scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF STAGE OF MATURITY ON THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF KOCHIA

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1111-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. KNIPFEL ◽  
J. A. KERNAN ◽  
E. C. COXWORTH ◽  
R. D. H. COHEN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Digestible Protein

A trial was conducted to determine the nutritive value for sheep of kochia (Kochia scoparia L. Schrad) grown on saline soil and harvested at the early seed stage and the full bloom stage of maturity. There was a significant decrease in digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) and digestible crude protein intake (DCPI) with increasing kochia maturity (31.6 vs. 23.2 g DOMI kg−0.75 (SE = 0.6; P < 0.05) and 4.22 vs. 1.41 g DCPI kg−0.75 (SE < 0.001; P < 0.05)). Early cut kochia appears to be at least equivalent in digestible energy to alfalfa, but lower in digestible protein. Key words: Kochia, maturity, nutritive value, sheep

scholarly journals The effect of ammoniation on the nutritive value of tall wheatgrass

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 867-870
Author(s):  
R. D. H. Cohen ◽  
K. A. Cruise ◽  
J. A. Kernan ◽  
E. C. Coxworth ◽  
J. E. Knipfel
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Tall Wheatgrass ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein

Tall wheatgrass (TWG, Agropyron elongatum (Host) Beauvois) was harvested at anthesis, ammoniated, fed to sheep and its nutritive value was compared with that of nonammoniated TWG. Ammoniation increased organic matter digestibility (OMD) from 59.2 to 65.9% (SEM = 1.45; P < 0.001), acid detergent fibre digestibility (ADFD) from 53.2 to 63.4% (SEM = 2.14; P < 0.001), neutral detergent fibre digestibility (NDFD) from 55.2 to 69.3% (SEM = 2.90; P < 0.001), digestible organic matter (DOMI) from 25.8 to 44.3 g kg−0.75 d−1 (SEM = 3.90; P < 0.001) and digestible crude protein intake (DCPI) from 1.33 to 5.97 g kg−0.75 d−1 (SEM = 0.97; P < 0.001). Key words: Tall wheatgrass, ammoniation, intake, digestibility, fibre, sheep

The nutritive value of wheat and oat silages ensiled on three cutting dates

1993 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Garnsworthy ◽  
D. T. Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Monitoring Period ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Dead Material ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein

SUMMARYThe production of biomass and its partitioning into stem, leaf, ear and dead material were monitored weekly in crops of wheat and oats from 16 May 1990, which corresponded approximately to ear emergence in the wheat, until ensilage on 29 June, 7 July and 19 July 1990 using the Ag-Bag system. An enzyme/inoculant additive was used on both crops on each ensilage date, although a portion of oats was ensiled without additive on the first two cutting dates, giving a total of eight silages. Changes in rumen degradability of dry matter were assessed for both crops throughout the monitoring period using the synthetic fibre bag technique. The digestibilities of gross energy, modified acid detergent fibre, organic matter and crude protein were determined in vivo using sheep.Over the total period of monitoring, the daily rates of increase in dry matter (DM) yield were 15·1 (± 1·6) and 16·5 (±1·9) g DM/m2 for wheat and oats respectively. From 29 June to 19 July the rates of increase were 11·3 (± 3·1) and 23·1 (±6·0) g DM/m2. The increase in weight of the ears accounted for almost all of this increase and, by the end of the monitoring period, the ears contributed approximately half of the dry matter of each crop. In both crops the portion of dead material was small until 19 July, when there was a rapid increase in the amount of dead stem. The DM content of both crops remained < 30% up to day 33 (18 June) but increased from c. 33% to c. 52% between days 53 and 65 (8–20 July). Rumen degradability of both crops decreased rapidly from c. 66% on 16 May until 16 June, when it was c. 56% for wheat and 55% for oats; it remained constant at these values thereafter.For silages made on the three successive ensilage dates, there was an increase in DM and starch contents but decreases in digestible energy, digestible fibre and digestible crude protein contents. Digestible organic matter was similar for the first two ensilage dates but lower in silage made on the third date.The use of an additive with the oat crop resulted in decreases in the digestible energy, digestible organic matter and digestible crude protein contents of the silages compared with untreated oats.Maximum yield of DM from wheat (18·6 t/ha) was obtained with the third cutting date, but optimum yield of energy (170 GJ/ha) and digestible crude protein (746 kg/ha) were found at the second cutting date. For oats, maximum yield of DM (17·3 t/ha) was again found with the third cut and maximum yield of energy (159 GJ/ha, untreated; 140 GJ/ha with additive) with the second cut. Digestible crude protein yield was greatest with the second cut of oats when no additive was used (708 kg/ha) but with additive it was greatest with the first cut (661 kg/ha).It was concluded that, under these conditions, the optimum date for ensilage of wheat or oats was 7 July and that the use of the additive was detrimental to the quality of the oat silage.

