Inhibition of Metal Induced Crystallization in the System Ag/ZnO/a-Si:H

1996 ◽  
Vol 426 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Edelman ◽  
R. Brener ◽  
C. Cytermann ◽  
R. Weil ◽  
C. Beneking ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Zno Film ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Induced Crystallization ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Additional Strain ◽  
Induced Crystallization

AbstractA systematic investigation has been made on the barrier properties of ZnO layer between ndoped a-Si:H and Ag metallization films in the structures (001)Si/SiO2/Ag/ZnO/a-Si:H:P and (001)Si/SiO2/a-Si:H:P/ZnO/Ag. Plasma assisted CVD deposition was used to produce a-Si:H (2500Å thick) highly P-doped films over thermally oxidized Si-wafers at 190 and 270°C. Transparent conductive ZnO:AI layers, 1000Å and lμm thickness, and Ag films (1000Å thick) were deposited by sputtering. The polycrystalline ZnO layers were textured along the <0001> axis in the as-deposited state. The structures were annealed in vacuum in the temperature range from 300 to 700°C for 1/4 to 16h. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy studies demonstrated the a-Si:H:P stability against crystallization under ZnO buffer protection up to 700°C (when free a-Si crystallizes itself). The (111) peak position of the Ag reflection was used to show that while the Ag was always strained, the strain was partially relaxed when in contact with the 0. 1μm ZnO film, it developed additional strain when in contact with the 1μm ZnO film.

Inhibition of Metal Induced Crystallization in the System Ag/ZnO/a-Si:H

1996 ◽  
Vol 420 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Edelman ◽  
R. Brener ◽  
C. Cytermann ◽  
R. Weil ◽  
C. Beneking ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Zno Film ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Induced Crystallization ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Additional Strain ◽  
Induced Crystallization

AbstractA systematic investigation has been made on the barrier properties of ZnO layer between ndoped a-Si:H and Ag metallization films in the structures (001)Si/SiO2/Ag/ZnO/a-Si:H:P and (001)Si/SiO2/a-Si:H:P/ZnO/Ag. Plasma assisted CVD deposition was used to produce a-Si:H (2500Å thick) highly P-doped films over thermally oxidized Si-wafers at 190 and 270°C. Transparent conductive ZnO:A1 layers, 1000Å and lμm thickness, and Ag films (1000Å thick) were deposited by sputtering. The polycrystalline ZnO layers were textured along the <0001> axis in the as-deposited state. The structures were annealed in vacuum in the temperature range from 300 to 700°C for 1/4 to 16h. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy studies demonstrated the a-Si:H:P stability against crystallization under ZnO buffer protection up to 700°C (when free a-Si crystallizes itself). The (111) peak position of the Ag reflection was used to show that while the Ag was always strained, the strain was partially relaxed when in contact with the 0. 1 μm ZnO film, it developed additional strain when in contact with the I μm ZnO film.

Al/ZnO/a-SiGe:H: A System Protected by the ZnO Buffer from Metal-Induced Crystallization

1997 ◽  
Vol 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Edelman ◽  
R. Brener ◽  
C. Cytermann ◽  
R. Weil ◽  
C. Beneking ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Amorphous Semiconductors ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Induced Crystallization ◽  
Amorphous System ◽  
Al Metallization ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Induced Crystallization

ABSTRACTMetal-Induced-Crystallization (MIC) by the contact of amorphous semiconductors with metals is one of the degradation factors in solar cells. This study has been made on the barrier properties of a ZnO layer between undoped a-SiGe:H and Al metallization films in the structure (001)Si/SiO2/a-SiGe:H/ZnO/Al. Plasma assisted CVD deposition was used to produce a-Si1.xGex:H (x=0 to 1) undoped films over thermally oxidized Si-wafers. There were covered with 500Å and 1000Å thick transparent conductive layers of ZnO. Al and then 1000Å thick films of Al. A set of Al-implanted a-Si, a-Ge, and a-Sio.5Geo.5 films on Si/SiO2 substrates was also prepared to study MIC in an amorphous system with dispersed Al. The structures were annealed in vacuum in the temperature range of 200°C to 400°C for lh. X-ray diffraction studies demonstrated the a-SiGe:H stability against crystallization under ZnO protection up to 400°C. Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy didn't reveal any noticeable redistribution of Al inside Al-implanted a-Si:H and a-Si0.5Ge0.5:H samples after annealing at 400°C for lh, but strong Al diffusion was seen in the a-Ge:H layer. Nevertheless, no MIC was observed in any of the Al-implanted a-materials.

