Ultrasound assisted process of PA6/clay nanocomposites: mechanical, rheological and barrier properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarat K. Swain
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Permeability ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clay Loading ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Transmission Electron

Abstract Polymer/clay nanocomposites were prepared by the single screw extruder with an attached die to an ultrasound of variable amplitude. The structure and morphology of nanocomposites were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mechanical properties such as Young’s modulus, elongation, breaking stress, toughness, yield stress and yield stain of ultrasonically treated nanocomposites were changed significantly in comparison to untreated nanocomposites. From rheology data, it was found that the complex viscosities of nanocomposites were increased with clay loading and decreased after ultrasonic treatment. It was found that both clay and ultrasonic intensity played a vitalrole in the dispersion of clay in the polymer matrix. From the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) results it was found that the addition of clay in the nylon 6 matrix leads to a decrease of crystallization and this property increased ultrasonic amplitude. The oxygen permeability of PA6/clay nanocomposites was measured and it was found that a substantial reduction in oxygen permeability was observed by increasing clay loading.

The Preparation and Characterization of a Novolac Cured Epoxy-Clay Nanocomposites

2006 ◽  
Vol 939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsung-Yen Tsai ◽  
Shau-Tai Lu ◽  
Chih-Hung Li ◽  
Chin-Jei Huang ◽  
Li-Chun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Layered Silicates ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Crosslinking Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

ABSTRACTIntercalated or exfoliated nanocomposites were composed by the novolac cured epoxy and one of three different kinds of layered silicates, such as montmorillonite (PK-802), saponite (Semecton-SA) and nontronite (PK-805). The bi-functional modifiers (PI/BEN or MI/BEN) with different ratio, which contained one of the promoters (2-phenylimidazole, PI and 2-methylimidazole, MI) of epoxy and benzalkonium chloride (BEN), were intercalated into the gallery regions of pure clays at the same time and followed by a crosslinking reaction. The properties of novolac cured epoxy/clay nanocomposites were characterized by wild-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD), thermal analysis (TGA/DSC), coefficiency of thermal expansion (TMA), mechanical properties (DMA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). According to the measurement, these novolac cured epoxy-clay nanocomposites have shown the significant improvement in the thermal, mechanical and barrier properties.

SYNTHESIS OF PAN/CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES: STUDY OF GAS PERMEATION PROPERTIES

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (04n05) ◽  
pp. 1101-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUBRATA K. PATRA ◽  
GYANARANJAN PRUSTY ◽  
SARAT K. SWAIN
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Permeability ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Gas Permeation ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ultrasound Waves ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Organically Modified

Polymer based composites have received high interest due to their unusual combination of stiffness and toughness that are difficult to attain from individual components. For this reason, they have been widely used in areas of transportation, construction, electronics and consumer products. Nanocomposites exhibiting a change in composition and structure over a nanometer length scale have been shown over the last few years to afford remarkable property enhancements relative to conventional composites. Organically modified clays can be effective reinforcing agents in manufactured polymer–clay nanocomposites. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/clay nanocomposites were prepared by the emulsifier free emulsion polymerization with variable power and frequency of ultrasound. The ultrasound waves of powers of 80 watt and 120 watt at frequencies of 60 KHz and 80 KHz were applied to assist the dispersion of organically modified clay with polymer matrix. The structure and morphology of nanocomposites were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The oxygen permeability of the samples was measured by gas permeameter. A substantial reduction in oxygen permeability was observed by increasing clay loading and through sonication.

scholarly journals The effect of organobentonites from spent bleaching earth (SBE) and commercial bentonite on nanocomposite properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tika Paramith ◽  
Johnner P Sitompul ◽  
Hyung Woo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compound ◽  
Bleaching Earth ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Molding Machine ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Biodegradable Properties

This paper concerns on synthesis of nanocomposites consisting of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and clays. Two types of clays were regenerated organobentonite and commercial organobentonite. PLA and clays were melt extruded using single-screw extruder. The extruded compound was pelletized, then hot pressed using compression molding machine. Regenerated organobentonite was obtained from regeneration of spent bleaching earth (SBE) using solvent extraction and oxidation method. Afterwards, regenerated SBE modified by organic compound. While, commercial organobentonite was directly modified of commercial bentonite using organic compound. In this study, nanocomposites were prepared with varying compositions of clays from 0% to 5% (by weight). Experimental results show that partially exfoliated nanocomposites structure was shown by X-ray diffraction analyses. In addition, the effect of clays on morphology structure, mechanical, barrier, and biodegradable properties were analyzed. The utilization of clays in nanocomposite increases mechanical properties at low clay compositions. Furthermore, PLA-clay nanocomposites show better barrier and biodegradable properties compared to that of the neat PLA.  

scholarly journals Orientation Effect in Poly (Butylene Succinate) Fibers

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nakayama ◽  
T. Masuda ◽  
A. Cao ◽  
J. Vega-Baudrit ◽  
R. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Orientation ◽  
Fiber Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Single Screw ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Structure Morphology

Fibers of poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) were prepared using a single screw extruder at various take-up speeds. Changes in fiber structure, morphology and physical properties were investigated using sonic velocity measurements and X-ray diffraction. High take up speeds enhanced some of the properties of PBS fibers as a consequence of changes in molecular orientation and crystallinity. Spherulites of PBS were also obtained at 90°C.