56. The Nutritive Value of Proteins for Milk Production. I. A Comparison of the Proteins of Beans, Linseed, and Meat Meal

1933 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Morris ◽  
Norman C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein

The protein requirements for maintenance and milk production are based on the well-known investigations of Kellner, Armsby, Haecker, Savage and others, who recommend feeding standards varying from 0·5 to 0·;8 lb. digestible crude protein per 1000 lb. live weight for maintenance, and from 0·52 to 0·63 lb. digestible crude protein per 10 lb. milk for milk production. A detailed study of the work of these investigations shows that in many instances nitrogen equilibrium has been obtained on considerably lower planes of protein intake: but the figures have been arbitrarily raised, partly to provide a sufficient safeguard against underfeeding, and partly on the assumption that the excess food protein could exert a stimulating effect on mammary secretion. Recent investigations, particularly those of Hills and his associates (l), Perkins (2), Buschmann(3) and Savage and Harrison (4) indicate that the existing protein standards could, in fact, be considerably reduced. The above investigations have, however, been limited to a study of the quantity of protein required for maintenance and milk production, and no account has been taken of the possible effect of variations in the quality of proteins on their utilisation.

scholarly journals Calculation of the digestibility for ruminants of roughages from their contents of cell-wall constituents. 2. Time-saving method of analysis.

1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
B.D.E. Gaillard ◽  
H.J. Nijkamp
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein

For part 1, not numbered, see Abst. 3404, Vol. 37. 2. The method described here was quicker than that of part 1 for routine use, and gave the same correlation coefficient of 0.95 and standard deviation of 3.2 between the digestibility of organic matter and the estimated content of neutral detergent residue, anhydrouronic acid and lignin. The reagents and method are described in detail. Formulae for estimation of digestibility of organic matter from neutral detergent residue, lignin and anhydrouronic acid and for estimation of starch equivalent from digestible organic matter and digestible crude protein are presented.-M. S. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Composition, digestibility and nutritive value of cereals for dogs

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. KEMPE ◽  
M. SAASTAMOINEN ◽  
S. HYYPPÄ
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein

Most dry dog foods are based on cereals, but very little published information and few comparative studies are available on the nutritive value of various cereals in dogs. To determine the apparent nutrient digestibilities and feed values of five different autoclave-processed and ground cereals: oat groats, barley, wheat, corn and rice, a digestibility trial was carried out on twelve adult huskies according to a 6 x 4 cyclic changeover design. Total tract organic matter (OM), crude carbohydrate and gross energy (GE) digestibilities were higher in rice than in all the other cereals. Apparent crude protein (CP) and acid hydrolyzed fat digestibilities of rice (80% and 94%, respectively) were as good as for oat groats (81% and 93%). However, oat groats had higher OM, CP and GE digestibilities than barley, wheat and corn. The amount of digestible crude protein (118 g kg-1 DM) was higher in oat groats than in the other cereals. Digestible energy contents (MJ kg-1 DM) of oat groats, rice, corn, wheat and barley were 17.1, 16.0, 15.7, 15.6 and 15.5, respectively. The quantity of excreted wet faeces increased and the percentage of dry matter (DM) in faeces decreased when oat groats, barley, wheat or corn were supplemented to the basal diet, in contrast to rice, which had the opposite effect on wet faeces excretion. Oat groats are good substitutes for rice or other cereals in dry dog foods.;

scholarly journals What has the State Agricultural Experiment Station at Hoorn contributed to research into the feeding value of roughage.

1954 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-297
Author(s):  
N.D. Dijkstra
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
The State ◽  
Agricultural Experiment Station ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Experiment Station ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein

Work on the digestibility of fresh and dried grass, hay and silage, carried out at Hoorn (mainly in the period 1930-50) is reviewed. An account is given of attempts to formulate relationships between the contents of crude fibre and digestible organic matter in hay and grass, and between the contents of crude protein and digestible crude protein in grass (fresh and dried), hay and silage.-W.J.B. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Studies On Browse Plants in Ghana II. Digestibility, (d) Digestibility Of Grewia Carpinifolia From The Accra Plains, Using Local Cattle As Experimental Animals

1966 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
G. L. Mabey ◽  
R. Rose Innes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Accra Plains

SummaryDigestibility of the palatable indigenous shrub Grewia carpinifolia was investigated. Digestion coefficients (%) were—organic matter 70, dry matter 70, crude protein 78, crude fibre 54, nitrogenfree extract 81, ether extract 13 and ash 52. Calculated nutritive values were—starch equivalent 27.3 and digestible crude protein 5.0, giving a nutritive ratio of about 1 : 5. The material used was moderately young.

