopy density and weeds mass (other than grass and not preferred species). The qualitative characteristics were shown as neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), lignin, crude protein (CP) content and ingested crude protein. Although GLM was higher when RS was applied, HM did not differ between GM and HA when management factors were applied during winter. In spring, increased HM was observed in paddocks managed with 18% HA. Weeds mass presented GM × HA interaction, with the lowest participation in Treatment C12. The NDF and ADF levels differed between HA, in addition to being higher in 12% HA and during winter periods. In spring, the lowest NDF levels were found in paddocks under 12% HA and ADF changed only along the periods. The GM and HA applied during winter did not change the lignin content. The CP in winter differed only over the periods. Treatment C12 was applied in the winter and resulted in 8.1% more CP than did C18, R12 and R18 in the spring. There was a GM × HA × Period interaction in ingested CP, revealing that the treatments during winter influenced the quality of the ingested herbage during spring. Ewes in C12 ingested herbage with more CP than did the animals in the other treatments. Variations in grazing methods combined with HA during winter influenced the chemical and structural characteristics of the sward. High stocking rate with continuous stocking presented better chemical characteristics than did the other treatments and the use of high stocking rate in continuous grazing may have an important effect on spring pasture quality due to changes in sward structural characteristics.

AN EVALUATION OF ALTAI WILD RYE, ELYMUS ANGUSTUS TRIN., AS A FORAGE CROP

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lawrence ◽  
D. H. Heinrichs ◽  
R. B. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Russian Wild Rye ◽  
Better Than

A study was conducted with Altai wild rye (Elymus angustus Trin.), Russian wild rye (Elymus junceus), crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum), and intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium) on their relative merits as forage crops in the arid climate of Saskatchewan. The data show that Altai wild rye produced as much forage as Russian wild rye but less than crested wheatgrass and intermediate wheatgrass. However, it appeared to be less competitive with alfalfa than the other grasses in the test. The nutritive value of Altai wild rye was as good as or better than that of the other grasses; it excelled all of them in crude protein content throughout the season and contained about the same amount of fibre and fat at most stages of development; its ash content was higher than that of the other three grasses in 1954, a wet year, but only higher than the two wheatgrasses in 1957, a very dry year. Comparisons regarding palatability and digestibility suggest that Altai wild rye equals the better grasses in this respect. The study also indicates that nutritive value of grasses throughout the growing season varies much more in wet years when normal plant development occurs, than in dry years when growth is slow and sporadic.

Plant and animal responses of elephant grass pasture-based systems mixed with pinto peanut

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
A. C. Vieira ◽  
C. J. Olivo ◽  
C. B. Adams ◽  
J. C. Sauthier ◽  
L. R. Proença ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
High Density ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Grazing Systems

AbstractThe effects of growing pinto peanut mixed with elephant grass-based pastures are still little known. The aim of the current research was to evaluate the performance of herbage yield, nutritive value of forage and animal responses to levels of pinto peanut forage mass mixed with elephant grass in low-input systems. Three grazing systems were evaluated: (i) elephant grass-based (control); (ii) pinto peanut, low-density forage yield (63 g/kg of dry matter – DM) + elephant grass; and (iii) pinto peanut, high-density dry matter forage yield (206 g/kg DM) + elephant grass. The experimental design was completely randomized with the three treatments (grazing systems) and three replicates (paddocks) in split-plot grazing cycles. Forage samples were collected to evaluate the pasture and animal responses. Leaf blades of elephant grass and the other companion grasses of pinto peanut were collected to analyse the crude protein, in vitro digestible organic matter and total digestible nutrients. The pinto peanut, high-density dry matter forage yield + elephant grass treatment was found to give the best results in terms of herbage yield, forage intake and stocking rate, as well as having higher crude protein contents for both elephant grass and the other grasses, followed by pinto peanut with low-density forage yield + elephant grass and finally elephant grass alone. Better results were found with the grass–legume system for pasture and animal responses.