Millable Polyurethane/Organoclay Nanocomposites: Preparation, Characterization, and Properties

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 634-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Siliani ◽  
M. A. López-Manchado ◽  
J. L. Valentín ◽  
M. Arroyo ◽  
A. Marcos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transformation Techniques ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organically Modified ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Novel millable polyurethane (PU)/organoclay nanocomposites have been successfully prepared by conventional transformation techniques. One natural (C6A) and two organically modified (C15A and C30B) montmorillonites have been used as clays for preparing PU nanocomposites. The optimum dispersion of nanofiller at a nanometer scale in PU matrix was confirmed by X-ray diffraction patterns and transmission electron microscopy. A substantial improvement of the PU properties by addition of only a small amount of organoclay was observed. It is worthy to note that the organoclays show a different interfacial interaction with the PU matrix, which was reflected in different macroscopic properties. Thus, C30B organoclay seems to react with PU chains to form covalent bonds, while C15Aonly interacts physically with PU chains. Mechanical and barrier properties are analyzed.

The Study of High Temperature Annealing of a-SiC:H Films

2006 ◽  
Vol 514-516 ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Shibin Zhang ◽  
Z. Hu ◽  
Leandro Raniero ◽  
X. Liao ◽  
Isabel Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
High Temperature Annealing ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Induced Crystallization ◽  
Vapor Deposition Technique ◽  
Crystallization Effect ◽  
Induced Crystallization

A series of amorphous silicon carbide films were prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique on (100) silicon wafers by using methane, silane, and hydrogen as reactive resources. A very thin (around 15 Å) gold film was evaporated on the half area of the a- SiC:H films to investigate the metal induced crystallization effect. Then the a-SiC:H films were annealed at 1100 0C for 1 hour in the nitrogen atmosphere. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to analyze the microstructure, composition and surface morphology of the films. The influences of the high temperature annealing on the microstructure of a-SiC:H film and the metal induced metallization were investigated.

The Preparation and Characterization of a Novolac Cured Epoxy-Clay Nanocomposites

2006 ◽  
Vol 939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsung-Yen Tsai ◽  
Shau-Tai Lu ◽  
Chih-Hung Li ◽  
Chin-Jei Huang ◽  
Li-Chun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Layered Silicates ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Crosslinking Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

ABSTRACTIntercalated or exfoliated nanocomposites were composed by the novolac cured epoxy and one of three different kinds of layered silicates, such as montmorillonite (PK-802), saponite (Semecton-SA) and nontronite (PK-805). The bi-functional modifiers (PI/BEN or MI/BEN) with different ratio, which contained one of the promoters (2-phenylimidazole, PI and 2-methylimidazole, MI) of epoxy and benzalkonium chloride (BEN), were intercalated into the gallery regions of pure clays at the same time and followed by a crosslinking reaction. The properties of novolac cured epoxy/clay nanocomposites were characterized by wild-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD), thermal analysis (TGA/DSC), coefficiency of thermal expansion (TMA), mechanical properties (DMA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). According to the measurement, these novolac cured epoxy-clay nanocomposites have shown the significant improvement in the thermal, mechanical and barrier properties.

Preparation and characteristics of polypropylene-clay nanocomposite fibers

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 773-784
Author(s):  
T.P. Mohan ◽  
Krishnan Kanny
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Nanocomposite Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nanocomposite Fibers ◽  
Intercalated Nanocomposite

Abstract The objective of this work was to find a possible engineering application for polypropylene (PP) by preparing fibers filled with nanoclay particles. Unfilled and nanoclay filled (0–5 wt%) PP fibers were continuously drawn and examined. The surface morphology and topographic studies of fibers were carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was observed that unfilled PP fibers possess poor density distribution with the nonuniform diameter across the fiber length affecting structural integrity. However, PP fibers filled with ≥2 wt% nanoclay had shown improvement in structural integrity. The structure and morphology of fibers were examined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, and the result indicated good dispersion of nanolayers of clay in PP matrix with exfoliated nanocomposite structure up to 2 wt% nanoclay and above 2 wt% showing intercalated nanocomposite structure. Improved tensile, thermal and water barrier properties of nanoclay filled PP were also observed.