scholarly journals Introducing Mediterranean Lupins in Lambs’ Diets: Effects on Growth and Digestibility

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 942
Author(s):  
Mariana Almeida ◽  
Sofia Garcia-Santos ◽  
Ana Nunes ◽  
Sara Rito ◽  
Jorge Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Livestock Feeding

Lupins are suitable candidates to replace soybean meal in livestock feeding in the Mediterranean area, presenting a solution for the European Union’s dependence on soybean importations. This study aimed to assess the effect of incorporating Lupinus albus and Lupinus luteus into Churra da Terra Quente lambs’ diets on growth performance and digestibility. Two trials were conducted over two years. In trial 1, two experimental diets containing 50 g/kg Lupinus albus and 50 g/kg Lupinus luteus were tested. In trial 2, lambs were fed with diets containing higher incorporations of Lupinus luteus (100, 150, and 200 g/kg: LL10, LL15, and LL20, respectively). Total dry matter, hay dry matter, and crude protein intake were calculated, as well as average daily gains. At the end of the growth trials, dry matter, organic matter, and NDF digestibility was determined. Incorporating 50 g/kg of lupins did not affect (p > 0.05) the performance. Lambs fed on LL20 diets presented the lowest HDMI and CPI values (p < 0.05). The highest intakes (p < 0.05) were observed from LL15 lambs. No differences were found in apparent digestibility coefficients between diets (p > 0.05), except for NDF digestibility which was highest (p < 0.05) for LL20. The optimum level of lupin inclusion in lambs’ diets seems to be 150 g/kg.

scholarly journals Development of yield and nutritive value of timothy in primary growth and regrowth in northern growing conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. NISSINEN ◽  
P. KALLIAINEN ◽  
L. JAUHIAINEN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Percentage Unit ◽  
Primary Growth ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

The development of the yield and nutritive value of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) both in the primary growth and in the regrowth were studied at MTT Plant Production Research, a unit of MTT Agrifood Research Finland, in Rovaniemi (66°35´N) in 1999–2001. The dry matter yield and leaf:stem ratio were measured from the crop samples, and the contents of crude protein and organic matter digestibility of both whole plant samples and leaf and stem fractions were analysed. In primary growth, the most rapid increase of dry matter, 220–240 kg ha-1 per day, was measured around the beginning of the heading stage. There was a very strong positive correlation between the proportion of stems and the amount of dry matter in the primary yield. The daily growth rate of the regrowth was less than half of that of the primary growth. The fastest decrease, 1 percentage unit per day, in crude protein content was measured at the pasture stage (4–5-leaf stage). During the entire sampling period, the average daily decline in crude protein content in the primary growth of timothy was 0.65 percentage units. The main cause for the rapid decline in crude protein content was the high proportion of stem matter and its low protein content. In the regrowth, during the last four weeks before the harvest, the average daily decline in crude protein content was 0.28 percentage units.The average decline in organic matter digestibility from early pasture stage to late silage stage was 0.9 percentage units per day. The most remarkable change was noticed at the growth stage of timothy when about the half of stems were heading and it was then that the digestibility decreased by more than one percentage unit per day. The rapid decline in organic matter digestibility was due to the low digestibility of stem matter. The daily change in forage digestibility in the regrowth was very small, on average 0.11%.;

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF SOURCE AND LEVEL OF NITROGEN ON THE UTILIZATION OF SORGHUM STOVER BY YANKASA RAMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
F. OLALERU ◽  
T. A. ADEGBOLA
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Designed Experiment ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein

The effects of cotton seed cake (CSC) or urea in supplying either 12% or 16% crude protein on sorghum stover utilization by Yankasa rams was studied for twelve weeks, using a 2 x 2 factorially designed experiment. Nutrient intake, digestibility, weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were monitored. In vitro volatile fatty acid (VFA) and ammonia-nitrogen (NH,-N) concentrations were also determined. The result of the study indicated that the source and/or level of nitrogen (or crude protein) significantly (P<0.05) affected crude protein intake (CPI), digestible crude protein intake (DCPI) and in vitro NH,-N concentration. Total feed intake, live weight gain (LWG), FCR and DCPI were significantly (P<0.05) affected by source x level interaction. Acid detergent fibre (A DF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) intakes, CP, ADF and NDF digestibilities, digestible ADF and NDF intakes, stover intake and in vitro VFA concentration were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by either main effects of CP source and level or their interaction. The rams on the 16% CSC and 12% urea ration gained more weight and had lower FCR than those on the 12% CSC and 16% urea. The 16% CSC ration gave the best result in terms of sorghum stover supplementation. The 12% urea treatment which also had a good result in terms of weight gain and FCR could also be recommended for use.

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