The cellulose-lignin complex in forages and its relationship to forage nutritive value

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Allinson ◽  
D. F. Osbourn
Keyword(s):  
Growth Phase ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Difference Spectra ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Lignin Fraction ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Cellulose Digestibility

SUMMARYThe relationships between the cellulose-lignin complex, voluntary consumption and dry-matter digestibility were examined using forages of two varieties of Italian ryegrass and two legumes, lucerne and sainfoin. These forages had previously been shown to exhibit different intake-digestibility relationships. The cellulose, acid detergent lignin and acid detergent fibre contents of these forages as well as their digestibility coefficients were determined. Lignins were extracted from the fibre fractions and their ultraviolet difference spectra determined.Changes in maturity of a forage during a single growth phase, produced changes in dry-matter digestibility which were closely associated with changes in the digestibility of the cellulose and inversely related to the lignin content of the forage. Differences in digestibility between varieties of forage were less closely associated with lignin content. As the grasses matured a lignin fraction forming a difference peak at 350 mμ became evident and this was associated with decreased cellulose digestibility.Differences in voluntary food consumption resulting from changes in maturity of a single forage variety, in one growth phase, were also closely correlated with both dry matter and cellulose digestibility and inversely with lignin content. Differences between varieties and growth phases of the ryegrasses and between grasses and legumes were related less to the nature of the cellulose-lignin complex and more closely to the percentage of the total digesta deriving from cellulose.Sainfoin was characterized by the formation post-ruminally of an artifact that analysed quantitatively as lignin and qualitatively resembled a non-conjugated phenolic lignin fraction. The production of this artifact apparently disturbed fibre digestibility estimates and may have affected dry-matter digestibility estimates. Degradation of lignin apparently occurred both in the rumen and in the hind gut.

scholarly journals Quantifying the interactions between defoliation interval, defoliation intensity and nitrogen fertiliser application on the nutritive value of rainfed and irrigated perennial ryegrass

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Pembleton ◽  
R. P. Rawnsley ◽  
L. R. Turner ◽  
R. Corkrey ◽  
D. J. Donaghy
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Fertiliser Application

A key goal of temperate pasture management is to optimise nutritive value and production. The influence of individual components such as irrigation, nitrogen (N) fertiliser, and grazing interval and intensity has been well researched, yet conjecture remains regarding practices that optimise pasture nutritive value, largely because interactions between inputs and grazing management have not been quantified. A 2-year, split-split-plot experiment was undertaken to investigate these interactions in a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) dominant pasture at Elliott, Tasmania. Irrigation treatments (rainfed or irrigated) were main plots and defoliation intervals (leaf regrowth stage: 1-, 2- or 3-leaf) were subplots. Defoliation intensity (defoliation height: 30, 55 or 80 mm) and N fertiliser (0, 1.5 or 3.0 kg N/ha.day) were crossed within sub-subplots. Herbage samples were collected from each plot four times during the experiment and analysed for concentrations (% dry matter, DM) of neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and crude protein (CP). Metabolisable energy (ME) concentration (MJ/kg DM) was estimated from these values. ME concentration decreased as defoliation height and interval increased for all time points except during winter. Crude protein concentration increased with increasing N fertiliser applications in the plots defoliated at the 1-leaf stage, but only as N applications increased from 1.5 to 3.0 kg N/ha.day for the plots defoliated at the 2- and 3-leaf stages. As N application rates increased from 0 to 1.5 kg N/ha.day, plots defoliated at the 3-leaf stage had greater increases in NDF concentration than plots defoliated at the 1-leaf stage, except during spring. As defoliation height and interval increased, ADF concentration increased in both spring and summer. Although defoliating at frequent intervals (1-leaf stage) and lower heights (30 mm) produced pasture of marginally higher nutritional value, these benefits are mitigated by the previously established, negative consequences of lower pasture yield and poor pasture persistence. Consequently, grazing management that maximises pasture productivity and persistence (i.e. defoliation between the 2- and 3-leaf regrowth stages to a height of 55 mm) should be applied to perennial ryegrass pastures irrespective of input management.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE USE OF FOUR PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS BY WEST AFRICAN DWARF (WAD) SHEEP.