Millable Polyurethane/Organoclay Nanocomposites: Preparation, Characterization, and Properties

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 634-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Siliani ◽  
M. A. López-Manchado ◽  
J. L. Valentín ◽  
M. Arroyo ◽  
A. Marcos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transformation Techniques ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organically Modified ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Novel millable polyurethane (PU)/organoclay nanocomposites have been successfully prepared by conventional transformation techniques. One natural (C6A) and two organically modified (C15A and C30B) montmorillonites have been used as clays for preparing PU nanocomposites. The optimum dispersion of nanofiller at a nanometer scale in PU matrix was confirmed by X-ray diffraction patterns and transmission electron microscopy. A substantial improvement of the PU properties by addition of only a small amount of organoclay was observed. It is worthy to note that the organoclays show a different interfacial interaction with the PU matrix, which was reflected in different macroscopic properties. Thus, C30B organoclay seems to react with PU chains to form covalent bonds, while C15Aonly interacts physically with PU chains. Mechanical and barrier properties are analyzed.

Synthesis and Electrorheological Characteristics of Conducting Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites

2007 ◽  
Vol 124-126 ◽  
pp. 1083-1086
Author(s):  
Jun Hee Sung ◽  
Hyoung Jin Choi
Keyword(s):  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
Electrorheological Fluid ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
In Situ Emulsion Polymerization

Nanocomposites of conducting polymers of polyaniline (PANI), poly(oethoxyaniline) (PEOA) and polypyrrole (PPy) with clay prepared via either in-situ emulsion polymerization or solvent intercalation were investigated especially for electrorheological fluid (ER) application. Internal structures of these nanocomposites were examined via wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The intercalated nanostructures analyzed via WAXD and TEM were correlated with the electrical property change originated from the nanoscale interaction between clay and conducting polymer. Moreover, their ER behaviors were measured via rotational rheometer with external electric field controller.

Modification of clays with styrenic ionic liquid by Synthesis of in-situ Polystyrene Nanocomposite

e-Polymers ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Galehassadi ◽  
Fatemeh Hosseinzadeh ◽  
Mehrdad Mahkam
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Modified Montmorillonite ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Insitu Polymerization ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Abstract Nanocomposites of polystyrene (PS) was prepared with new styrenic ionic liquid, N-(4-vinyl benzyl)-(N,N-dimethylamino) pyridinium chloride[VBMAP], surfactants used as organic modifications for the clays. Sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) was successfully modified by [VBMAP] to become OMMT through cation exchange technique which is shown by the increase of basalspacing of clay by XRD. The composite material based on polystyrene and organo-modified montmorillonite (OMMT) was prepared by insitu polymerization and characterized. The morphology of the polymer/clay hybrids was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) ,transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showing good overall dispersion of the clay. The thermal stability of the polymer/clay nanocomposites were enhanced, as evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis.

Influence of Silicate Surface Modification on Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Nylon6/Clay Nanocomposites

2007 ◽  
Vol 334-335 ◽  
pp. 877-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Hun Shim ◽  
Jae Hun Choi ◽  
Jung Hiuk Joo ◽  
Jin San Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
End Groups ◽  
Silicate Surface ◽  
Epoxy Groups ◽  
Microscopy Images

A new method was attempted to improve the interaction between nylon 6 with a commercially available organoclay, Cloisite®25A (C25A) through modification of C25A with 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, 3-(glycidoxypropyl) trimethoxysilane and 3-isocyanate propyltriethoxy silane. C25A and C25A modified with the silane compounds(TFC) were melt mixed with nylon 6. X-Ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy images revealed that all the TFC layers were fully exfoliated in nylon 6 matrix irrespectively of the type of the silane compounds used for the modification. Tensile properties of nylon 6 were most significantly improved when 3-(glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane modified C25A was incorporated. The chemical reaction between the epoxy groups and the end groups of nylon 6 raised the interfacial interaction and thus was responsible for the enhanced tensile properties.

Study on the Preparation and Properties of EVA-G-PU/OMMT Nanocomposites

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 247-250
Author(s):  
Yu Qing Zhang ◽  
Yu Xin He ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Jun Xian Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Gravimetric ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Thermal Stabilities ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
New Type

A new type of EVA-g-PU/OMMT nanocomposites was synthesized through the method of chemical modification and melt intercalation. FTIR testing showed that the PU prepolymer was grafted on EVA main chains successfully. The structures of EVA-g-PU/OMMT nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The enhanced storage modulus of EVA-g-PU/OMMT nanocomposites was characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The thermal stabilities of EVA/clay nanocomposites were also studied by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Mechanical testing showed that the tensile strength and tear strength of EVA-g-PU/OMMT nanocomposites were far superior to pure EVA.

Preparation of Highly Exfoliated Epoxy/Clay Nanocomposites by the Method of Ultrasonication Dispersion-Microwave Cure

2011 ◽  
Vol 418-420 ◽  
pp. 670-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Yan Wang ◽  
Shi Yang Zhou ◽  
Zhen Jiang ◽  
Xiao Qing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Microwave Energy ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Layered Clay

A new ultrasonication dispersion – microwave cure (UD-MC) method for preparing highly exfoliated layered epoxy/clay nanocomposites was developed. The process was divided into two consecutive stages. In the first stage, the epoxy and organoclay were mixed by high stirring and ultrasonication in the presence of acetone. In the second stage, the mixture of epoxy and organoclay was cured with microwave of 400W and postcured at 135°C. The microstructure of the nanocomposites was characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicated that the basal spacing of the organoclay particles in the epoxy/clay mixture was significantly enlarged, up to around 75Å afther the ultrasonic treatment. The layered clay was highly exfoliated under the microwave energy; and the basal spacing of nanolayers was more than 90Å.

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