A Comparison between Extractant Solvents in the Quantitative Analysis of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soil Samples

Total petroleum hydrocarbons pollution of soil samples randomly collected from three Nigeria Universities in Port Harcourt due to the use of heavy-duty diesel generators was studied to ascertains the level of concentration of the different hydrocarbons’ categories. The soil samples were collected at two different depths of 0.00-0.50m and 0.50-1.00m. The Universities were Ignatius Ajuru University of Education (IAUE), Rivers State University (RSU) and University of Port Harcourt (UNIPORT). The different total petroleum hydrocarbons categories were Gasoline Range Organics (GRO), Diesel Range Organics (DRO) and Lube Oil Range. Soxhlet extraction method was used in extracting the samples and due column clean-up was performed for chromatographic analysis. Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector was used to determine the level of concentrations of the different categories of total petroleum hydrocarbons. The results showed that at 0.00-0.50m depth, IAUE was 4.42145, 945.4784, and 525.66919 mg/Kg for GRO, DRO and lube oil range respectively, RSU was not detected, 494.44799 and 458.6715 mg/Kg for GRO, DRO and lube oil range respectively and UNIPORT was 4.40920, 501.2246 and 467.71426 mg/Kg for GRO, DRO and lube oil range respectively. At 0.50-1.00m depth IAUE was 2.75132, 596.35126, and 311.84451 mg/Kg for GRO, DRO and lube oil range respectively, RSU was not detected, 298.06899 and 270.61619 mg/Kg for GRO, DRO and lube oil range respectively and UNIPORT was 2.77780, 301.74701 and 276.88684 mg/Kg for GRO, DRO and lube oil range respectively. The level of soil contamination Showed that GRO > DRO > lube oil range. The observation showed that hydrocarbon pollution decreased with increase in depth. The level of DRO and lube oil range in the studied areas exceeded the limit acceptable and therefore adequate steps should be taken to remedy the situation so that it will not pose any health hazard to the workers operating the heavy-duty generators.

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Surfactant Enhanced Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils Using Alkyl Polyglucoside

Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences ◽

10.9734/ajopacs/2021/v9i330138 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 17-28

Author(s):

C. E. Ezekiel ◽

Leo C. Osuji ◽

M. C. Onojake

Keyword(s):

Contaminated Soils ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Alkyl Polyglycosides ◽

Enhanced Biodegradation ◽

Enhanced Bioremediation ◽

Reduction Percentage ◽

Alkyl Polyglucoside

Bioremediation is an efficient and environmentally friendly method for the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soils. This study investigated the effects of biosurfactant alkyl polyglycosides (APG) on enhanced biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soils. Three soil samples were contaminated with two different grades of crude oil (medium and Light). Alkyl polyglucoside was synthesised and subjected to FTIR for comfirmation of the product before it was applied in the remediation of contaminated soil. The alkyl polyglucoside is used as a treatment regime in the remediation of the hydrocarbon contamination in the three soil samples. Results of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) before remediation with bio-surfactant showed that samples contaminated with medium crude for Eneka, Ozuoba and Rukpokwu were 15744.00 mg/kg, 11359.00 mg/kg and 11470.00 mg/kg respectively and after remediation reduced to 4276.00 mg/kg, 4265.00 mg/kg, and 3205.00 mg/kg, showing a reduction percentage of 72.84%, 62.44% and 72.05% respectively. Soil samples contaminated with light crude showed result of TPH of 11339.00 mg/kg, 10662 mg/kg and 10226 mg/kg and after remediation reduced to 2981 mg/kg, 3879 mg/kg, and 4245 mg/kg respectively showing a reduction percentage of 73.71%, 63.62 % and 58.49% respectively. The enhanced efficiency of the bio-surfactant at degrading total petroleum hydrocarbons was achieved as a result of the increased solubility thus improving the bioavailability of the hydrocarbons due to the action of the alkyl polyglucoside.

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Effects of Moisture Content and Solvent Additive on Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons from Soil

Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal ◽

10.18321/ectj131 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 331 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M.B. Alimzhanova ◽

B.N. Kenessov ◽

M.K. Nauryzbayev ◽

J.A. Koziel

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Water Surface ◽

Solid Phase Microextraction ◽

Extraction Efficiency ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Water Mixture

Present paper describes optimization of the method of quantitative determination of total petroleum hydrocarbons in soil samples using headspace solid - phase microextraction (SPME) in combination with gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Effects of moisture content and solvent additives<br />were studied. It was established that an increase of the moisture content in soil leads to an increase of the response of petroleum hydrocarbons reaching its maximum at 15-20% depending on the soil type and concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons followed by its gradual decrease. For the same concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons, an increase of moisture content in soil from 0 to 20% may lead to a 15x increase of total petroleum hydrocarbons response by solid - phase microextraction. Determination of total petroleum hydrocarbons in soils by SPME -GC-MS without moisture control of samples may lead to large errors, especially at low concentrations. It was established that addition of the solvent to a soil-water mixture allows dissolution of an oil film on the water surface and provides better extraction of hydrocarbons from soil to water phase. To avoid effect of moisture content on the extraction efficiency and more precise analysis of the real samples, addition of the excess distilled water must be done. Addition of the polar organic solvent to a soil-water mixture (10% isopropanol) allows dissolution of an oil film on the water surface and provides linear dependence of extraction efficiency vs total petroleum hydrocarbons content in soil. Testing of the optimized method on model soil samples provided quantitative data, results being in 30-120% range from the real values.

