Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons Categories Concentration in Soils Within the Vicinity Housing Heavy-Duty Diesel Generators in Three Universities in Port Harcourt South-South Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Diesel Generators ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel

Total petroleum hydrocarbons pollution of soil samples randomly collected from three Nigeria Universities in Port Harcourt due to the use of heavy-duty diesel generators was studied to ascertains the level of concentration of the different hydrocarbons’ categories. The soil samples were collected at two different depths of 0.00-0.50m and 0.50-1.00m. The Universities were Ignatius Ajuru University of Education (IAUE), Rivers State University (RSU) and University of Port Harcourt (UNIPORT). The different total petroleum hydrocarbons categories were Gasoline Range Organics (GRO), Diesel Range Organics (DRO) and Lube Oil Range. Soxhlet extraction method was used in extracting the samples and due column clean-up was performed for chromatographic analysis. Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector was used to determine the level of concentrations of the different categories of total petroleum hydrocarbons. The results showed that at 0.00-0.50m depth, IAUE was 4.42145, 945.4784, and 525.66919 mg/Kg for GRO, DRO and lube oil range respectively, RSU was not detected, 494.44799 and 458.6715 mg/Kg for GRO, DRO and lube oil range respectively and UNIPORT was 4.40920, 501.2246 and 467.71426 mg/Kg for GRO, DRO and lube oil range respectively. At 0.50-1.00m depth IAUE was 2.75132, 596.35126, and 311.84451 mg/Kg for GRO, DRO and lube oil range respectively, RSU was not detected, 298.06899 and 270.61619 mg/Kg for GRO, DRO and lube oil range respectively and UNIPORT was 2.77780, 301.74701 and 276.88684 mg/Kg for GRO, DRO and lube oil range respectively. The level of soil contamination Showed that GRO > DRO > lube oil range. The observation showed that hydrocarbon pollution decreased with increase in depth. The level of DRO and lube oil range in the studied areas exceeded the limit acceptable and therefore adequate steps should be taken to remedy the situation so that it will not pose any health hazard to the workers operating the heavy-duty generators.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soils using indigenous bacterial consortium

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Yalda Basim ◽  
Ghasemali Mohebali ◽  
Sahand Jorfi ◽  
Ramin Nabizadeh ◽  
Mehdi Ahmadi Moghadam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
And Control ◽  
Similar Texture

Background: Biodegradation of hydrocarbon compounds is a great environmental concern due to their toxic nature and ubiquitous occurrence. In this study, biodegradation potential of oily soils was investigated in an oil field using indigenous bacterial consortium. Methods: The bacterial strains present in the contaminated and non-contaminated soils were identified via DNA extraction using 16S rDNA gene sequencing during six months. Furthermore, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were removed from oil-contaminated soils. The TPH values were determined using a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Results: The bacterial consortium identified in oil-contaminated soils (case) belonged to the families Halomonadaceae (91.5%) and Bacillaceae (8.5%), which was significantly different from those identified in non-contaminated soils (control) belonging to the families Enterobacteriaceae (84.6%), Paenibacillaceae (6%), and Bacillaceae (9.4%). It was revealed that the diversity of bacterial strains was less in oil-contaminated soils and varied significantly between case and control samples. Indigenous bacterial consortium was used in oil-contaminated soils without need for amplification of heterogeneous bacteria and the results showed that the identified bacterial strains could be introduced as a sufficient consortium for biodegradation of oil-contaminated soils with similar texture, which is one of the innovative aspects of this research. Conclusion: An oil-contaminated soil sample with TPH concentration of 1640 mg/kg was subjected to bioremediation during 6 months using indigenous bacterial consortium and a TPH removal efficiency of 28.1% was obtained.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF OIL AND GREASE, TOTAL PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS AND VOLATILE AROMATIC COMPOUNDS IN SOIL AND SEDIMENT SAMPLES

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Rauckyte ◽  
Sławomir Żak ◽  
Zenon Pawlak ◽  
Adekunle Oloyede
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Soil Sediment ◽  
Petroleum Contaminated Soil ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Volatile Aromatic Compounds