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
A. A. TAIWO ◽  
E. A. ADEBOWALE ◽  
A. O. AKINSOYINU ◽  
J. F. D. GREENHALGH
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

Feedblocks, poultry manure diet, gliricidia: leucaena mixture (1:1 W/W) and maize offal diet were compared as sources of protein supplements for WAD sheep fed a basal diet of elephant grass hay (Pennisetum purpureum), through a 12-week performance and digestibility study. Dry matter and organic matter intakes (DMI, OMI) of the sheep were higher (P0.05) on the gliricidia: leucaena supplement than on the other diets. DMI on poultry manure and maize offal diets were not significant (P0.05). Organic matter intake (OMI) of the animals followed the same trend as DMI. Sheep fed legume supplements excelled in intakes of crude protein (CP), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and digestibilities of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (P>0.05). Intakes of CP and ADF by sheep on the other supplements were not significantly different (P>0.05). Sheep fed on feedblock supplement consumed the least amount. (P0.05) of NDF. Variations were observed in DM,OM, and NDF digestibilities by sheep on maize offal, poultry manure and legumes supplements. Crude protein digestibility in the legumes and feedblocks supplements was higher (P0.05) than with the other two supplements. All the sheep used gained weights but those on maize offa' diet recorded higher (P0.05). weight gain (86.57g) than those on browse leaves (59.40g), feedblocks (47.80g) and poultry manure (40.44g). Rumen pH was lower (P<0.05) on the gliricidia: leucaena supplement than on other diets. Total VFA recorded for sheep on maize offal diet and legumes supplements was higher (P<0.05) than for the other two supplements. Blood urea nitrogen of the supplements were not significantly different (P>0.05) 

scholarly journals Response of simple grass-white clover and multi-species pastures to gibberellic acid or nitrogen fertiliser in autumn

2013 ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H. Van Rossum ◽  
R.H. Bryant ◽  
G.R. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser

Herbage dry matter (DM) production, botanical composition and nutritive value of pastures were measured in response to the application of 24 g/ ha gibberellic acid (GA; 60 g ProGibb®/ha) and 50 kg N/ha nitrogen fertiliser (N; 106 kg urea/ha) in autumn. Responses were compared for simple two species grass (perennial ryegrass or tall fescue)-white clover pastures and multi-species pastures where herbs (chicory and plantain), legumes (red clover and lucerne) and prairie grass were sown with the simple mixtures. Four weeks after application, the increase in DM yield averaged across pasture mixtures relative to untreated plots was 273, 104, and 493 kg DM/ha for GA alone, N fertiliser alone, and GA and N combined, respectively. Application of GA increased the white clover percentage in all pastures except simple tall fescue pastures. The percentage of herbs in multispecies pastures was increased by application of N but not GA. Crude protein concentration was decreased by GA application in all pastures except simple ryegrass pastures. The results from this study show that it is important to consider the botanical composition of pastures when determining the effect of GA on DM yield and nutritive value. Keywords: crude protein, Cichorium intybus, Festuca arundinacea, gibberellins, Lolium perenne, Plantago lanceolata, nutritive value

Effect of processing of palm oil petiole on palatability in Bali cows (Bos sondaecus)

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 93-93
Author(s):  
M Afdal ◽  
S Syarif ◽  
A Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

Palm oil petiole (POP) is a pruning by-product from palm oil plantations. POP is the stalk of the palm oil frond (POF) without the leaflets and the outer layer. By weight, it contributed about 30 percent of POF. POP was a possible alternative for POF in feeding Bali cows (Bos sondaecus) since Bali cows we observed to reject fresh POF. Central Bureau of Indonesian Statistics (2006) reported that the production of POF was around 10,869,365 t from around 3,682,900 ha of palm oil plantation in Indonesia which is equivalent to 3,260,810 t of POP. POF are successfully used as feed for Bos taurus and Bos indicus and there are a lot of studies being done, especially in Malaysia. Alimon and Hair Bejo (1995) reported that the chemical composition of POF is 47, 385, 787, 556 g kg-1 and 5.65 MJ kg-1 for crude protein (CP), crude fibre, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and metabolisable energy respectively. However, there is no information on the nutritive value of POP and its palatability in Bali cows. The aims of this study were to evaluate the nutritive value of POP, and palatability of POP types by Bali cows when processed in several forms.

scholarly journals Comparative study of the nutritive values of the different varieties of rice straw

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
MR Alam ◽  
MR Amin ◽  
NG Das
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
P Content ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Key Words Rice

Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 75-82 This study was conducted to investigate the nutritional quality. The Dry matter (DM), Organic matter (OM), Crude protein (CP), Acid detergent fibre (ADF), Neutral detergent fibre (NDF), lignin, Ca and P contents of Pajam, Nijershail, Kablabadam, BR 11, BINA 5 and BRRI 29 varieties of rice straw varied from 92.21 to 93.05%, 81.21 to 86.24%, 3.49 to 5.10%, 41.38 to 46.32%, 72.16 to 77.57%, 4.3 to 6.97%, 0.10 to 0.245% and 0.046 to 0.146%, respectively. The OM content in Nijershail was significantly higher (P<0.01) than Kablabadam, BR 11, BRRI 29, Pajam and BINA 5, respectively. The variety BRRI 29 contained significantly higher (P<0.01) CP content (5.1%) than BINA 5, BR 11, Pajam, Nijershail and Kablabadam, respectively. Significantly (P<0.01) higher NDF content was found in BR 11 (77.57%) followed by Kablabadam, Nijershail, Pajam, BRRI 29 and BINA 5, respectively. Acid deter gut Fibre (ADF) content was significantly (P<0.05) higher in Nijershail (46.32%) than Kablabadam, BR 11, BINA 5, Pajam and BRRI 29, respectively. Significantly (P<0.01) higher lignin content was found in BRRI 29 (6.97%) compared to Kablabadam, BINA 5, Pajam, Nijershail and BR 11, respectively. The Ca content in Pajam and BR 11 was significantly (P<0.01) higher (0.245%) than Nijershail, BRRI 29, Kablabadam and BINA 5, respectively. BRRI 29 contained significantly (P<0.01) higher P content (0.146%) compared to BINA 5, Pajam, Nijershail, Kablabadam and BR 11, respectively. Organic Matter (OM) digestibility, and ME content in BRRI 29 was significantly (P<0.01) higher followed Nijershail, BINA 5, Pajam, Kablabadam and BR 11, respectively. Straw of BRRI 29 is expected to provide more nutrients, digestible organic nutrients and metabolizable energy to ruminants. Key words: Rice straw; Chemical composition; Energy content; Digestibility DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9679 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 75-82

CONTRIBUTION AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF THE MAJOR PLANT COMPONENTS OF OATS THROUGH PROGRESSIVE STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. KILCHER ◽  
J. E. TROELSEN
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Dough Stage ◽  
Stem Lignin ◽  
Plant Components

Two oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars, Harmon and Sioux, and an unlicensed cultivar of Avena orientalis L., referred to as "Yorkton," were harvested at the early leaf, before boot, boot, headed, early bloom, late bloom, milk, dough, and ripe stages. Yorkton gave smaller yields than the other two cultivars at all stages after heading, but was slightly more leafy. Percent leaves by weight for all cultivars varied from near 90% in first cut to about 14% when ripe. Crude protein of leaves declined from 30 to 6% over the nine cuttings whereas that of stems went from 24 to 5%. Leaf lignin increased from 35 to 50% through the whole range of growth whereas stem lignin increased more rapidly from 45 to 70% in a shorter period of time. Leaves had 20% more energy than did stems. They were also 10% more digestible as determined by in vitro digestible organic matter. As whole plant feed there was no advantage in delaying harvest beyond the milk to soft dough stage.

Effects of superphosphate fertiliser and stocking rate on the nutritive value of perennial ryegrass and subterranean clover herbage

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Saul ◽  
G. A. Kearney ◽  
P. C. Flinn ◽  
C. L. Lescun
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Infertile Soils

The effect of superphosphate fertiliser on digestible dry matter (DDM) and crude protein (CP) percentages of perennial ryegrass and subterranean clover was assessed on a long-term, grazed experiment in western Victoria. CP of both species increased significantly (3–6 units) where long-term average phosphorus (P) applications were 33 kg/ha.year compared with 1 kg/ha.year. CP of herbage was also greater on paddocks grazed at higher (9–23 ewes/ha) than lower (5–13 ewes/ha) stocking rates (1–3 units). DDM of subterranean clover significantly increased (8–10 units) with higher superphosphate applications but there was little effect on the DDM of perennial ryegrass. Long-term applications of superphosphate were associated with larger increases in both DDM and CP than if the same rate was applied in autumn of the year of measurement. For subterranean clover, 30 kg/ha of P applied to infertile soils (Olsen P 5 mg/kg) in autumn increased the DDM of herbage collected in September by only 4–6 units. The nutritive value of most volunteer pasture species also increased with higher superphosphate applications but the DDM of these species was usually inferior to perennial ryegrass. The results highlight the importance of monitoring nutritive value, pasture composition, and herbage production to quantify fully the likely effect of fertiliser applications on animal production.

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