Identification of Novel Resident Pulmonary Stem Cells: Form and Function of the Lung Side Population

Stem Cells ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1073-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Majka ◽  
Michelle A. Beutz ◽  
Moira Hagen ◽  
Angelo A. Izzo ◽  
Norbert Voelkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Side Population ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Induction of Articular Chondrogenesis by Chitosan/Hyaluronic-Acid-Based Biomimetic Matrices Using Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijiang Huang ◽  
Daniel Seitz ◽  
Fabian König ◽  
Peter E. Müller ◽  
Volkmar Jansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Chondrogenic Medium ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Suitable Environment

Cartilage repair using tissue engineering is the most advanced clinical application in regenerative medicine, yet available solutions remain unsuccessful in reconstructing native cartilage in its proprietary form and function. Previous investigations have suggested that the combination of specific bioactive elements combined with a natural polymer could generate carrier matrices that enhance activities of seeded stem cells and possibly induce the desired matrix formation. The present study sought to clarify this by assessing whether a chitosan-hyaluronic-acid-based biomimetic matrix in conjunction with adipose-derived stem cells could support articular hyaline cartilage formation in relation to a standard chitosan-based construct. By assessing cellular development, matrix formation, and key gene/protein expressions during in vitro cultivation utilizing quantitative gene and immunofluorescent assays, results showed that chitosan with hyaluronic acid provides a suitable environment that supports stem cell differentiation towards cartilage matrix producing chondrocytes. However, on the molecular gene expression level, it has become apparent that, without combinations of morphogens, in the chondrogenic medium, hyaluronic acid with chitosan has a very limited capacity to stimulate and maintain stem cells in an articular chondrogenic state, suggesting that cocktails of various growth factors are one of the key features to regenerate articular cartilage, clinically.

Neural stem cells: form and function

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 392-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Reh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals From Hydra Regeneration to Human Brain Structural Plasticity: A Long Trip through Narrowing Roads

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1270-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Bonfanti
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Regenerative Processes ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
And Function ◽  
Human Nervous System

Regeneration is a strategy to maintain form and function throughout life. Studies carried out on animal models throughout the phylogenetic tree have flourished in the last decades in search of mechanisms underlying the regenerative processes. The development of such studies is strictly linked with stem cell research and both are viewed as one of the most promising outcomes for regenerative medicine; yet, regeneration, stem cells, and tissue repair do not seem to follow a logical path through the different animal species and tissues. As a result, some mammalian organs, e.g., kidney and brain, have lost most of their regenerative capacity. The human nervous system, although harboring neural stem cells, is placed at the extreme of “perennial” tissues. In addition, it is affected by neurodegenerative diseases, whose heavy burden is heightened by enhanced life spans. This review, starting from the basic principles of tissue regeneration viewed in a comparative context, tries to answer this question: To which extent can regenerative medicine be figured out in a mammalian brain equipped with many anatomical/evolutionary constraints?

scholarly journals Optimized Stem Cell Detection Using the DyeCycle-Triggered Side Population Phenotype

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Boesch ◽  
Dominik Wolf ◽  
Sieghart Sopper
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Side Population ◽  
Blue Laser ◽  
Cell Detection ◽  
Target Populations ◽  
And Function ◽  
Transporter Expression

Tissue and cancer stem cells are highly attractive target populations for regenerative medicine and novel potentially curative anticancer therapeutics. In order to get a better understanding of stem cell biology and function, it is essential to reproducibly identify these stem cells from biological samples for subsequent characterization or isolation. ABC drug transporter expression is a hallmark of stem cells. This is utilized to identify (cancer) stem cells by exploiting their dye extrusion properties, which is referred to as the “side population assay.” Initially described for high-end flow cytometers equipped with ultraviolet lasers, this technique is now also amenable for a broader scientific community, owing to the increasing availability of violet laser-furnished cytometers and the advent of DyeCycle Violet (DCV). Here, we describe important technical aspects of the DCV-basedside population assayand discuss potential pitfalls and caveats helping scientists to establish a valid and reproducible DCV-basedside population assay. In addition, we investigate the suitability of blue laser-excitable DyeCycle dyes for side population detection. This knowledge will help to improve and standardize detection and isolation of stem cells based on their expression of ABC drug transporters.

scholarly journals Unhealthy Stem Cells: When Health Conditions Upset Stem Cell Properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1999-2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. Pérez ◽  
Beatriz de Lucas ◽  
Beatriz G. Gálvez
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Stem Cell Population ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Innovative Therapies ◽  
And Function ◽  
Stem Cell Populations

The stem cell field has grown very rapidly during the last decade, offering the promise of innovative therapies to treat disease. Different stem cell populations have been isolated from various human adult tissues, mainly from bone marrow and adipose tissue, but many other body tissues harbor a stem cell population. Adult tissue stem cells are invariably found in discrete microenvironments termed niches, where they play key roles in tissue homeostasis by enabling lifelong optimization of organ form and function. Some diseases are known to strike at the stem cell population, through alterations in their specific microenvironments, making them non-viable. Furthermore, it has been shown that a transformed stem cell population could prompt the development of certain cancers. This review focuses on the potential negative aspects of a range of diseases on the activity of stem cells and how their potential use in cell therapies may be affected.

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of DNA and RNA

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Patricia G. Arscott ◽  
Gil Lee ◽  
Victor A. Bloomfield ◽  
D. Fennell Evans
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Calf Thymus ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

STM is one of the most promising techniques available for visualizing the fine details of biomolecular structure. It has been used to map the surface topography of inorganic materials in atomic dimensions, and thus has the resolving power not only to determine the conformation of small molecules but to distinguish site-specific features within a molecule. That level of detail is of critical importance in understanding the relationship between form and function in biological systems. The size, shape, and accessibility of molecular structures can be determined much more accurately by STM than by electron microscopy since no staining, shadowing or labeling with heavy metals is required, and there is no exposure to damaging radiation by electrons. Crystallography and most other physical techniques do not give information about individual molecules.We have obtained striking images of DNA and RNA, using calf thymus DNA and two synthetic polynucleotides, poly(dG-me5dC)·poly(dG-me5dC) and poly(rA)·poly(rU).

Re-examining the form and function of superstition

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Fluke ◽  
Russell J. Webster ◽  
Donald A. Saucier
Keyword(s):  
Form And Function ◽  
And Function
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document