This paper describes a case study of petroleum‐contaminated soil/sediment samples which were analyzed using gas chromatography‐flame ionization detector (GC‐FID) for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), volatile aromatic com‐pounds: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) and naphthalene by GC‐MS, and oil and grease (O/G) con‐tent by sonication in hexane. The ratio of (TPH) / (O/G) shows that the hydrocarbon fraction is between 7% and 87%. The content of volatile organic fraction BTEX accounts for only a small proportion of total TPH, and the ratio of (BTEX) / (TPH) ranges from 0.1% to 0.6%. It should be stressed that the use of TPH methods as against gas chromatography must be done with care because the potential risk posed by BTEX compounds may not be adequately addressed. Santrauka Aprašomi nafta užterštu dirvožemio bei dumblo pavyzdžiai, kuriuose duju chromatografijos būdu GC‐FIDnustatytas bendrasis naftos angliavandeniliu kiekis (TPH), o GC‐MS – lakieji aromatiniai junginiai: benzenas, toluenas, etilbenzenas ir ksilenai (BTEX) bei naftalenas. Sonifikacijos n‐heksane būdu nustatytas alieju ir riebalu (O/G) kiekis. TPH ir O/G santykis rodo, kad angliavandeniliu frakcijos yra nuo 7% iki 87%. Lakioji organine frakcija (BTEX) sudaro palyginti maža bendrojo naftos angliavandeniliu kiekio (TPH) dali, o BTEX ir TPH santykis svyruoja nuo 0,1% iki 0,6%. Ypač vertetu atkreipti demesi i bendrojo naftos angliavandeniliu kiekio (TPH) nustatyma duju chromatografijos būdu, nes galimas lakiosios organines frakcijos (BTEX) pavojingumas gali būti nepakankamai ivertintas. Peзюме Описаны образцы почвы и седимента, в которых способом хроматографии газа GC-FID определено общее количество нефтяных углеводородов (TPH), при помощи GC-MS установлены летучие ароматические соединения: бензол, толуол, этилобензол, ксилолы (BTEX) и нафталин. Способом сонификации в н-гексане определено количество масел и жиров (O/G). Отношение (TPH) / (O/G) свидетельствует о том, что в них содержится от 7% до 87% фракции углеводородов. Летучие ароматические соединения составляют относительно небольшую часть cyммарных нефтяных углеводородов, а отношение (BTEX) / (TPH) колеблется в пределах 0,1–0,6%. Особое внимание следует обратить на определение общего количества нефтяных углеводородов (TPH) способом хроматографии газа в связи с тем, что может быть не полноcтью оценена возможная опасность летучих ароматических соединений (BTEX).

scholarly journals Surfactant Enhanced Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils Using Alkyl Polyglucoside

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
C. E. Ezekiel ◽  
Leo C. Osuji ◽  
M. C. Onojake
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Alkyl Polyglycosides ◽  
Enhanced Biodegradation ◽  
Enhanced Bioremediation ◽  
Reduction Percentage ◽  
Alkyl Polyglucoside

Bioremediation is an efficient and environmentally friendly method for the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soils. This study investigated the effects of biosurfactant alkyl polyglycosides (APG) on enhanced biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soils.  Three soil samples were contaminated with two different grades of crude oil (medium and Light). Alkyl polyglucoside was synthesised and subjected to FTIR for comfirmation of the product before it was applied in the remediation of contaminated soil. The alkyl polyglucoside is used as a treatment regime in the remediation of the hydrocarbon contamination in the three soil samples. Results of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) before remediation with bio-surfactant showed that samples contaminated with medium crude for Eneka, Ozuoba and Rukpokwu were 15744.00 mg/kg, 11359.00 mg/kg and 11470.00 mg/kg respectively and after remediation reduced to 4276.00 mg/kg, 4265.00 mg/kg, and 3205.00 mg/kg, showing a reduction percentage of 72.84%, 62.44% and 72.05% respectively. Soil samples contaminated with light crude showed result of TPH of 11339.00 mg/kg, 10662 mg/kg and 10226 mg/kg and after remediation reduced to 2981 mg/kg, 3879 mg/kg, and 4245 mg/kg respectively showing a reduction percentage of 73.71%, 63.62 % and 58.49% respectively. The enhanced efficiency of the bio-surfactant at degrading total petroleum hydrocarbons was achieved as a result of the increased solubility thus improving the bioavailability of the hydrocarbons due to the action of the alkyl polyglucoside.

scholarly journals Uso de Leersia hexandra (Poaceae) en la fitorremediación de suelos contaminados con petróleo fresco e intemperizado