Microstructural study of MBE-grown ZnO film on GaN/sapphire (0001) substrate

Open Physics ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Li ◽  
Jianping Sang ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Hongbing Lu ◽  
Juncheng Cao
Keyword(s):  
Interface Layer ◽  
Interfacial Microstructure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Zno Film ◽  
Epitaxial Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Gan Heterostructure

AbstractSingle crystalline ZnO film is grown on GaN/sapphire (0001) substrate by molecular beam epitaxy. Ga2O3 is introduced into the ZnO/GaN heterostructure intentionally by oxygen-plasma pre-exposure on the GaN surface prior to ZnO growth. The crystalline orientation and interfacial microstructure are characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis shows strong c-axis preferred orientation of the ZnO film. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscope images reveal that an additional phase is formed at the interface of ZnO/GaN. Through a comparison of diffraction patterns, we confirm that the interface layer is monoclinic Ga2O3 and the main epitaxial relationship should be $$ (0001)_{ZnO} \parallel (001)_{Ga_2 O_3 } \parallel (0001)_{GaN} $$ and $$ [2 - 1 - 10]_{ZnO} \parallel [010]_{Ga_2 O_3 } \parallel [2 - 1 - 10]_{GaN} $$.

In situ x-ray diffraction study of metal induced crystallization of amorphous germanium

2009 ◽  
Vol 105 (8) ◽  
pp. 083532 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Knaepen ◽  
S. Gaudet ◽  
C. Detavernier ◽  
R. L. Van Meirhaeghe ◽  
J. Jordan Sweet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Study ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Amorphous Germanium ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Induced Crystallization ◽  
Induced Crystallization

scholarly journals Ethylene-Octene Copolymers/Organoclay Nanocomposites: Preparation and Properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Tesarikova ◽  
Dagmar Merinska ◽  
Jiri Kalous ◽  
Petr Svoboda
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Uv Aging ◽  
Dynamical Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nucleation Agents

Two ethylene-octene copolymers with 17 and 45 wt.% of octene (EOC-17 and EOC-45) were compared in nanocomposites with Cloisite 93A. EOC-45 nanocomposites have a higher elongation at break. Dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA) showed a decrease oftan⁡δwith frequency for EOC-17 nanocomposites, but decrease is followed by an increase for EOC-45 nanocomposites; DMA showed also increased modulus for all nanocomposites compared to pure copolymers over a wide temperature range. Barrier properties were improved about 100% by addition of organoclay; they were better for EOC-17 nanocomposites due to higher crystallinity. X-ray diffraction (XRD) together with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed some intercalation for EOC-17 but much better dispersion for EOC-45 nanocomposites. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed increased crystallization temperatureTcfor EOC-17 nanocomposite (aggregates acted as nucleation agents) but decreaseTcfor EOC-45 nanocomposite together with greatly influenced melting peak. Accelerated UV aging showed smaller C=O peak for EOC-45 nanocomposites.

Ultrasound assisted process of PA6/clay nanocomposites: mechanical, rheological and barrier properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarat K. Swain
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Permeability ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clay Loading ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Transmission Electron

Abstract Polymer/clay nanocomposites were prepared by the single screw extruder with an attached die to an ultrasound of variable amplitude. The structure and morphology of nanocomposites were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mechanical properties such as Young’s modulus, elongation, breaking stress, toughness, yield stress and yield stain of ultrasonically treated nanocomposites were changed significantly in comparison to untreated nanocomposites. From rheology data, it was found that the complex viscosities of nanocomposites were increased with clay loading and decreased after ultrasonic treatment. It was found that both clay and ultrasonic intensity played a vitalrole in the dispersion of clay in the polymer matrix. From the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) results it was found that the addition of clay in the nylon 6 matrix leads to a decrease of crystallization and this property increased ultrasonic amplitude. The oxygen permeability of PA6/clay nanocomposites was measured and it was found that a substantial reduction in oxygen permeability was observed by increasing clay loading.

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