Neural stem cells: form and function

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 392-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Reh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
And Function

Adult neural stem cells: fate and function

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 266-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Murray ◽  
P.-M. Lledo
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Neural Stem Cells ◽  
And Function

Expression and function of galectin-1 in adult neural stem cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 1254-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sakaguchi ◽  
Y. Imaizumi ◽  
H. Okano
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Neural Stem Cells ◽  
And Function

Expression and function of orphan nuclear receptor TLX in adult neural stem cells

Nature ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 427 (6969) ◽  
pp. 78-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhong Shi ◽  
D. Chichung Lie ◽  
Philippe Taupin ◽  
Kinichi Nakashima ◽  
Jasodhara Ray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Orphan Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Adult Neural Stem Cells ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Msps Governs Acentrosomal Microtubule Assembly and Reactivation of Quiescent Neural Stem Cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiannan Deng ◽  
Ye Sing Tan ◽  
Liang Yuh Chew ◽  
Hongyan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Body ◽  
Microtubule Assembly ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Contact Points ◽  
A Cell ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cellular Protrusion ◽  
E Cadherin

SUMMARYThe ability of stem cells to switch between quiescence and proliferation is crucial for tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Drosophila quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs) extend a primary cellular protrusion from the cell body prior to their reactivation. However, the structure and function of this protrusion are not well established. In this study, we show that in the primary protrusion of quiescent NSCs microtubules are predominantly acentrosomal and oriented plus-end-out, distal to the cell body. We have identified Mini Spindles (Msps)/XMAP215 as a key regulator of NSC reactivation and acentrosomal microtubule assembly in quiescent NSCs. We show that E-cadherin, a cell adhesion molecule, is localized to NSC-neuropil contact points, in a Msps-dependent manner, and is intrinsically required for NSC reactivation. Our study demonstrates a novel mechanism by which Msps-dependent microtubule assembly in the primary protrusion of quiescent NSCs targets E-cadherin to NSC-neuropil contact sites to promote NSC reactivation. We propose that the neuropil functions as a new niche for promoting NSC reactivation, which may be a general paradigm in mammalian systems.

Introduction to the special issue on neural stem cells: Regulation and function

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 953-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry F. Bartlett ◽  
Benedikt Berninger
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Induction of Articular Chondrogenesis by Chitosan/Hyaluronic-Acid-Based Biomimetic Matrices Using Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijiang Huang ◽  
Daniel Seitz ◽  
Fabian König ◽  
Peter E. Müller ◽  
Volkmar Jansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Chondrogenic Medium ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Suitable Environment

Cartilage repair using tissue engineering is the most advanced clinical application in regenerative medicine, yet available solutions remain unsuccessful in reconstructing native cartilage in its proprietary form and function. Previous investigations have suggested that the combination of specific bioactive elements combined with a natural polymer could generate carrier matrices that enhance activities of seeded stem cells and possibly induce the desired matrix formation. The present study sought to clarify this by assessing whether a chitosan-hyaluronic-acid-based biomimetic matrix in conjunction with adipose-derived stem cells could support articular hyaline cartilage formation in relation to a standard chitosan-based construct. By assessing cellular development, matrix formation, and key gene/protein expressions during in vitro cultivation utilizing quantitative gene and immunofluorescent assays, results showed that chitosan with hyaluronic acid provides a suitable environment that supports stem cell differentiation towards cartilage matrix producing chondrocytes. However, on the molecular gene expression level, it has become apparent that, without combinations of morphogens, in the chondrogenic medium, hyaluronic acid with chitosan has a very limited capacity to stimulate and maintain stem cells in an articular chondrogenic state, suggesting that cocktails of various growth factors are one of the key features to regenerate articular cartilage, clinically.

scholarly journals From Hydra Regeneration to Human Brain Structural Plasticity: A Long Trip through Narrowing Roads

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1270-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Bonfanti
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Regenerative Processes ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
And Function ◽  
Human Nervous System

Regeneration is a strategy to maintain form and function throughout life. Studies carried out on animal models throughout the phylogenetic tree have flourished in the last decades in search of mechanisms underlying the regenerative processes. The development of such studies is strictly linked with stem cell research and both are viewed as one of the most promising outcomes for regenerative medicine; yet, regeneration, stem cells, and tissue repair do not seem to follow a logical path through the different animal species and tissues. As a result, some mammalian organs, e.g., kidney and brain, have lost most of their regenerative capacity. The human nervous system, although harboring neural stem cells, is placed at the extreme of “perennial” tissues. In addition, it is affected by neurodegenerative diseases, whose heavy burden is heightened by enhanced life spans. This review, starting from the basic principles of tissue regeneration viewed in a comparative context, tries to answer this question: To which extent can regenerative medicine be figured out in a mammalian brain equipped with many anatomical/evolutionary constraints?

scholarly journals Expression and function of Ndel1 during the differentiation of neural stem cells induced by hippocampal exosomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
WEN LI ◽  
Shanshan Wang ◽  
Hui He ◽  
Jianbing Qin ◽  
Xiang Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Quiescent State ◽  
Nervous System Diseases ◽  
And Function

Abstract BackgroundIn the brain of adult mammals, neural stem cells persist in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus, which are specialized niches with proliferative capacity. Most neural stem cells are in a quiescent state, but in response to extrinsic stimuli, they can exit from quiescence and become reactivated to produce new neurons, so neural stem cells are considered to be a potential source for cell replacement therapy of many nervous system diseases. We characterized the expression of Ndel1 during the differentiation of neural stem cells induced by hippocampus exosomes, and assessed the effect of Ndel1 on neural stem cells differentiationMethodsHippocampal exosomes were isolated and extracted, and co-cultured exosomes with neural stem cells. Western blot, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence analyses were used to analyze expression of neuronal markers. Further, utilizing high-throughput RNA sequencing technology, we found that nudE neurodevelopment protein 1-like 1 was significantly up-regulated in exosomes derived from denervated hippocampus, and then characterized its mechanism and function during neural stem cells differentiation by qRT-PCR, western blot, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence analyses.ResultsOur results revealed that exosomes of denervated hippocampus promoted the differentiation of neural stem cells into neuron. Hence, we identified that nudE neurodevelopment protein 1-like 1 (Ndel1) was significantly up-regulated and highly expressed in the nervous system. In addition, we found that miR-107-3p may regulate NSCs differentiation by targeting Ndel1.ConclusionsOur results revealed that deafferentation of the hippocampal exosomes co-cultured with NSCs could promote them to differentiate into neurons. Hence, we found that miR-107-3p may regulate NSCs differentiation by targeting Ndel1. Importantly, Ndel1 enhanced spatial learning and hippocampal neurogenesis in rats after FF transection In vivo. These findings set the stage for a better understanding of neurogenesis, a process that one day may inspire new treatments for central nervous system diseases.

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