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Bioremediation of actual soil samples with high levels of crude oil using a bacterial consortium isolated from two polluted sites: investigation of the survival of the bacteria

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.002681 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 432-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Sole Source ◽

Bacterial Consortium ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Oil Refinery ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Polluted Sites ◽

Achromobacter Sp

In this study, actual soil samples, taken from Kharg Island, Iran, with high levels of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) were bioremediated by a bacterial consortium. The strains were: Pseudomonas sp., Stenotrophomonas sp., Achromobacter sp., Brevibacillus sp. and Staphylococcus sp., which were isolated from two highly polluted sites: Kharg Island and Kermanshah Oil Refinery. The bacteria were identified and confirmed by biochemical tests and the PCR assay. In order to isolate the bacteria, the enrichment method, in which crude oil (2%) was utilized as the sole source of carbon and energy, was used. The results showed that the adapted bacterial consortium could degrade nearly 60% of the pollution. Also, it was found that after 100 days of bioremediation only Brevibacillus sp. could survive in the environment.

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Determination of biological markers of organic substances in sediment and soil samples by gas chromatography

Acta Chimica Slovaca ◽

10.2478/acs-2020-0006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 34-40

Author(s):

Nemanja Koljančić ◽

Olga Vyviurska ◽

Milica Balaban ◽

Ivan Špánik

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Biological Markers ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Complex Mixture ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Organic Substances ◽

Banja Luka

AbstractOnce they reach the environment, petroleum hydrocarbons undergo various chemical, physico-chemical and biochemical transformation processes. Organic compounds which are not or are very poorly subject to these processes are thermodynamically the most stable isomers and they are called biological markers (biomarkers). This paper presents the results of the determination of organic substances in twelve samples taken in the area of the city of Banja Luka (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Two soil samples were taken in the Banja Luka city heating plant area and ten river sediment and soil samples were taken in the upper and lower basin of the Vrbas river in the Banja Luka city area. The aim of this study was to determine the biomarkers of oil-type pollutants in contaminated samples as well as the type of organic substances in samples taken near the contaminated area. Assisted solvent extraction was used to isolate the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) from all twelve samples. Fractionation of the extracts into saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions was performed by column chromatography. The fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). On basis of the obtained chromatograms, biomarkers of petroleum pollutants and specific correlation parameters of organic substances in the samples were determined. The dominance of n-alkanes with odd C atoms as well as the presence of an unresolved complex mixture (UCM) on chromatograms of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons showed the presence of anthropogenic organic substances of petroleum origin in the analyzed samples. Based on the obtained chromatograms, it can be concluded that microbial degradation of hydrocarbons in all samples occurred.

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Efficiency and Kinetics of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) Removal from Crude Oil Polluted Arable Soil using Palm Bunch Ash and Tween 80

Chemistry Africa ◽

10.1007/s42250-020-00219-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Godwin James Udo ◽

Nnanake-Abasi O. Offiong ◽

Alfreda Nwadinigwe ◽

Clement O. Obadimu ◽

Aniedi E. Nyong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Tween 80 ◽

Arable Soil ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Palm Bunch

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Validation of an analytical methodology for the quantitative analysis of petroleum hydrocarbons in marine sediment samples

Química Nova ◽

10.1590/s0100-40422009000400006 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 855-860 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Eloy Yordad Companioni Damas ◽

Miriam Odette Cora Medina ◽

Ana Catalina Núñez Clemente ◽

Miguel Ángel Díaz Díaz ◽

Luis González Bravo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Marine Sediment ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Analytical Methodology ◽

Sediment Samples

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Fate of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Environment

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-24035-6_3 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 57-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Saranya Kuppusamy ◽

Naga Raju Maddela ◽

Mallavarapu Megharaj ◽

Kadiyala Venkateswarlu

Keyword(s):

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons

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An Overview of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-24035-6_1 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Saranya Kuppusamy ◽

Naga Raju Maddela ◽

Mallavarapu Megharaj ◽

Kadiyala Venkateswarlu

Keyword(s):

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons

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Effect of compost in phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soils

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2001.0102 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 291-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

J. Vouillamoz ◽

M. W. Milke

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Contaminated Soil ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Dilution Effect ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Controlled Environment ◽

Grass Growth ◽

The Impact

The effect of compost on phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soils was investigated using 130 small (200 g) containers in two screening tests. The experiments were conducted in a controlled environment using ryegrass from seed. Containers were destructively sampled at various times and analyzed for plant mass and total petroleum hydrocarbons. The results indicate that the presence of diesel reduces grass growth, and that compost helps reduced the impact of diesel on grass growth. The addition of compost helps increase diesel loss from the soils both with and without grass, though the addition of grass leads to lower diesel levels compared with controls. A second set of experiments indicates that the compost helps in phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soil independent of the dilution effect that compost addition has. The results indicate that the compost addition allowed diesel loss down to 200 mg TPH/kg even though the compost would be expected to hold the diesel more tightly in the soil/compost mixture. The simplicity of the screening tests led to difficulties in controlling moisture content and germination rates. The conclusion of the research is that the tilling of compost into soils combined with grass seeding appears to be a valuable option for treating petroleum-contaminated soils.

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