scholarly journals From Hydra Regeneration to Human Brain Structural Plasticity: A Long Trip through Narrowing Roads

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1270-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Bonfanti
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Regenerative Processes ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
And Function ◽  
Human Nervous System

Regeneration is a strategy to maintain form and function throughout life. Studies carried out on animal models throughout the phylogenetic tree have flourished in the last decades in search of mechanisms underlying the regenerative processes. The development of such studies is strictly linked with stem cell research and both are viewed as one of the most promising outcomes for regenerative medicine; yet, regeneration, stem cells, and tissue repair do not seem to follow a logical path through the different animal species and tissues. As a result, some mammalian organs, e.g., kidney and brain, have lost most of their regenerative capacity. The human nervous system, although harboring neural stem cells, is placed at the extreme of “perennial” tissues. In addition, it is affected by neurodegenerative diseases, whose heavy burden is heightened by enhanced life spans. This review, starting from the basic principles of tissue regeneration viewed in a comparative context, tries to answer this question: To which extent can regenerative medicine be figured out in a mammalian brain equipped with many anatomical/evolutionary constraints?

scholarly journals Recent Advance in Source, Property, Differentiation, and Applications of Infrapatellar Fat Pad Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-chen Zhong ◽  
Shi-chun Wang ◽  
Yin-he Han ◽  
Yu Wen
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Infrapatellar Fat Pad ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Stem Cell Source ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
And Function

Infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) can be easily obtained during knee surgery, which avoids the damage to patients for obtaining IPFP. Infrapatellar fat pad adipose-derived stem cells (IPFP-ASCs) are also called infrapatellar fat pad mesenchymal stem cells (IPFP-MSCs) because the morphology of IPFP-ASCs is similar to that of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). IPFP-ASCs are attracting more and more attention due to their characteristics suitable to regenerative medicine such as strong proliferation and differentiation, anti-inflammation, antiaging, secreting cytokines, multipotential capacity, and 3D culture. IPFP-ASCs can repair articular cartilage and relieve the pain caused by osteoarthritis, so most of IPFP-related review articles focus on osteoarthritis. This article reviews the anatomy and function of IPFP, as well as the discovery, amplification, multipotential capacity, and application of IPFP-ASCs in order to explain why IPFP-ASC is a superior stem cell source in regenerative medicine.

scholarly journals Stem cells and regenerative medicine in sport science

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire E. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
College Level ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Acute Injuries ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Cost

The estimated cost of acute injuries in college-level sport in the USA is ∼1.5 billion dollars per year, without taking into account the cost of follow up rehabilitation. In addition to this huge financial burden, without appropriate diagnosis and relevant interventions, sport injuries may be career-ending for some athletes. With a growing number of females participating in contact based and pivoting sports, middle aged individuals returning to sport and natural injuries of ageing all increasing, such costs and negative implications for quality of life will expand. For those injuries, which cannot be predicted and prevented, there is a real need, to optimise repair, recovery and function, post-injury in the sporting and clinical worlds. The 21stcentury has seen a rapid growth in the arena of regenerative medicine for sporting injuries, in a bid to progress recovery and to facilitate return to sport. Such interventions harness knowledge relating to stem cells as a potential for injury repair. While the field is rapidly growing, consideration beyond the stem cells, to the factors they secrete, should be considered in the development of effective, affordable treatments.

scholarly journals Induction of Articular Chondrogenesis by Chitosan/Hyaluronic-Acid-Based Biomimetic Matrices Using Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijiang Huang ◽  
Daniel Seitz ◽  
Fabian König ◽  
Peter E. Müller ◽  
Volkmar Jansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Chondrogenic Medium ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Suitable Environment

Cartilage repair using tissue engineering is the most advanced clinical application in regenerative medicine, yet available solutions remain unsuccessful in reconstructing native cartilage in its proprietary form and function. Previous investigations have suggested that the combination of specific bioactive elements combined with a natural polymer could generate carrier matrices that enhance activities of seeded stem cells and possibly induce the desired matrix formation. The present study sought to clarify this by assessing whether a chitosan-hyaluronic-acid-based biomimetic matrix in conjunction with adipose-derived stem cells could support articular hyaline cartilage formation in relation to a standard chitosan-based construct. By assessing cellular development, matrix formation, and key gene/protein expressions during in vitro cultivation utilizing quantitative gene and immunofluorescent assays, results showed that chitosan with hyaluronic acid provides a suitable environment that supports stem cell differentiation towards cartilage matrix producing chondrocytes. However, on the molecular gene expression level, it has become apparent that, without combinations of morphogens, in the chondrogenic medium, hyaluronic acid with chitosan has a very limited capacity to stimulate and maintain stem cells in an articular chondrogenic state, suggesting that cocktails of various growth factors are one of the key features to regenerate articular cartilage, clinically.

Neural stem cells: form and function

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 392-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Reh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Endodontic Retreatment - A Nightmare to dentist : An Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (07) ◽  
pp. 494-502
Author(s):  
Jyoti Nagpal ◽  
Ritika Chhibber ◽  
Bhavika Sindhu ◽  
Priya Mahajan ◽  
Swati Manhas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Approach ◽  
Prosthetic Replacement ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Implant Dentistry ◽  
And Function ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Endodontic Retreatment ◽  
Natural Tooth

Clinicians are regularly confronted with different choices after failure of root canal treatment. In present scenario patient prefer to retain their original teeth thats why non-surgical retreatment should be the treatment of choice. The new generation of endodontic instruments, magnification, materials and  technology with the basic principles of endodontic retreatment have helped in retention of the patients natural tooth structure to form and function decreasing the need for extensively expensive prosthetic replacement in the area of implant dentistry. Surgical approach can be adopted in obstructed, calcified or non-negotiable canals.

Form and Function in Intracranial Neurovascular Stents: A Historical Perspective and State-of-the-Art Clinical Review for the Noninterventionalist

Neurographics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-110
Author(s):  
M.T. Caton ◽  
A.Z. Copelan ◽  
K.H. Narsinh ◽  
D. Murph ◽  
A. A. Abla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Stent Deployment ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Radiographic Appearance ◽  
Intracranial Stent ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Principles Of Design ◽  
Endovascular Stent Placement ◽  
And Function

The use of intracranial stents in neurointerventional surgery has been practiced for decades. However, the spectrum of treatable pathology, available devices, and clinical adoption of intracranial stents has exploded in recent years. Diagnostic neuroradiologists play a critical role in the evaluation of these devices after deployment, yet may not be familiar with state-of-the-art intracranial stent devices and indications. This review provides an overview of intracranial stents for cerebrovascular disease, with 3 chief learning objectives: 1) to understand the basic principles of stent design, biomechanics, and deployment, and the resulting influence on cerebrovascular hemodynamics; 2) to be familiar with the spectrum of intracranial pathology amenable to endovascular stent placement; and 3) to recognize the radiographic appearance of successful intracranial stent deployment and intracranial stent‐related complications.Learning Objective: Recognize the key principles of design (form), current indications (function), and potential complications of intracranial stents used in neurointerventional surgery

scholarly journals Form and function in regenerative medicine: introduction

2015 ◽  
Vol 227 (6) ◽  
pp. 705-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fergal J. O'Brien ◽  
Garry P. Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
And Function

Identification of Novel Resident Pulmonary Stem Cells: Form and Function of the Lung Side Population

Stem Cells ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1073-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Majka ◽  
Michelle A. Beutz ◽  
Moira Hagen ◽  
Angelo A. Izzo ◽  
Norbert Voelkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Side Population ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
And Function
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