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Arias Trinidad ◽  
María Del Carmen Rivera Cruz ◽  
Antonio Roldán Garrigós ◽  
Lorenzo Armando Aceves Navarro ◽  
Roberto Quintero-Lizaola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Leersia Hexandra

The oil industry has generated chronic oil spills and their accumulation in wetlands of the state of Tabasco, in Southeastern Mexico. Waterlogging is a factor that limits the use of remediation technologies because of its high cost and low levels of oil degradation. However, Leersia hexandra is a grass that grows in these contaminated areas with weathered oil. The aim of the study was to evaluate the bacteria density, plant biomass production and phytoremediation of L. hexandra in contaminated soil. For this, two experiments in plastic tunnel were performed with fresh (E1) and weathered petroleum (E2) under waterlogging experimental conditions. The E1 was based on eight doses: 6 000, 10 000, 30 000, 60 000, 90 000, 120 000, 150 000 and 180 000 mg.kg-1 dry basis (d. b.) of total petroleum hydrocarbons fresh (TPH-F), and the E2, that evaluated five doses: 14 173, 28 400, 50 598, 75 492 and 112 142 mg. kg-1 d. b. of total petroleum hydrocarbons weathered (TPH-W); a control treatment with 2 607 mg.kg-1 d. b. was used. Each experiment, with eight replicates per treatment, evaluated after three and six months: a) microbial density of total free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) of Azospirillum (AZP) and Azotobacter group (AZT), for viable count in serial plate; b) dry matter production (DMP), quantified gravimetrically as dry weight of L. hexandra; and c) the decontamination percentage of hydrocarbons (PDH) by Soxhlet extraction. In soil with TPH-F, the NFB, AZP y AZT populations were stimulated five times more than the control both at the three and six months; however, concentrations of 150 000 and 180 000 mg.kg-1 d. b. inhibited the bacterial density between 70 and 89 %. Likewise, in soil with TPH-W, the FNB, AZP and AZT inhibitions were 90 %, with the exception of the 14 173 mg.kg-1 d. b. treatment, which stimulated the NFB and AZT in 2 and 0.10 times more than the control, respectively. The DMP was continued at the six months in the experiments, with values of 63 and 89 g in fresh and weathered petroleum, respectively; had no significant differences with the control (p≤0.05). The PDH reached values of 66 to 87 % both TPH-F and TPH-W at six months, respectively. These results demonstrated the ability the L. hexandra rhizosphere to stimulate the high NFB density, vegetal biomass production and phytoremediation of contaminated soils (with fresh and weathered petroleum), in a tropical waterlogging environment.

scholarly journals Activities and molecular characterization of petroleum hydrocarbons degrading rhizobacteria from mangrove plants (Rhizophora sp.) in Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivekananda Vinsensius Benget ◽  
ENDAH RETNANINGRUM
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Crude Petroleum ◽  
Mangrove Plants ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract. Benget VV, Retnaningrum E. 2020. Activities and molecular characterization of petroleum hydrocarbons degrading rhizobacteria from mangrove plants (Rhizophora sp.) in Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 21-27. The increasing number of human population density around mangrove ecosystems has resulted in its pollution, particularly oil spills. Rhizobacteria have metabolic abilities that make them possible to live in polluted environmental conditions and the potential to be biological agents for oil remediation. However, investigations of rhizobacteria especially from rhizospheres of mangrove plants (Rhizophora sp.) and their potential use in remediation remains limited. Therefore, the purposes of this research were to investigate the ability of selected isolate in the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons and identify its isolate using 16S rRNA gene. Observation of that degradation ability was conducted by inoculating the isolate in Bushnell-Haas Minimal Salt (BHMS) medium containing crude petroleum 0.01 %. After 10 days of incubation, the degradation hydrocarbons were analyzed by measuring Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) method. Four rhizobacteria isolate from rhizospheres of mangrove plants (Rhizophora sp), NMKP1, NMKP2, NMKP3, and NMKP4 were analyzed based on their growth in Bushnell-Haas Minimal Salt (BHMS) medium containing crude petroleum 0.01 %. The results revealed that NMKP4 isolate had the highest specific growth rate. In addition, it could degrade those hydrocarbons pollutants as much of 98.72 % within 10 days. Based on molecular characterization showed that NMKP4 isolate was in the same cluster as Pseudomonas sp. CO03.

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